Strengthening the state's management role over land in the urbanization process in Hanoi city

socio-economic development); a presentation paper titled: "Some theoretical issues on the Real Estate market" - Scientific conference " Research on the Real Estate market in Vietnam" , 2001 by Associate Professor, Dr. Vu Van Phuc (Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics); an article titled: "Some thoughts on land prices and compensation for site clearance in construction planning" - Economics and Development magazine, September 2001 issue by Professor, Dr. Pham Quang Phan (National Economics University);

Regarding the content of land use rights in the real estate market in Vietnam today and the issue of State management of land in the real estate market, many scientists and organizations have paid attention to research and achieved many important achievements. The Institute of Land Administration under the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment organized two major conferences in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City in 2006 with the title: "Land administration with real estate market, theory and practice in Vietnam" . There have been many opinions participating with the State to stabilize land prices and develop the real estate market in our country, such as: studies by Dr. Pham Sy Liem (Vietnam Construction Association); Prof. Dr. Le Dinh Thang (National Economics University); Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Dinh Khang (Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics)... including a ministerial-level research topic by Dr. Tran Kim Chung is the editor-in-chief with the title: "Real estate investment environment in Vietnam - Theoretical basis, current situation and solutions" - 2006, quite comprehensively mentioned.

The issue of urban state management, including urban land management, has also been studied quite systematically, such as: the book "Policy to attract investment in Vietnam's real estate market" , 2006, by Le Xuan Ba and Tran Kim Chung of the Central Institute for Economic Management Research; the textbook "Urban Management" , 2003 of the National Economics University edited by Prof. Dr. Nguyen Dinh Huong, the textbook "Urban Economics" , 2002 of the National Economics University edited by Prof. Dr. Nguyen Dinh Huong... In a narrower scope, studies on urban land use management, which mainly refer to the price of urban land use rights, have a ministerial-level research topic chaired by Bui Ngoc Tuan with the name: "Research on some basic causes of

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Fluctuations in urban land prices in the market and proposed methods for determining urban land prices suitable for our country" , 2005; or the topic: "Solutions for developing the real estate market in Hanoi" , 2005 chaired by Prof. Dr. Le Dinh Thang. The Hanoi People's Committee has also organized a number of seminars to solicit opinions from experts and scientists, to have measures and mechanisms in directing and organizing the implementation of the State's land management policy in the area such as: Scientific seminar: "Real estate market in Hanoi - current situation and solutions to strengthen state management " - 2002; Second scientific seminar: "Commodity economy of Thang Long - Hanoi - current situation and characteristics... " - 2005...

The current research on State management of land mostly focuses on land policy mechanisms, in the context of the market economy in our country being in the process of integration with the regional economy (AFTA) and the world economy (WTO). In particular, the research during the period when Vietnam was negotiating to join the WTO, all raised the issue of how to exploit domestic resources to create a counterweight for the economy when expanding integration, in which land resources are assessed to have an extremely important position. One of the relatively comprehensive research topics is the state-level research topic of Nguyen Dinh Bong of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment with the topic "Research on innovation of the land management system to form and develop the real estate market in Vietnam" , in 2005. However, up to now, there has been no published topic or research work that coincides with the thesis topic that the doctoral student has chosen.

Hanoi is the capital, a special urban area and a major center of the Northern growth triangle. Together with Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi is a major economic center of the country. State management of land in Hanoi in the current period of strong urbanization has raised many urgent issues. Therefore, the choice of the thesis topic really comes from the needs of practice.

3. Research purpose and tasks

a. Research purpose: Based on an overview of some theoretical and practical issues, the thesis analyzes and evaluates the current state of State management of

with land in the process of urbanization in a specific administrative unit, Hanoi city, within the time limit from the 1987 Land Law to the present. From there, propose some basic directions and solutions to strengthen the State's management role on land in the process of urbanization in our country in general, including Hanoi city.

b. Thesis tasks:

- Research theoretical issues on land use relations; urbanization issues, on the State's management role on land, as an important resource in the urbanization process in Hanoi city; lessons from practices in some countries and some provinces in the country, drawn for Vietnam and for Hanoi city in particular.

- Collecting fully and systematically information and documents on state management of land in Hanoi city from 1987 to present, analyzing the current status of the state's management role on land in the process of urbanization in Hanoi city, evaluating the advantages, limitations and current issues.

- Proposing orientations and some basic solutions to strengthen the State's management role over land in the urbanization process in Hanoi city in the coming time.

4. Research object and scope

- Research object: The thesis focuses on studying the State's management role over land in the process of urbanization, in the conditions of a market economy and world economic integration in a specific administrative unit, Hanoi city.

- About space: research on State management of land in Hanoi city.

- About time: research from the 1987 Land Law to present.

5. Methodological basis and research methods

The thesis takes dialectical materialism and historical materialism of Marxism-Leninism as the methodological basis of economic research; the thesis is based on economic laws and viewpoints, lines

Party and State policies and guidelines as the basis for analysis, evaluation and proposed solutions.

To solve the assigned tasks, the thesis also uses some of the following popular economic research methods:

- Scientific abstraction method and system analysis method: the study of the State's land management role in Hanoi city during the urbanization process is carried out synchronously, associated with each stage and each specific historical circumstance of the country and the city.

- Statistical method, quantitative information collection: the thesis used appropriate statistical data to serve the analysis and comprehensive assessment of the content, tasks and results of State land management activities in each specific period in Hanoi city.

- Inductive and deductive method: based on the analysis of basic contents of State land management and the reality of land use management in Hanoi, the thesis uses the inductive method to give general assessments of the current situation of land management and use in Hanoi. This situation is placed in the general context of the whole country and under the impact of the market economy mechanism.

- Monograph and comparative method: The thesis conducts in-depth research on a specialized issue in the field of land management. At the same time, the content of State management of land in Hanoi city is considered and evaluated on the basis of comparison with land management of some countries in the world and some provinces and cities in the country, in order to draw lessons for Vietnam and for Hanoi city.

In addition to collecting published documents, as an officer directly participating in land management in Hanoi city, the author of the thesis has conducted his own investigation and collected a number of documents to serve the content of the thesis.

6. New points of the thesis

The thesis has inherited and absorbed many research documents related to the topic, on that basis, it has supplemented and developed in accordance with the requirements of the research object. The thesis has some new points as follows:

- Generalize some theoretical issues on urban areas, characteristics of urban land, urbanization process and the relationship between land and urbanization process;

- Clarify the objective need to strengthen the State's management role over land in general, especially urban land and industrial land .

The land is in the process of urbanization. Affirming the economic interests of the State in land management and use in the process of urbanization, both with the function of representing the entire people's ownership of land and with the function of the State unifying land management nationwide;

- Clarifying the concept of state management of land and the basic content of current state management of land, in the conditions of public land ownership in our country;

- Analyze the experiences of some countries and some provinces in the country on land management activities, thereby drawing lessons for Vietnam and Hanoi city on State management of land in the urbanization process;

- From the theoretical basis and practical activities of state management of land in a specific administrative unit, Hanoi city, summarize and evaluate the practice, draw out urgent issues that need to be considered and resolved - that is, how to make state management of land in Hanoi city in the process of urbanization achieve high efficiency;

- Propose some specific directions and solutions to solve urgent problems in state management of land in our country and specifically in Hanoi city in the current period.

7. Structure of the thesis

In addition to the introduction, explanation of abbreviations, table of contents, list of tables, conclusion and list of references, the thesis consists of 3 chapters and 8 sections:

Chapter 1 : Some theoretical and practical issues on the State's management role over land in the urbanization process.

Chapter 2 : Current status of state management of land in the urbanization process in Hanoi city since the 1987 Land Law until now.

Chapter 3 : Orientation and basic solutions to strengthen the State's management role over land in Hanoi city in the coming time.

CHAPTER 1

SOME THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ISSUES ON THE STATE'S MANAGEMENT ROLE ON LAND

IN THE PROCESS OF URBANIZATION

Land is an extremely valuable resource of each country. To effectively manage and use land resources, each country in the world has specific regulations on the content of State management of land. Depending on the specific historical circumstances and political trends of each country, the content of the role of State management of land is different. Chapter 1 of the thesis delves into theoretical and practical issues on the role of State management of land in the practical conditions of urbanization associated with the development of a market economy in our country.

1.1. Urban land and the need to strengthen the State's management role over land

1.1.1. Urban and urban land

1.1.1.1. Concepts of urban, urbanization and urban land

* Concept of urban

The development process of the division of social labor is closely linked to the formation of new forms of human residence. The classics of Marxism-Leninism have affirmed: the history of human society has gone through 5 modes of production, the later mode of production is always more advanced than the previous one, corresponding to each mode of production, the formation of later forms of residence is more advanced and diverse than the previous forms of residence. The initial form of residence of ancient tribes was in caves, holes, tents, makeshift huts, progressing to the form of concentrated residence in communal residential areas of the village, hamlet, and hamlet type of feudal society. In the capitalist stage, on the basis of the development of social productive forces, industrial revolutions and great achievements of science and technology, urban areas were formed and developed at an increasingly rapid pace. Therefore, there is a concept that: urban areas are places where people and labor are concentrated, have high population density and social heterogeneity.

mainly non-agricultural workers. These people live and work in an urban lifestyle - a lifestyle characterized by a number of characteristics such as: mainly working in non-agricultural sectors, high demand for spiritual life, having conditions to quickly absorb advanced civilization of mankind, being a place with high investment in infrastructure and public services, to ensure favorable living and working conditions for residents. There is also a concept that: urban areas are places where goods exchange activities (trading) take place between people separated from productive labor (or a part of the population working in the circulation and exchange of goods between producers and consumers). However, this concept does not fully generalize the basis of formation and factors of existence and development of urban areas.

Through each stage of development, urban areas gradually become concentrated residential areas of large and very large communities, so the requirement to control and manage activities and development relations is very high in terms of economic, political, administrative and social issues. In the pre-industrial period, most of the urban land was used to build offices and residences, the urban population increased, and the main additional force was still the agricultural population who lost their land and moved to urban areas to work as hired laborers. By the end of the 18th century, thanks to the remarkable progress in the development of the productive forces and in increasing the output of goods, urban areas in the world developed extremely strongly. Urban areas have truly become the administrative, economic, political and cultural centers of a region or area and have a high population density. Some countries, due to a period of being colonized by Western colonialists, were affected by the colonial development restriction policy of the invading country (invading countries often tend to hinder urbanization in colonies), so the development process

® Urbanization in these countries is very slow (including Vietnam).

In the post-industrialization period, a new trend has emerged in urban development strategy planning: in developed countries, the State creates all conditions for people to build houses and do business in new lands, forming small and medium-sized cities, not far from the central urban area (also known as satellite cities). This trend contributes to the implementation of the rural urbanization strategy.

comprehensive rural development. Some developing countries (including Vietnam) have an urban development strategy that continues to invest in developing old urban areas by upgrading urban infrastructure. At the same time, expanding the scale of urban land area and therefore population size, but still prioritizing the planning of completely new urban areas, on the basis of building concentrated industrial and commercial clusters, to create key economic centers with leading characteristics, or to act as a trigger for the economy of a region or an entire country (for example, the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone of China or the Dung Quat Industrial Park of Vietnam).

From the above analysis, the thesis proposes the concept of urban areas : urban areas are places with high population density, mainly non-agricultural workers, with developed technical infrastructure; are general or specialized centers that play a role in promoting socio-economic development of a region, an area or the whole country.

Countries with different levels of development also have different regulations on the scale and classification of urban areas (mainly for use in administrative management or to serve administrative management purposes). However, basically, to distinguish urban from rural areas or large or small urban areas, modern urban areas or underdeveloped urban areas, etc., people put forward the following criteria:

- The scale of urban population has at least 5000 people living (in mountainous or remote areas it may be less).

- The rate of non-agricultural labor accounts for 60% or more of the total number of people of working age, where industrial production, services and trade are concentrated.

- Infrastructure and public works serving the needs of urban residents must be completed synchronously and modernly.

- Plays an important role in promoting the socio-economic development of a region or within the entire national territory.

- The population density is determined according to each type of urban area in accordance with the characteristics of each region.