3.5m), while commune roads and village roads are only grade B and grade A rural roads (4-5m wide, 3m wide). Currently, only national highways, provincial roads and some district roads are paved, the rest are mostly dirt roads or mixed-use roads, however, most of the roads within villages and hamlets have been bricked or concreted. Roads within industrial parks have been basically built to ensure planning and high load capacity.
- River:
Bac Ninh has 3 large rivers flowing through it: Cau River, 70 km long, Duong River, 42 km long, and Thai Binh River, 17 km long. All 3 rivers can accommodate watercraft with a capacity of 20 - 400 tons, except for Cau River, 10 km upstream, which in the dry season can only accommodate 50-ton vessels.
On the current river network of Bac Ninh, there are 3 major ports:
+ Dap Cau Port (managed by the river transport department) has a 2-hectare storage yard. Previously, the volume of goods passing through was 200,000 tons/year, now it is only 100,000 tons/year, mainly construction materials.
+ Dap Cau glass factory's specialized port has a capacity of over 30,000 tons/year.
+ The specialized port of Que Vo float glass factory in Dap Cau has a capacity of
35,000 tons/year.
In addition to these 3 ports, there are many unbuilt sand mining material loading and unloading yards such as: Ho, Dong Xuyen, Kenh Vang... which annually load and unload a large amount of goods, mainly construction materials.
- Railway:
Bac Ninh has the Hanoi - Lang Son railway running through nearly 20km with 4 stations, the quality of the road and stations have degraded, the ability to use and exploit is limited. The stations mainly receive some construction materials, fertilizers and consumer goods, the number of passengers passing through is decreasing. Currently, Bac Ninh is building the Yen Vien - Ha Long railway, the section through Bac Ninh is 18km long with 2 stations: Nam Son and Chau Cau.
- Air route:
Bac Ninh does not have an airport, but Hanoi's Noi Bai International Airport is only about 40 km west of Bac Ninh city (equivalent to the distance from Hanoi city center) and Tu Son town is 25 km away with the modern Noi Bai - Bac Ninh expressway, convenient for visitors to Bac Ninh by air.
d/ Electrical system:
Bac Ninh has a power grid system from the province to the district, commune and each hamlet built to meet the electricity needs of the people in the province. However, in the past, the power grid was not synchronized, of poor quality, and did not meet the needs of economic and social development, including tourism. In the past, the province's electricity sector has invested 400 billion VND to build and renovate the power system. Up to now, the whole province has 173.4 km of 110KV lines, 465.3 km of 35KV lines, 465.2 km of 6-10-22KV lines and 2,117 km of 0.8KV lines. In general, the power system has basically met the electricity needs for production and daily life of the people.
e/ Water supply:
Groundwater resources in Bac Ninh province were previously quite abundant with reserves reaching more than 235 thousand cubic meters per day and night. In addition, with a network of
With a dense network of rivers and streams, Bac Ninh has large reserves of surface water with mineral content that ensures exploitation for domestic water supply. However, recently, due to the lack of control over the exploitation of groundwater for industrial and urban purposes, groundwater reserves have been greatly affected, especially in the dry season.
In the province, there are currently 7 water plants with a total capacity of 50,500m3 / day, providing enough clean water for Bac Ninh city, some residential areas in Pho Moi town, Tu Son town, Lim town, Thua town and Ho town. In addition, the agriculture and rural development sector has implemented a number of centralized domestic water supply projects, mainly for rural residential areas. Other areas are currently still using well water. This issue needs to be improved to serve the domestic water needs of the people, the production water needs of enterprises and on the other hand to ensure the needs of the people.
tourist
f/ Drainage:
Currently, there is no domestic wastewater treatment plant in the province. Bac Ninh province is investing in building a collection route and wastewater treatment plant in Bac Ninh city and Tu Son town. The remaining urban areas are using a common drainage system with rainwater, mainly using a system of covered gutters. These drains were built a long time ago and are now damaged, not ensuring rainwater drainage during the rainy season.
g/ Communication system:
Sharing the same characteristics as most other localities in the country, Bac Ninh has a strongly developed postal and telecommunications service, ensuring smooth communication. Not only that, the province's communication system continues to be modernized, with an additional investment in 1 switchboard, 17 fiber optic transmission stations to all districts and towns, 99 commune cultural post offices and 149 cultural post offices.
villages, shortening the service radius to less than 1km/service point, lower than the national average. Bac Ninh is also one of the first provinces in the country to build and put into use an electronic communication portal, electronic sales to serve the management and modernization of information services.
2.1.3 Technical infrastructure serving tourism
Technical facilities play an important role in the process of serving tourists. Technical facilities for tourism meet the needs of tourists in terms of accommodation, food, transportation, entertainment and other services... When it comes to technical facilities, we must not only evaluate the quantity but also the quality. Only with good quality can we fully meet the needs and satisfy tourists.
Accommodation: In line with the current general trend of the whole country, due to the increasing number of tourists, more hotels and motels are being built to promptly meet the needs of tourists. The tourism industry in Bac Ninh is also constantly upgrading and building new hotels and motels to serve tourists. In general, the number of hotels and motels of all economic sectors is increasing rapidly in terms of quantity, scale and method of operation. Currently, the whole province has 178 hotels and motels (with 1,792 rooms and 2,279 beds) that can be put into service for tourism business, of which 6 hotels are classified as stars (252 rooms and 346 beds).
Table 2.1 Status of accommodation facilities in Bac Ninh (2009 - 2013)
Year
2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | Increase TB | |
Total number | 63 | 71 | 62 | 103 | 119 | 128 | 121 | 142 | 158 | 178 | 11.8% |
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Current status and solutions for developing cultural tourism in Bac Ninh - 1 -
Current Status of Tourism Exploitation at Historical and Cultural Relics in Bac Ninh -
Identify Rating Levels and Rating Scales
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of the islanders. Therefore, this indicator will be divided into two sub-indicators:
a1. Natural tourism attractiveness a2. Cultural tourism attractiveness
b. Tourist capacity
The two island communes in Quan Lan have different capacities to receive tourists. Minh Chau Commune is home to many standard hotels and resorts, attracting high-income domestic and international tourists. Meanwhile, Quan Lan Commune has many motels mainly built and operated by local people, so the scale and quality are not high, and will be suitable for ordinary tourists such as students.
c. Time of exploitation of Quan Lan Island Commune:
Quan Lan tourism is seasonal due to weather and climate conditions and festivals only take place on certain days of the year, specifically in spring. In Quan Lan commune, the period from April to June and from September to November is considered the best time to visit Quan Lan because the cultural tourism activities are mainly associated with festivals taking place during this time.
Minh Chau island commune:
Tourism exploitation time is all year round, because this is a place with a number of tourist attractions with diverse ecosystems such as Bai Tu Long National Park Research Center, Tram forest, Turtle Laying Beach, so besides coming to the beach for tourism and vacation in the summer, Minh Chau will attract research groups to come for tourism combined with research at other times of the year.
d. Sustainability
The sustainability of ecotourism sites in Quan Lan and Minh Chau communes depends on the sensitivity of the ecosystems to climate changes.
landscape. In general, these tourist destinations have a fairly high level of sustainability, because they are natural ecosystems, planned and protected. However, if a large number of tourists gather at certain times, it can exceed the carrying capacity and affect the sustainability of the environment (polluted beaches, damaged trees, animals moving away from their habitats, etc.), then the sustainability of the above ecosystems (natural ecosystems, human ecosystems) will also be affected and become less sustainable.
e. Location and accessibility
Both island communes have ports to take tourists to visit from Van Don wharf:
- Quan Lan – Van Don traffic route:
Phuc Thinh – Viet Anh high-speed boat and Quang Minh high-speed boat, depart at 8am and 2pm from Van Don to Quan Lan, and at 7am and 1pm from Quan Lan to Van Don. There are also wooden boats departing at 7am and 1pm.
- Van Don - Minh Chau traffic route:
Chung Huong high-speed train, Minh Chau train, morning 7:30 and afternoon 13:30 from Van Don to Minh Chau, morning 6:30 and afternoon 13:00 from Minh Chau to Van Don.
f. Infrastructure
Despite receiving investment attention, the issue of infrastructure and technical facilities for tourism on Quan Lan Island is still an issue that needs to be resolved because it has a direct impact on the implementation of ecotourism activities. The minimum conditions for serving tourists such as accommodation, electricity, water, communication, especially medical services, and security work need to be given top priority. Ecotourism spots in Minh Chau commune are assessed to have better infrastructure and technical facilities for tourism because there are quite complete and synchronous conditions for serving tourists, meeting many needs of domestic and foreign tourists.
3.2.1.4. Determine assessment levels and assessment scales
Corresponding to the levels of each criterion, the index is the score of those levels in the order of 4, 3, 2, 1 decreasing according to the standard of each level: very attractive (4), attractive (3), average (2), less attractive (1).
3.2.1.5. Determining the coefficients of the criteria
For the assessment of DLST in the two communes of Quan Lan and Minh Chau islands, the students added evaluation coefficients to show the importance of the criteria and indicators as follows:
Coefficient 3 with criteria: Attractiveness, Exploitation time. These are the 2 most important criteria for attracting tourists to tourism in general and eco-tourism in particular, so they have the highest coefficient.
Coefficient 2 with criteria: Capacity, Infrastructure, Location and accessibility . Because the assessment area is an island commune of Van Don district, the above criteria are selected by the author with appropriate coefficients at the average level.
Coefficient 1 with criteria: Sustainability. Quan Lan has natural and human-made ecotourism sites, with high biodiversity and little impact from local human factors. Most of the ecotourism sites are still wild, so they are highly sustainable.
3.2.1.6. Results of DLST assessment on Quan Lan island
a. Assessment of the potential for natural tourism development
For Minh Chau commune:
+ Natural tourism attractiveness is determined to be very attractive (4 points) and the most important coefficient (coefficient 3), so the score of the Attractiveness criterion is 4 x 3 = 12.
+ Capacity is determined as average (2 points) and the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of Capacity criterion is 2 x 2 = 4.
+ Exploitation time is long (4 points), the most important coefficient (coefficient 3) so the score of the Exploitation time criterion is 4 x 3 = 12.
+ Sustainability is determined as sustainable (4 points), the important coefficient is the average coefficient (coefficient 1), so the score of the Sustainability criterion is 4 x 1 = 4 points
+ Location and accessibility are determined to be quite favorable (2 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), the criterion score is 2 x 2 = 4 points.
+ Infrastructure is assessed as good (3 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of the Infrastructure criterion is 3 x 2 = 6 points.
The total score for evaluating DLST in Minh Chau commune according to 6 evaluation criteria is determined as: 12 + 4 + 12 + 4 + 4 + 6 = 42 points
Similar assessment for Quan Lan commune, we have the following table:
Table 3.3: Assessment of the potential for natural ecotourism development in Quan Lan and Minh Chau communes
Attractiveness of self-tourismof course
Capacity
Mining time
Sustainability
Location and accessibility
Infrastructure
Result
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
CommuneMinh Chau
12
12
4
8
12
12
4
4
4
8
6
8
42/52
Quan CommuneLan
6
12
6
8
9
12
4
4
4
8
4
8
33/52
b. Assessment of the potential for humanistic tourism development
For Quan Lan commune:
+ The attractiveness of human tourism is determined to be very attractive (4 points) and the most important coefficient (coefficient 3), so the score of the Attractiveness criterion is 4 x 3 = 12.
+ Capacity is determined to be large (3 points) and the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of the Capacity criterion is 3 x 2 = 6.
+ Mining time is average (3 points), the most important coefficient (coefficient 3) so the score of the Mining time criterion is 3 x 3 = 9.
+ Sustainability is determined as sustainable (4 points), the important coefficient is the average coefficient (coefficient 1), so the score of the Sustainability criterion is 4 x 1 = 4 points.
+ Location and accessibility are determined to be quite favorable (2 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), the criterion score is 2 x 2 = 4 points.
+ Infrastructure is rated as average (2 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of the Infrastructure criterion is 2 x 2 = 4 points.
The total score for evaluating DLST in Quan Lan commune according to 6 evaluation criteria is determined as: 12 + 6 + 6 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 36 points.
Similar assessment with Minh Chau commune we have the following table:
Table 3.4: Assessment of the potential for developing humanistic eco-tourism in Quan Lan and Minh Chau communes
Attractiveness of human tourismliterature
Capacity
Mining time
Sustainability
Location and accessibility
Infrastructure
Result
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Quan CommuneLan
12
12
6
8
9
12
4
4
4
8
4
8
39/52
Minh CommuneChau
6
12
4
8
12
12
4
4
4
8
6
8
36/52
Basically, both Minh Chau and Quan Lan localities have quite favorable conditions for developing ecotourism. However, Quan Lan commune has more advantages to develop ecotourism in a humanistic direction, because this is an area with many famous historical relics such as Quan Lan Communal House, Quan Lan Pagoda, Temple worshiping the hero Tran Khanh Du, ... along with local festivals held annually such as the wind praying ceremony (March 15), Quan Lan festival (June 10-19); due to its location near the port and long exploitation time, the beaches in Quan Lan commune (especially Quan Lan beach) are no longer hygienic and clean to ensure the needs of tourists coming to relax and swim; this is also an area with many beautiful landscapes such as Got Beo wind pass, Ong Phong head, Voi Voi cave, but the ability to access these places is still very limited (dirt hill road, lots of gravel and rocks), especially during rainy and windy times; In addition, other natural resources such as mangrove forests and sea worms have not been really exploited for tourism purposes and ecotourism development. On the contrary, Minh Chau commune has more advantages in developing ecotourism in the direction of natural tourism, this is an area with diverse ecosystems such as at Rua De Beach, Bai Tu Long National Park Conservation Center...; Minh Chau beach is highly appreciated for its natural beauty and cleanliness, ranked in the top ten most beautiful beaches in Vietnam; Minh Chau commune is also home to Tram forest with a large area and a purity of up to 90%, suitable for building bridges through the forest (a very effective type of natural ecotourism currently applied by many countries) for tourists to sightsee, as well as for the purpose of studying and researching.
Figure 3.1: Thenmala Forest Bridge (India) Source: https://www.thenmalaecotourism.com/(August 21, 2019)
3.2.2. Using SWOT matrix to evaluate Quan Lan island tourism
General assessment of current tourism activities of Quan Lan island is shown through the following SWOT matrix:
Table 3.5: SWOT matrix evaluating tourism activities on Quan Lan island
Internal agent
Strengths- There is a lot of potential for tourism development, especially natural ecotourism and humanistic ecotourism.- The unskilled labor force is relatively abundant.- resource environmentunpolluted, still
Weaknesses- Poorly developed infrastructure, especially traffic routes to tourist destinations on the island.- The team of professional staff is still weak.- Tourism products in general
quite wild, originalintact
general and DLST in particularalone is monotonous.
External agents
Opportunity- Tourism is a key industry in the socio-economic development strategy of the province and Van Don economic zone.- Quan Lan was selected as a pilot area for eco-tourism development within the framework of the green growth project between Quang Ninh province and the Japanese organization JICA.- The flow of tourists and especially ecotourism in the world tends toincreasing
Challenge- Weather and climate change abnormally.- Competition in tourism products is increasingly fierce, especially with other localities in the province such as Ha Long, Mong Cai...- Awareness of tourists, especially domestic tourists, about ecotourism and nature conservation is not high.
Through summary analysis using SWOT matrix we see that:
To exploit strengths and take advantage of opportunities, it is necessary to:
- Diversify products and service types (build more tourism routes aimed at specific needs of tourists: experiential tourism immersed in nature, spiritual cultural tourism...)
- Effective exploitation of resources and differentiated products (natural resources and human resources)
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Applying Local Marketing in Bac Ninh Tourism Development - 2 -
Developing cultural tourism from the potential of ethnic minorities in Ninh Thuan province, the case of the Raglai ethnic group in Bac Ai district - 17
Total number of rooms | 554 | 584 | 633 | 708 | 897 | 1.103 | 1.123 | 1,382 | 1,596 | 1,792 | 14.8% |
CSLT
Source: Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism of Bac Ninh province
Due to the impact of the financial and monetary crisis in the region, it has had a significant impact on people's travel needs, leading to a decline in the tourism industry. Some accommodation businesses have changed their business model, while others have had to improve the quality of their services to survive, which explains the decline in the number of tourist accommodation establishments in the area. The quality of hotels in general has not been improved, failing to meet the increasing needs of tourists, especially business tourists. The average size is about 10 - 12 rooms/facility, and the room occupancy rate in the area in general is 34.08%.
Distribution of accommodation facilities : Uneven, mainly concentrated in Bac Ninh City (43.8%) and Tu Son District (29.2%) of the total number of existing accommodation facilities in the province; followed by Tien Du (6.2%), Que Vo District (5.6%), Luong Tai District (5.1%), Thuan Thanh District (4.5%), Gia Binh and Yen Phong Districts (2.8%).
Table 2.2 Distribution of accommodation establishments in Bac Ninh as of December 31, 2013
TT
LOCATION | Total CSLT | Total number of rooms | Total number of beds | Average room rate (VND) | Average capacity (%) | |
1 | Bac Ninh City | 78 | 926 | 1,190 | 250,000 | 39% |
Tu Son | 52 | 572 | 661 | 250,000 | 38% | |
3 | Tien Du | 11 | 94 | 97 | 200,000 | 36% |
4 | Gia Binh | 5 | 42 | 42 | 150,000 | 35% |
5 | Luong Tai | 9 | 62 | 68 | 150,000 | 35% |
6 | Thuan Thanh | 8 | 81 | 89 | 150,000 | 36% |
7 | Que Vo | 10 | 78 | 95 | 200,000 | 37% |
8 | Yen Phong | 5 | 37 | 37 | 150,000 | 38% |
Total | 178 | 1,792 | 2,279 | 187,500 | 36.8% |
2
Source: Department of Information and Communications, Bac Ninh
After re-establishment, the entire Bac Ninh province only had Suoi Hoa resort, built in the early 20th century. Over the years, most of these facilities have been degraded or damaged. In recent years, with the Party and State's policy of foreign affairs and foreign economic reform, our country's tourism industry has made encouraging progress. In the general context of the whole country, Bac Ninh tourism has made significant progress. The rapid development of the system of accommodation facilities and tourism service facilities in Tu Son, Bac Ninh has increased rapidly in both quantity and quality throughout the province.
Food and beverage establishments: Nowadays, food and beverage activities in the tourism business are as profitable as hotel business. Food and beverage establishments include restaurants, coffee shops, bars, fast food restaurants, etc. Food and beverage facilities can be located in accommodation establishments to serve the needs of eating, resting, meeting and socializing of guests staying at hotels or can be located independently outside the accommodation establishments, at tourist attractions.
tourism, in entertainment facilities... to serve tourists as well as local residents.
Currently, Bac Ninh has about 10 restaurants located in accommodation facilities with more than 800 seats, serving different dishes to meet the needs of guests. Dining facilities outside the hotel, at tourist attractions are less developed.
In addition, there are currently 15 private restaurants and eateries serving mainly Vietnamese popular dishes located in Bac Ninh city, Tu Son town... The total investment capital for the restaurant system is over 25 billion VND with a capacity of over 2,500 people. Currently, these restaurants serve a full range of traditional European and Asian specialties; specializing in chicken, bird dishes,... There are no entertainment activities to create a sense of relaxation and attraction for tourists. The interior layout of the restaurants is still simple.
Entertainment and sports facilities : Including swimming pools, tennis courts, sports centers, golf courses, massages, night clubs, casinos, dance halls, theaters, cinemas... these facilities contribute to creating attractiveness, attracting tourists and prolonging their stay, encouraging tourists' spending.
In the past, the development of sports and entertainment facilities as well as other recreational activities in Bac Ninh was still very limited, mostly limited to karaoke, massage, swimming, gym and tennis courts. Currently, Bac Ninh has 9 swimming pools, 30 tennis courts, 15 sauna - massage points and 2 gyms, karaoke rooms all located in hotels. Recreational facilities outside the hotel such as night clubs, sightseeing spots and recreational activities are also lacking.
2.1.4. Tourism resources of Bac Ninh province
With the outstanding feature of being one of the localities with the characteristics of the wet rice civilization of the Red River Delta, Bac Ninh has a very diverse and rich system of human tourism resources. Among them, the cultural and historical values and tourism development must mention the world intangible cultural heritage "Bac Ninh Quan Ho Folk Songs" and the system of historical and cultural relics, typically communal houses and pagodas.
a. Intangible cultural heritage "Bac Ninh Quan Ho folk songs"
Vietnam. Each Quan Ho song is
Quan Ho Bac Ninh folk songs are folk melodies of the Northern Delta region of Vietnam; originating in the Bac Ninh cultural region. This type of folk song mainly develops strongly along the Cau River. Quan Ho is the most melodious folk song genre in the folk song treasury.Image 2.3: Diem village festival - Ancient Quan Ho village of Bac Ninh
Source: Photographer E Bich |
has its own melody. Up to now, at least 300 quan ho songs have been recorded. The quan ho songs introduced are only a part of the treasure trove of quan ho folk songs that have been discovered. The archive of tapes recording thousands of ancient quan ho songs sung by artists in quan ho villages is still kept at the Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism of the two provinces of Bac Ninh and Bac Giang.
On September 30, 2009, at the 4th session of the UNESCO Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage (from September 28 to October 2, 2009), Bac Ninh Quan Ho folk songs, along with Ca Tru, were recognized as intangible cultural heritage.