THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY
UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
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LE THANH TUNG
SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN BAC NINH PROVINCE
DOCTORAL THESIS IN ECONOMICS
THAI NGUYEN - 2021
THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY
UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
LE THANH TUNG
SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN BAC NINH PROVINCE
Major: Economic Management Code: 9.34.04.10
DOCTORAL THESIS IN ECONOMICS
Scientific guidance: 1 Associate Professor, Dr. Dang Thi Phuong Hoa
2 Dr. Dam Thanh Thuy
THAI NGUYEN - 2021
COMMITMENT
I hereby certify that this is my own research work, the research results presented in the thesis are honest, objective and have never been defended for any degree.
I certify that any help received in preparing this thesis, and all sources used, have been fully acknowledged in this thesis.
Date month year 2021
Thesis author
THANK YOU
The author expresses his gratitude to the scientific supervisor and those who have helped or encouraged him during the research and writing of the thesis.
INDEX
COMMITMENT i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS iii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS vii
LIST OF TABLES viii
LIST OF CHARTS, FIGURES x
INTRODUCTION 1
1. Urgency of the topic 1
2. Research objective 3
3. Research object and scope 3
4. Scientific and practical significance of the thesis topic 4
5. New contributions of thesis 4
6. Structure of the thesis 5
Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF STUDIES ON SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT 6
1.1. Overview of research works on tourism development 6
1.1.2. Studies on sustainable local tourism development 8
1.1.3. Studies on sustainable tourism development 12
1.1.4. Overview of research works on factors affecting development
sustainable tourism development 14
1.1.5. Studies on sustainable tourism business development 19
1.1.6. Studies on sustainable tourism development management 22
1.1.7. General assessment of research works on tourism development and
sustainable tourism development 25
1.2. Identifying research gaps 27
1.2.1. Content gaps in tourism development research 27
1.2.2. Methodological gaps in tourism development research 28
CHAPTER 1 CONCLUSION 30
Chapter 2: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL BASIS OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT 31
2.1. Theoretical basis for sustainable tourism development 31
2.1.1. Concepts related to topic 31
2.1.2. The role of sustainable tourism development in a locality from the perspective of economic management 36
2.1.3. Content of sustainable tourism development in the locality 37
2.1.4. Factors affecting sustainable tourism development 40
2.2. Practical basis for sustainable tourism development 46
2.2.1. Experience in sustainable tourism development of some countries in the world 46
2.2.2. Experience in sustainable tourism development of some localities in Vietnam 57
2.3. Lessons applied to sustainable tourism development in Bac Ninh province 66
2.3.1. Lessons from the world's experience in sustainable tourism development 66
2.3.2. Lessons from tourism development experience in some localities of Vietnam 68
CHAPTER 2 CONCLUSION 70
Chapter 3: RESEARCH METHODS 72
3.1. Research question 72
3.2. Research model of factors affecting tourism development in the province
Bac Ninh 72
3.3. Research approach and analytical framework 74
3.3.1. Research approach 74
3.3.2. Analytical framework 77
3.4. Method of selecting research sites and survey samples 80
3.4.1. Selecting research points 80
3.4.2. Selecting a survey sample 80
3.5. Information collection method 83
3.5.1. Secondary information collection 83
3.5.2 Primary information collection 84
3.5. Methods of information processing and analysis 85
3.5.1. Information processing method 85
3.5.2. Information analysis method 85
3.6. Research indicator system 92
3.6.1. Group of indicators used to study tourist satisfaction 92
3.6.2. Group of indicators to assess tourism growth and structure 92
3.6.3. Group of indicators for evaluating business efficiency 93
3.6.4. Sustainability assessment indicators group 96
3.6.5. Group of indicators to assess factors hindering sustainable tourism development 97
Chapter 4: CURRENT STATE OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN BAC NINH PROVINCE 98
4.1. Natural, economic and social characteristics of Bac Ninh province 98
4.1.1. Natural features 98
4.1.2. Socio-economic characteristics 99
4.1.3. Some socio-economic indicators of Bac Ninh province and compared to the whole country 103
4.2. Current status of tourism development in Bac Ninh province 104
4.2.1. The process of formation and development of tourism in Bac Ninh province 104
4.2.2. Tourism economy in the economic structure of Bac Ninh province 105
4.2.3. Current status of exploitation and use of tourism resources in Bac Ninh province 107
4.2.4. Current status of planning and sustainable local tourism development in Bac Ninh province 114
4.2.5. Current status of sustainable tourism development in Bac Ninh province 119
4.2.6. Current status of sustainable tourism business development in Bac Ninh province 125
4.3. Analysis of factors affecting sustainable tourism development in Bac Ninh province 129
4.3.1. Evaluation criteria and variables 129
4.3.2. Analysis of factors affecting sustainable tourism development in Bac Ninh province 131
4.4. Analysis of factors hindering sustainable tourism development in Bac Ninh province 139
4.4.1. Region 1 - North of Duong River 139
4.4.2. Region 2 - South of Duong River 141
4.5. General assessment of sustainable tourism development in Bac Ninh province 142
4.5.1. Achievements 142
4.5.2. Difficulties, limitations and causes 144
CHAPTER 4 CONCLUSION 152
Chapter 5: SOLUTIONS TO PROMOTE SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN BAC NINH PROVINCE 154
5.1. International and domestic context affecting tourism development in Bac Ninh province 154
5.2. Viewpoints, orientations and goals for sustainable tourism development in Bac Ninh province..157
5.2.1. Perspectives on sustainable tourism development in Bac Ninh province 157
5.2.2. Orientation and goals for sustainable tourism development in Bac Ninh province 159
5.3. Solutions to promote sustainable tourism development in Bac Ninh province 166
5.3.1. General solution 166
5.3.2. Key solutions 169
5.3.3. Specific solutions for each region 172
5.4. Some recommendations 176
5.4.1. For the government 176
5.4.2. For Bac Ninh province 176
5.4.3. For tourism management agencies 176
5.4.4. For tourism service establishments 176
5.4.5. For local communities in tourist areas and tourist attractions 177
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION 178
CONCLUSION 180
LIST OF RESEARCH WORKS 183
LIST OF REFERENCES 184
APPENDIX 199