Studying tourism resources in Cua Van fishing village. Current status and solutions for tourism development

1.2.2.3: Water source.

Water resources play an extremely important role. It participates in the circulation of the whole earth. Our country's water resources are abundant, including surface water and underground water.

- Surface water : includes ponds, lakes, rivers, streams. Large water surface, open space, clear water. These are factors that will, along with a series of other factors such as terrain, technical facilities, create a beautiful, attractive, poetic landscape. In addition, beaches, lake shores, rivers, etc. can be used to develop a series of types of tourism such as sea tourism, sports tourism. In addition, surface water can combine with terrain, the flow on the terrain has sudden changes to create beautiful waterfalls.

- Groundwater : including mineral water points, hot mineral springs are valuable natural resources for developing types of resort and medical tourism. According to surveys, there are over 400 mineral water sources in our country. Mineral water is natural water containing some special physical components (chemical elements, gases, etc.) or some physical properties (high temperature, PH) that have physiological effects on humans.

For example, carbonated mineral water has a very good thirst-quenching effect and cures some diseases such as high blood pressure, mild arterial rupture, and peripheral nervous system diseases.

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1.2.2.4: Biology.

Biological resources include typical animal and plant resources that can serve tourism purposes. Biological resources in countries, as well as in Vietnam, that serve tourism purposes are often concentrated in:

- National parks, nature reserves, ecological forests. Currently, in our country there are 28 national parks, 57 nature reserves, 46 nature reserves, 46 habitat reserves, 37 landscape protection areas, and 4 world biosphere reserves.

- Some special ecosystems such as mangrove ecosystems, coral ecosystems, wetland ecosystems... are protected and exploited for tourism development.

- Biological attractions such as: zoos, biological museums, bird sanctuaries...

Among natural resources, world natural heritages have a special attraction for tourists not only domestically but also internationally. Currently, in Vietnam, there are two world natural heritages recognized by UNESCO as world natural heritages: Ha Long Bay was recognized twice (December 1994 and December 2000), Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park (Quang Binh) in July 2003.

1.3: Human tourism resources.

1.3.1: Concept .

According to the Vietnam Tourism Law (2005): "Human tourism resources include cultural traditions, cultural elements, folk arts, historical revolutionary relics, archeology, architecture, creative works of human labor and other tangible and intangible cultural heritages that can be used for tourism purposes".

According to Associate Professor Dr. Tran Duc Thanh in his lecture on Tourism Geography: "Human tourism resources are social objects and phenomena with their cultural and historical values that are attractive to tourists and are exploited for tourism business".

Thus, human tourism resources are exploited to serve tourism purposes. Among the human tourism resources, cultural heritage has great value. Cultural heritage is a resource for developing and expanding tourism activities. For each country, cultural heritage is a priceless asset that previous generations leave for the next generation. It proves the great creations of culture, religion and human society.

Cultural heritage includes tangible cultural heritage and intangible cultural heritage.

Tangible cultural heritage: is a material product of historical, cultural and scientific value including historical and cultural relics, scenic spots, antiquities and national treasures.

Intangible cultural heritage: is a spiritual product of historical, cultural and scientific value preserved by memory and writing; transmitted orally, through craft, performance and other forms of transmission including: language, writing, cultural and artistic works, science, oral literature, folk performances, lifestyles, festivals, secrets of traditional handicrafts, knowledge of traditional medicine and culinary culture.

1.3.2: Characteristics.

The group of human tourism resources is created by humans, or in other words, it is an object and phenomenon created artificially. This is also the reason why human tourism resources have different characteristics compared to natural tourism resources:

- Human tourism resources have more cognitive effects. The entertainment effects are not typical or have many secondary meanings. Because human tourism resources are cultural products, when tourists come to visit, they mainly want to learn about history and national cultural values.

- The study of objects in humanistic tourism resources takes place in a very short time. It usually lasts a few hours, or even a few minutes. Therefore, within the framework of a tour, one can understand many humanistic objects. Humanistic tourism resources are suitable for cognitive tourism according to the itinerary.

- Human tourism resources are often concentrated in residential areas and large cities. When visiting human resources, visitors can use the tourism facilities already built in residential areas without having to build additional facilities.

- Human tourism resources are different from natural tourism resources in that they can be degraded, even lost immediately without being exploited. This is clearly shown in many abandoned historical, religious and cultural relics that are increasingly degraded. Or folk songs can disappear if not preserved and exploited effectively.

- The biggest advantage of human tourism resources is that most of them are not seasonal, not dependent on meteorological conditions and other natural conditions. Therefore, it creates the ability to use human tourism resources outside the main seasons caused by natural tourism resources and reduces the general seasonality of tourism flows.

- The preferences of people who seek human tourism resources are very complex and very different. It causes many difficulties in evaluating human tourism resources. Unlike natural tourism resources, there are some quantitative methods of resource evaluation. The criteria for evaluating human resources are mainly based on qualitative emotional and intuitive basis.

1.3.3: Types of human tourism resources.

1.3.3.1: World cultural heritages and historical-cultural relics.

Is one of the important tourism resources. Is a resource for developing and expanding tourism activities. World cultural heritages and historical and cultural relics associated with the surrounding environment... ensure the vitality of the past that shaped them and ensure the diverse life scene of society.

Throughout the ages, world cultural heritages and historical cultural relics have demonstrated the great creations of human culture, religion and society. The protection, restoration and embellishment of traces of human activities in historical periods, cultural and artistic achievements... are not only a great task of humanity in the modern era, but also have great value for tourism purposes.

- World cultural heritage:

Cultural heritage is considered the crystallization of a nation's cultural creations. The recognition and honor of a national heritage as a world heritage has many meanings. The value of the heritage is enhanced, placing it in a global relationship; becoming an invaluable asset, attractive to tourists, especially international tourists. Currently, Vietnam has 3 tangible cultural heritages recognized by UNESCO as cultural heritages.

World: Hue ancient capital recognized on December 14, 1993, My Son Sanctuary and Hoi An ancient town were recognized immediately on December 14, 1999.

For world cultural heritages there are 6 criteria:

1. A unique work of art, the pinnacle of human talent.

2. Has an important influence on the development of architectural art, the art of space construction in a certain period, in a certain setting.

3. Solid evidence for a lost civilization.

4. Provide an eloquent example of a building or architectural genre that reflects a significant historical period.

5. Provide a compelling example of a traditional housing form that speaks to a culture that is at risk of being destroyed by irreversible change.

6. Have a direct relationship with events and beliefs that meet the authenticity standards of creative ideas, materials, construction and location.

- Historical and cultural relics:

Historical and cultural relics are valuable cultural assets of each locality, each ethnic group, each country and of all humanity. They are the most faithful, authentic and concrete evidence of the cultural characteristics of each country. They contain everything that belongs to the good traditions, the quintessence, intelligence, talent and cultural and artistic values of each country. Historical and cultural relics have great potential to contribute to the development of human intelligence and talent, to the development of humanities and historical sciences. They are the face of the past of each ethnic group and each country.

According to Associate Professor Nguyen Minh Tue and other authors in the book Tourism Geography: "Historical and cultural relics are specific, objective physical spaces that contain typical historical values left behind by collectives or individuals who have creatively worked throughout history."

Historical and cultural relics contain many different historical contents. Each relic has its own content, cultural value, and amount of information. It is necessary to distinguish different types of relics to determine the name that matches its content and to exploit, use, and protect the relics effectively.

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Historical and cultural relics in each nation and each country are divided into

+ Archaeological cultural relics : Are places that hide a part of

Cultural value, belonging to the period of human social history without writing and a certain time in ancient history. Most archaeological cultural relics are located deep underground, there are also cases that exist above ground. Archaeological cultural relics are also called archaeological sites, it is divided into residential sites and burial sites.

+ Historical relics : Each nation and each country has its own historical characteristics, which are recorded in historical relics. These records vary in quantity, distribution and valuable content. Historical relics often include: Relics that record ethnology, record important and typical political events, record victories against invaders, record memories, record glory in labor, record crimes of imperialism and feudalism.

+ Cultural and artistic relics : These are relics associated with valuable architectural works. These relics not only contain architectural values but also social and spiritual cultural values.

+ Scenic spots : These are natural areas with beautiful scenery, or famous ancient constructions. Scenic spots not only have immense, majestic, and airy natural beauty, but also have human values created by human hands and minds. Scenic spots often contain the value of many types of historical and cultural relics and therefore have important value for tourism activities.

1.3.3.2: Festivals.

- Concept:

According to Associate Professor Nguyen Minh Tue and other authors in the book Tourism Geography: “Festivals are a very diverse and rich form of cultural synthesis, a form of collective activity of the people after a period of hard work or an occasion for people to look back on an important historical event: to admire their ancestors, review traditions or to resolve worries, desires, and dreams that real life has not yet resolved.”

According to Associate Professor Dr. Tran Duc Thanh in his lecture on tourism geography: “Festivals are a massive encyclopedia, a living museum of Vietnamese spiritual culture. They have had and will have a strong and profound impact on spirituality, on shaping the soul and character of Vietnam, past, present and future.”

- Characteristic:

+ Time of festival: festivals do not take place all year round but only concentrated in a short period of time. Festivals usually take place in spring and autumn but mostly in spring. Each locality organizes festivals in its own unique style that attracts tourists. Tourists participating in festivals in any locality will see the spiritual life of the people there.

+ Festival scale: Festivals have different scales, large and small. Some festivals take place in large areas and some are confined to a small locality. This clearly affects tourism activities and especially the ability to attract tourists.

+ Festival venue: Usually held at historical and cultural relics. That allows better exploitation of both relics and festivals for tourism purposes. Relics and festivals are two types of cultural activities that go hand in hand and are intertwined in our country. Festivals are associated with relics and are inseparable from relics. If relics are signs of tradition that are condensed and crystallized in solid form, festivals are the soul that conveys tradition to life in soft form.

- Content of the festival: includes 2 parts: Ceremony and Festival

+ Ceremony: According to the Vietnamese Dictionary, "ceremony" is a ritual performed to mark or commemorate a meaningful event or event. Thus, ceremony is a way of behaving of people before the vast and mysterious nature. The

Rituals, rituals of the ceremony exude the wish for the blessing, protection of the sacred gods to help people find a way out. Ceremonies in Vietnam mainly focus on rituals, ceremonies related to praying for crops, people and animals. It can be said, "rituals are the spiritual part of the community to meet the needs of belief and ensure the order and discipline for the festival to be more complete."

+ Festival part: Typical symbolic activities of community psychology and national culture take place, containing the nation's concepts of historical, social and natural realities. The festival part includes a variety of entertaining games.

In terms of origin, these games all come from the sacred wishes of agricultural residents. Including games expressing the wish for rain, such as games that create explosive sounds simulating thunder in the spring festival to remind the sky to make rain (firecracker competitions, throwing firecrackers, hitting earthen firecrackers).

Originating from the wish for peace is the game: kite flying competitions at summer festivals hoping for wind and sun to rise so that the flood waters can recede quickly.

Originating from the desire for fertility are games such as: robbing the bridge and dropping the hole, playing marbles and throwing the ball, swinging, catching eels in a jar, etc.

Originating from the desire to practice agility and resourcefulness are the games: rice cooking competition, chicken boiling competition, feast setting competition, pig catching competition, weaving competition, etc.

Thus, festivals are a flexible synthesis of the sacred (ceremony) and the earthly (festival). Festivals are a long-standing cultural activity of peoples around the world, including Vietnam. Festivals have the power to attract all classes in society, and have become a need and aspiration of the people for many centuries.

1.3.3.3: Tourism objects associated with ethnography.

Each ethnic group has its own living conditions, cultural characteristics, customs, production activities with its own nuances and a certain residential area. The characteristics of each ethnic group have their own appeal to tourists.

The tourism objects associated with ethnography that are meaningful to tourism are strange customs about residence, social organization, eating and living habits, and

Studying tourism resources in Cua Van fishing village. Current status and solutions for tourism development - 2

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