Some Key Solutions to Promote Positive Changes and Limit Negative Changes of Socialist Production Relations in

Conditions for other relationships to develop must be oriented toward socialism. The actual development of our country's production system in recent years has required this in the following years.

To build a production relationship suitable to the level of the production forces, we must first determine the correct level of the production forces. After 30 years of innovation, the production force in our country has made many advances, along with the process of industrialization and modernization, science and technology are increasingly being put into production. The socialist production forces in our country, whose core are state-owned economic groups, have modernized, forming large economic groups with modern machinery and technology playing a key role. of the economy, enough to dominate and lead other types of production relations and enough to compete with foreign countries in the process of international integration such as: Military Telecommunications Group, Electricity Group, Postal Group telecommunications, Textile and Garment Group, Rubber Group...

These corporations have invested thousands of billions of dong in purchasing machinery and applying modern science and technology in production and business, on par with other countries in the region and the world. For example, Viettel Military Telecommunications Group and Vinamilk Dairy Corporation have been able to compete successfully with foreign companies at home but also invest abroad to dominate the market... Therefore, production relations must also be innovated accordingly. To have progressive production relations, consistent with the high level of development of the production force: we must synchronously innovate production relations on all three aspects; ownership of means of production, organizational management relationships and labor product distribution relationships so that production relationships create conditions and areas for production forces to develop to bring productivity, quality and high economic efficiency. To implement this rule well we need to:

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Firstly , develop state ownership so that it reduces quantity and increases quality. Owners' representative agencies in state-owned enterprises need to be brought together to make it easier to manage and adapt to the market mechanism. socialist orientation.

Second , build a new management mechanism according to a socialist-oriented market economy. In the economy of all types of businesses, economic sectors both cooperate and compete equally before the law.

Third , diversify distribution forms to suit the level of the currently developed production force.

Fourth , we must focus on key and important sectors and fields of the economy to lead and create conditions for other relationships to develop and regulate the macro economy.

Fifth , for the collective economy, because the production force is still low and capacity is limited, it is necessary to thoroughly comply with the principles: voluntariness, equality, democracy, openness, and transparency in conclusions. Enroll cooperative members into cooperatives. Strictly implement the 2012 Law on Cooperatives, ensure mutual assistance, cooperation, and mutual help of cooperative members, and enhance community in cooperatives. for the benefit of the members as well as the cooperative.

4.2. SOME KEY SOLUTIONS TO PROMOTE POSITIVE CHANGES AND LIMIT NEGATIVE CHANGES IN SOCIALIST PRODUCTION RELATIONS IN VIETNAM CURRENTLY

4.2.1. Ownership solutions

* As for the ownership of socialist production relations expressed in the state economy

In production relations, the ownership relationship over means of production plays the most decisive role, it governs other production relations such as; team relationship

organization, production management and distribution relationships of manufactured products. Therefore, to promote the positive changes of socialist production relations, we first need to innovate ownership relations in the state economy.

To innovate the state economy to consolidate socialist relations of production, it is necessary to: Innovate the operations of state-owned enterprises . Because state-owned enterprises are an important and core part of the state economy. Our Party always affirms that the state economy plays a leading role in the socialist-oriented multi-sector economy. For state-owned enterprises to properly carry out their role of leading, supporting, and creating conditions for enterprises of other economic sectors to operate and develop.

Innovating the ownership relationship of state-owned enterprises requires good implementation of the following solutions:

Firstly , the State needs to clearly identify the owners of state-owned enterprises.

Although there has been a decentralization of representation of state owners in state-owned enterprises according to Decree 99/2012/ND-CP, the apparatus representing state owners in agencies and organizations The state as the superior of state-owned enterprises is still complex, has many focal points, and is difficult to unify.

Therefore, there is often a situation of loss of equity in state-owned enterprises, due to embezzlement and corruption, because there are too many agencies acting as owners, including: the Prime Minister for corporations. , ministries and branches each are in charge of an area... therefore, when capital loss occurs, no one is really responsible, making public ownership seem "ownerless", a situation of "fatherlessness". In general, no one cries." Therefore, for state-owned enterprises to operate effectively, we must have an agency that represents the people as the owner and is responsible to the people for their finances.

assets in state-owned enterprises. Only then can we overcome previous limitations and promote state-owned enterprises to develop as the core of the state's economy.

In our opinion, to overcome the current situation of overlapping, complicated, and multiple owners in state-owned enterprises, we need to establish a specialized agency to represent the owners of state-owned enterprises. under the control of Congress. The 12th Party Congress also affirmed: "Early abolish the function of representing state ownership of ministries and People's Committees with respect to state capital and assets in enterprises. Establish a specialized agency to represent the owner of state-owned enterprises" [34, p.106].

Only then will state ownership be brought into one relationship. The National Assembly, the highest power agency of the state, on behalf of the people, supervises this owner and the owner's representative agency must bear responsibility. responsible to parliament for its ownership role.

Second, reducing state ownership, state-owned enterprises need to focus on essential and important industries and fields .

Currently, the ownership of state-owned enterprises in the economy is still very large, "accounting for 39.75% of the investment capital of the entire society" [148, p.297] but the investment efficiency is not high. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce state ownership in the economy. The state should only maintain state ownership in key sectors and areas of the economy; other areas need to promote shares to allow other economic sectors to invest and develop.

It is necessary to maintain state-owned enterprises in fields related to national defense and security, industries that provide public services for social security, and provide basic goods for the economy. The field of research and implementation of new scientific and technological advances is of a pervasive nature. State-owned enterprises should gradually withdraw from these

fields and industries in which non-state enterprises are able to participate and are operating well, in order to enhance market competitiveness, and at the same time the State can also recover part of the capital reserved for development investment. development.

Third , promote equitization of state-owned enterprises to socialize state ownership.

Currently, the equitization process is still slow "in the period 2011 - 2015, the country only equitized 478 units, the level of equitization is still low, in most enterprises equitized at a high rate." State ownership still accounts for over 50%” [38, p.10]. Equitization of state-owned enterprises is to attract social capital into the production and business activities of state-owned enterprises, creating a change in the ownership of means of production, thereby creating motivation for production process. In the coming years, it is necessary to promote equitization of state-owned enterprises. This is a key task in state-owned enterprise reform as the 12th Party Congress affirmed: "Promote divestment of non-core investment, equitization and sale of state capital in non-core state-owned enterprises." need to be held according to market mechanisms” [34, p.291].

In the process of equitizing state-owned enterprises, it is necessary to identify two types of enterprises: enterprises with state capital accounting for a majority of over 51% and enterprises in which state capital does not need to account for a controlling proportion of less than 50%. . For important fields and industries in the economy such as banking, finance, insurance,... social security, the state needs to maintain controlling ownership of >51%, in order to orient and regulate the economy. In fact, with unimportant industries and fields, it is necessary to promote equitization of state-owned enterprises.

Fourth , strengthen links and joint ventures between state-owned enterprises and other economic sectors to form mixed ownership.

Associations and joint ventures aim to create motivation for state-owned enterprises to develop, to diversify ownership in state-owned enterprises, to attract capital to state-owned enterprises, to create changes in ownership, thereby creating motivation. power for production and business.

To attract resources for state-owned enterprises to develop such as capital, modern science and technology, organizational and management experience, state-owned enterprises need to strengthen links with other economic sectors. especially foreign enterprises, which we previously called state capitalist economies. Foreign enterprises belonging to developed capitalist countries have strong potential in terms of capital, high science and technology and experience in organizing and managing production in modern industry, thus allowing state-owned enterprises to develop. To develop effectively, we need to strengthen links in fields such as: infrastructure construction because it requires large capital, information technology, assembly of cars, motorbikes, shipbuilding...

* For socialist production relations, it represents collective economy

Cooperative economy (Cooperative) is a form of voluntary association of workers, combining collective strength with the strength of each member to more effectively solve production and business problems. and life.

A cooperative is a collective economic organization with co-ownership, legal status, and is voluntarily established by at least 7 members who cooperate and support each other in production, business, and job creation activities. to meet the common needs of members, on the basis of autonomy, self-responsibility, equality and democracy in cooperative management [115].

The cooperative economy is not only to help small producers be competitive and resist the oppression of large businesses, but in the long run, along with the state economy, it becomes the foundation of the national economy. Cooperative economic development not only has economic purposes, but also has social goals:

jobs, income, hunger eradication, poverty reduction, mutual support, helping each other in life . In the coming time, it is necessary to promote cooperative economic development according to the following solutions:

- Respect the principles of equality and co-ownership in cooperatives.

This is the essence of collective ownership, showing the difference compared to other economic sectors. To implement this principle according to the 2012 Law on New Type Cooperatives, it is necessary to comply with the principle that the capital contribution of members of the cooperative must not exceed 20% of the cooperative's charter capital so that no one has ownership rights. primary ownership and decisions that are based on collective decisions. In case it is necessary to mobilize capital, cooperatives can mobilize capital from members to expand production and business based on the consensus of members.

- Clearly distinguish two types of assets in cooperatives to avoid overlap: divided assets and undivided assets.

Undivided assets include: Land use rights when the state allocates land, leases land, non-refundable state support subsidies, and appropriations for development investment funds. Divided assets include other assets according to law such as capital contributed to production and business. Determining the distinction between these two types of assets is to create consensus, avoid disputes within the cooperative and help the cooperative develop.

- Promote propaganda and education so that people clearly understand the rights and benefits of joining cooperatives. Promote propaganda and extensive legal education among the people and officials about the role and position of new-style cooperatives, about the content of the law on cooperatives, making all people understand carefully follow the provisions of law, voluntarily choose when establishing a Cooperative. Organize training and fostering knowledge about law and new-style cooperative management for cooperative management staff.

4.2.2. Solutions for organization and management

To promote the development of socialist relations of production, it is necessary to synchronously implement the following solutions:

* For socialist production relations expressed in the state economy Firstly , it is necessary to eliminate subsidies in state-owned enterprises and private enterprises.

State-owned enterprises completely switched to an equal market mechanism with other economic sectors.

Up to now, with the view that the state economy plays a leading role in the national economy, we have had many incentives for state-owned enterprises compared to other economic sectors in terms of; Access to bank capital, when making losses, the state can freeze, reschedule, or even write off debt. Therefore, it has created dependence on the state and ineffective operation of state-owned enterprises and created inequality between types of production relationships. The Party and State affirm that all economic sectors and all types of businesses are equal before the law, therefore we must abolish the "ask and give" mechanism, a remnant of the subsidy period with state-owned enterprises. thereby creating motivation for state-owned enterprises to develop. State incentives for state-owned enterprises must be eliminated. State-owned enterprises must operate according to market mechanisms and compete equally with others. other economic sectors in the economy. Only eliminating subsidies in state-owned enterprises will create conditions for state-owned enterprises to rise, do business effectively, contribute to the state budget, and lead. , supporting other economic sectors to develop.

Second, the State needs to clearly define two types of state-owned enterprises: State-owned enterprises operate for socio-political goals and state-owned enterprises operate for profit purposes.

State-owned enterprises always have two tasks: production and business and political and social tasks. State-owned enterprises outside of production functions

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