Solutions to Promote the Positive Sides and Limit the Negative Effects of Urbanization

urban infrastructure, convenient road traffic, no traffic jams and limited environmental pollution.

Increase public awareness of the importance of the environment to health and quality of life. Actively implement propaganda measures to encourage the community to use clean fuels in daily life instead of fuels that pollute the air and domestic water sources. Prioritize the development of public transport, especially modern, non-polluting public transport. It is necessary to consider the development of public transport as a key solution to reduce the risk of traffic congestion and urban environmental pollution. It can be said that spontaneous urbanization without scientific planning will give rise to and leave many negative and long-term consequences, hindering the country's development.

3.2. SOLUTIONS TO PROMOTE THE POSITIVE ASPECTS AND LIMIT THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF URBANIZATION

3.2.1. General solution

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 Planning the district's economic development towards industrialization, modernization and commodity production.

 Link economic growth indicators with social progress and equity indicators in planning development and implementation.

 Promote and effectively use all endogenous resources, attract maximum external resources for socio-economic development in the District.

 District planning must be consistent with the general planning of Thai Nguyen province.

 Socio-economic development planning must be closely combined with landscape protection and regeneration, ecological environment, and national defense and security of the District.

 Prepare a workforce that ensures both quantity and quality to meet the requirements of the training process.

3.2.2. Specific solutions

3.2.2.1. Main solutions to improve the economic life of farmers who have lost agricultural land in urbanized areas

Urbanization has a great impact on the socio-economic development of farming households. Through studying the economic development situation of farming households, I realized that in order to improve the lives of farming households in the context of strong urbanization, it is necessary to solve many problems synchronously. Within the framework of the thesis, we only focus on studying some main issues; on the one hand, to overcome the negative impacts, on the other hand, to promote the positive impacts of the urbanization process on household economic development. The following are some main solutions directly related to farming households, specifically:

Changing production thinking

This is very important for farming households that have lost land in urbanized areas. Because in fact, the production method depends entirely on the means of production. So when the means of production change, the production thinking of households also needs to change accordingly. If in the past, households could focus mainly on cultivation, then after the land acquisition process, the land area decreased rapidly, so households need to carefully analyze their available resources to find a new production direction. Suppose that households can switch from main cultivation to livestock (such as pigs, chickens, buffaloes, cows or fish...), or switch to a secondary industry, or switch to service business... Or suppose that households still determine cultivation as the main activity, then the crop structure should be more suitable (should focus on crops with high economic value and not too long growth cycle). In short, the choice of a new production direction depends on the characteristics and actual conditions of the household.

Focus on investing capital effectively

When resources are reduced, households need to think and calculate carefully before making investments. Avoid investing indiscriminately without a clear purpose because the efficiency of such investments is very low. Therefore, households can research and learn to focus on investing capital in crops (tea trees, fruit trees, etc.) and livestock (pigs, chickens, cows, goats, etc.) with high economic value. Although it is known that determining effective capital investment is not simple. To do this, households need to research and learn from the experiences of good farmers in the locality or from other localities.

Application of science and technology in production

Increasing the application of new science and technology in production is a necessary requirement for farming households whose land has been recovered. The area of agricultural land has decreased, households can either change the direction of production or can keep it the same. If changing to a new direction of production, it is obvious that learning and applying science is indispensable. Or keeping the same direction of production, households are forced to change their crop structure. The ultimate goal that all households aim for is to have a constantly increasing income. There are many reasons to increase income, but the most important can be said to be the application of scientific and technological advances to increase labor productivity and improve product quality.

Improve labor quality

The reduction in agricultural land area is the main reason for the surplus of labor in households. So the question is how to solve the surplus of labor in those farming households? Actually, this is a very complicated problem but it is not impossible to solve it.

decision. In most localities where land is recovered, these enterprises often commit to giving priority to a number of workers in families whose land is recovered locally. However, this workforce must have certain skills to be able to meet specific jobs. Another thing, as analyzed in the first part, is that households must have a change in production thinking. Sending their children to vocational training is also one of the directions that households should pay attention to. We know that as society develops, the requirements for labor quality are increasingly higher. When workers have a certain level of skill, they can completely find a suitable job with a relatively stable income.

In short, farmers need to be proactive and bold in shifting crop structure or changing production orientation to suit the actual conditions of the region as well as the specific characteristics of each household. Only then will the focus on capital investment bring high efficiency, creating conditions to improve the lives (both material and spiritual) of landless farmers in particular and farmers in general.

3.2.2.2. Group of solutions related to the district

* Master plan

Talking about urban construction and development must be closely linked to the overall planning. That is, it is necessary to divide specific zones and focus on urban and industrial areas to avoid building a little bit in each place, which not only destroys the overall landscape but also causes agricultural production to be dispersed. Such concentrated construction is also convenient for treating wastewater from urban areas. Therefore, it partly limits its impact on people's health.

* Investment attraction solutions

- Promote and innovate investment promotion methods to attract large investors to invest in the district. However, it is also necessary to appraise and select projects that are suitable for the local situation, such as projects with large investment capital, advanced technology, high feasibility, low environmental pollution, etc. Seek the consensus and support of all levels, sectors, and businesses in the area to effectively attract investment.

- Focus on directing the site clearance for investment projects to speed up the progress of site handover to investors. Urge investors to speed up the progress of investment in industrial park infrastructure, tourism and service projects to serve investment promotion.

- Increase investment in infrastructure to serve economic development and attract investment such as: Roads, electricity, water supply, vocational training... Especially for industrial parks such as projects: Road DT 261 with 2 lanes in the form of BT; Road DT 274 from Pho Co to Dac Son commune; Water supply system of Nam Pho Yen Industrial Park; Road connecting the new National Highway 3 with National Highway 37...

- Strengthen state management in the area, inspect the production and business situation of enterprises, strictly handle enterprises that cause environmental pollution, labor safety, etc.

- Promote administrative procedure reform, training and fostering of officials, especially agencies, units and officials involved in handling procedures for investors and officials performing investment attraction work.

- Continue to effectively carry out information and propaganda work for the people about investment attraction and investment attraction projects so that people can understand and support, creating a favorable investment environment in the district.

- Regularly organize meetings between investors and local authorities to build more favorable policy mechanisms.

for investors, making investors feel secure to invest and develop production and business in the area.

- Develop a project on vocational training for people, especially for people who have lost agricultural land to create conditions for sustainable socio-economic development. Build the district's vocational training center into a provincial vocational training school.

- Have reasonable policies for agriculture, rural areas and farmers to ensure sustainable development, food security, increase investment in social infrastructure such as: roads, cultural houses, medical stations, schools, electricity... Especially, there must be priority policies for areas where people have their land recovered and resettled.

- Implement social policies well, maintain political security and social order and safety in the area.

* Labor and employment solutions

The most worrying issue for workers in Pho Yen district at present and in the coming period is the decrease in cultivated land affecting their jobs and lives. Urbanization has forced farmers to lose land or reduce agricultural land, leaving many farmers unemployed.

In order to attract unemployed workers due to land loss, it is necessary to pay attention to implementing some immediate measures:

Firstly, the province and district need to have policies to create favorable conditions for production facilities such as preferential loans, tax exemptions, and support in finding markets for products. There should be policies to support training and vocational training so that the traditional blacksmithing profession does not disappear. Or the district can open training classes and improve skills for local workers.

Second, vocational training is needed not only for workers who have lost their land but also for the future working class. In the coming time, it is necessary to focus on vocational training, specifically, it is necessary to increase investment in commune vocational training centers to achieve the best efficiency. Continue to socialize and diversify vocational training activities. Local authorities need to cooperate with businesses that can prioritize recruiting these trained workers. The government should set out a policy that if the locality employs local workers, it will support the cost. In addition, vocational schools need to meet the standards set by businesses. Therefore, vocational schools also need to cooperate with businesses: businesses send teachers to support teaching, students at vocational schools can go to practice at businesses. Allocate a portion of the money from converting land use purposes to local vocational schools to improve the quality of vocational training and partially support tuition fees for children of families whose land has been recovered.

Third, for workers who are past the age of vocational training and have lost their land, it is necessary to encourage them to move to the service and handicraft industries with appropriate forms.

* Solutions to environmental pollution

The production process as well as people's lives are closely related to the environment, especially water and air. Therefore, to solve the problem of water pollution, it is necessary to have a plan to concentrate industrial zones, residential areas, and build a scientific drainage system to facilitate wastewater treatment.

For enterprises that do not comply with the regulations on wastewater treatment set forth by the locality, the enterprise must pay certain economic penalties or administrative procedures (such as after being disseminated but later

If after 3 months the company still does not comply with the wastewater treatment standards, it will be required to temporarily suspend production and business activities.

Not only that, the issue of people's awareness is also very important. Therefore, it is necessary to raise awareness among people so that they are more aware of protecting water resources and the air where they live. And the district government also needs to upgrade and renew the sewer system as well as build wastewater treatment plants for people as well as for industrial parks and urban areas.

In addition, it is necessary to regularly monitor the water pollution caused by newly built industrial zones, requiring them to have measures to treat wastewater before releasing it into the environment. This requires coordination with relevant agencies and units.

3.2.2.3. Solutions from the State

* On state management in general:

+ Focus on implementing with increasing efficiency mechanisms and policies in the fields of: planning, zoning, investment management, construction, budget management, administrative management, land management and use, market management, and social fields.

+ Implement well the policy of using and rewarding knowledge, respecting and honoring talents, creating conditions for intellectuals in the province to actively participate in solving socio-economic development tasks.

+ Improve legal education and management assistance for the poor.

* On agricultural extension policy and science and technology transfer

Through practical surveys, it is shown that there are still many households that have not grasped the forms of science and technology, doing things based on intuition, and being used to a general and superficial way. Improving the level of science and technology for farmers is extremely necessary, especially in

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