The process of perfecting policies to promote the development of craft villages in Bac Ninh province from 1997 to 2003 - current situation, experience and solutions

Information on science and technology needs to be strengthened, including the establishment of an online science and technology market. The information system must be updated fully and regularly, increasing utility tools, accompanying services such as technology consulting services, technology brokerage, towards the direction of creating professional services. Expanding the leasing activities of science and technology products such as; leasing the operation of machinery, equipment or technology by service contracts, buying or selling in the form of installment payments of science and technology products.

The State needs to research and issue policies to form and develop technology appraisal and assessment services, with plans to gradually shift the tasks from State organizations to the private sector to increase competitiveness and improve the quality of science and technology projects.

Establish technology transfer consulting centers in developing industrial zones to disseminate knowledge and skills, support vocational training, provide information, and support the transfer of new technologies to production and business establishments in industrial zones. Research on the formation of other types of capital support other than investment in science and technology such as Venture Capital Funds, Technology Innovation Research Support Funds, etc.

- Thoroughly reform the system of science and technology organizations: the reform direction is to have an urgent roadmap in converting public science and technology organizations to non-public types. In particular, some basic research organizations, research and development organizations in the public interest and policy research fields need to study the transition to an operating mechanism according to orders, the State purchases public services provided by these organizations. In addition to converting the formation and operating mechanism, many other policy mechanisms also need to be completed synchronously such as: applying a competitive mechanism to provide investment and spending for implementing science and technology tasks,

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Encourage commercialization of research results, tax exemptions from research activities applying scientific and technological advances of scientific and technological organizations and scientists to practical applications in the fields.

3.3.7. Policy on training and human resource development

The quality of human resources is of great significance to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises. In order to exploit and promote the highest labor and creative capacity of workers in enterprises, policies and mechanisms on training and development of human resources need to focus on perfecting according to some of the following basic solutions:

- The province needs to soon conduct research, evaluate and classify the labor force in the LNs and neighboring areas at present. Through the current situation of quantity, quality of labor resources and current labor use in production and business households, enterprises, cooperatives... to determine the direction of consolidating and increasing the quality of labor resources, at the same time having an orientation for labor distribution associated with the use of other resources suitable for qualifications, health and production and business requirements in the LNs at present. On the other hand, from this research and evaluation, localities can make plans and projects for the reasonable use of specialized labor, auxiliary labor and seasonal labor to overcome the surplus, shortage of labor and the tension of surplus labor in rural areas and LNs, at the same time to have measures to build and regulate the labor market in LNs, creating favorable conditions for development to meet the production needs of LNs in both quantity and quality.

- Renewing state investment in labor training: it is necessary to clearly define the goals of vocational training and practice in accordance with the needs of industries in the LN. The province should study to implement a system of granting certificates of professional qualifications to workers, separate from training certificates in schools, to promote the spirit of professional labor in society in general and in the LN in particular. The province also needs to have a policy to restructure the system.

Public vocational training today so that these establishments have both facilities, technology, teachers with professional knowledge and skills suitable for the requirements of vocational training for workers in the LN, and the ability to train teachers for private training establishments and enterprises. Encourage investors, especially enterprises, to invest in the vocational training sector. Open the door wide for foreign investors to enter the labor training market in our country. In addition to tax incentives, it is possible to provide initial funding or prioritize land allocation for training projects. The State prioritizes investment in the stages of promulgating regional training standards and monitoring the training process towards those standards. Encourage domestic training organizations to cooperate in training with foreign organizations to quickly improve training quality. The State also needs to provide reasonable funding for people studying abroad.

- Establish and improve human resource service centers in rural areas to provide information on employment for workers, helping them find jobs that match their qualifications and professional abilities, control the enforcement of labor laws in production and business establishments in rural areas to ensure workers' rights, develop programs and organize training for production and business owners, business owners and workers. Local authorities at all levels need to combine organization and training to improve the capacity of household and business owners in culture, science and technology, knowledge of business administration and market through forms such as: training at centers, opening short-term training courses, opening director clubs so that they can both learn from experience and find partners, joint ventures, etc. These are forms that the province needs to strongly encourage development, meeting the needs of the LNs in consulting and solving difficulties beyond the ability of enterprises to solve, thereby improving knowledge for business owners and production and business household owners in the LNs in the province.

- Policy to encourage diversification of vocational training forms for workers in many different sectors and levels based on planning for the need for trained labor in each occupation of the LNs. First of all, it is necessary to encourage owners of traditional craft establishments to organize and conduct traditional vocational training for workers. The State needs to have policies to facilitate procedures for opening establishments and training classes, exempt income tax for traditional vocational training activities, create favorable conditions for land areas..., encourage the development of vocational training forms in production for workers suitable to the characteristics of traditional occupations in the locality. The province also needs to increase the organization of classes and invite artisans and skilled workers in the LNs and other places to teach vocational skills in the traditional way. Vocational training centers in districts need to promote their role in training traditional occupations, and at the same time, they also help change occupations for workers who have lost their jobs in agriculture due to land acquisition due to urbanization and the development of industrial zones and clusters. Develop private vocational training centers to increase the number of skilled workers to meet the needs of expanding and developing small-scale enterprises. Cooperate with universities or research institutes to open classes for students who are workers in small-scale enterprises, help them improve their technical and artistic skills, and guide them to create beautiful, diverse, and highly aesthetic product designs. On the other hand, through associations and development funds, open classes and create funding sources for training human resources in small-scale enterprises. The province needs to have policies to attract, reward and provide incentives for artisans and skilled workers who actively and effectively participate in vocational training activities. It is necessary to standardize and periodically organize the review, recognition and award of noble titles, as well as worthy material rewards to artisans, skilled workers, talented businessmen who produce many high-quality products, export a lot, and those who have invented, improved machinery, equipment and production technology to serve the development of the industry.

- Supplement and perfect policies and measures to strengthen state management of labor and employment: employment training policies for workers must be linked to training and human resource development policies in the LN areas. Training and human resource development programs must be integrated into socio-economic development projects in the LN areas and jobs must be created for workers in the LN areas, especially in LN industrial parks and clusters.

The policy of lending capital from the national fund for job creation, the target program for hunger eradication and poverty reduction, agricultural and industrial promotion programs... for rural workers in general and in the LNs in particular must be simultaneously linked with technical and professional training for workers through training contracts with training institutions. Develop a policy of vocational training and job creation for people in areas where land has been recovered so that they have the opportunity to work at enterprises and production and business establishments and households in the LNs. Gradually form appropriate mechanisms and forms for retraining, advanced training, and regular knowledge and skills supplement for rural workers in general and the LNs in particular. The training network must meet the general and convenient needs of retraining and advanced training of all workers in the LNs and neighboring areas in need. Retraining and advanced training must cover all levels of training, especially professional and technical workers.

On the other hand, the province needs to have policies to quickly train cadres and human resources in the LNs to serve international economic integration. To integrate effectively and participate equally in the common "playing field" of the world economy, it is required that the LNs have a team of cadres who understand the regulations of international institutions and have professional qualifications in commerce and foreign languages. Training and fostering this team of cadres includes both new training and advanced training in all aspects of expertise, foreign languages, and domestic and international legal systems for use in international negotiations as well as implementing domestic commitments.

3.3.8. Environmental protection policy of craft villages

Environmental issues are one of the decisive conditions for sustainable development. Environmental protection policies in the LNs are an inseparable part of the LN development policy. Some solutions that need to be further improved and implemented are:

- Develop and perfect a synchronous environmental pollution prevention policy.

In addition to general laws, it is necessary to develop and complete sub-law documents, especially regulations on environmental protection in a locality or in a specific field of activity, regulations on regimes, rules, and organizations for environmental protection management and sustainable development.

First, it is necessary to complete policies on pollution taxes and environmental fees. Polluters must pay the costs of pollution control, environmental cleaning or compensation for those who suffer from pollution. This is a combination of management measures and economic measures to resolve the conflict between polluters and those who suffer from pollution. On the other hand, resource users must pay, that is, the cost of responsibility left by current consumers for future users. In each locality, it is possible to determine the quantity, scale, technological process, industry... of the LN, from which it is possible to determine the level of pollution to each factor of the surrounding environment. Through that, it is possible to build criteria, tax rates, and fees appropriate to each type of LN. For example, for paper production LN, taxes and fees are built according to the amount of wastewater or environmental taxes according to different production scales and technologies.

Second , it is necessary to develop a detailed pollution control process for each type of industry: wood industry, ceramic industry, bronze industry, iron and steel industry, food processing industry... through identifying target groups.

similar pollution of each type of industry to use legal management tools to implement small-scale experiments for each type of industry, deploy information systems combined with reasonable inspection regimes for each industry, build background quality indicators for polluted air and water areas in industrial areas, have appropriate reform processes and procedures in licensing and environmental inspection, ensure strict compliance with each industry, promote internal capacities of each industry, promote community support for each meaningful action suitable for each industry...

Third is to develop regulations on the regime and rules for environmental management and protection. Organize the functions, tasks, and working methods of the state environmental management system, clearly define the responsibilities and tasks of each sector and level in environmental protection, especially separate institutions for grassroots authorities, promote self-management responsibilities as well as coordination institutions between functional agencies in environmental protection...

- Planning and construction of LN industrial park meeting environmental standards:

Currently, Bac Ninh still lacks a master plan model specifically for the LN industrial park. To fundamentally change environmental issues as well as economic efficiency of LN, this solution is the most effective. In fact, many LN industrial parks have been formed, but there are still many patchwork and limitations, including economic efficiency as well as the environment that have not been thoroughly handled. To build a plan that meets environmental standards, it is necessary to solve and remove some current shortcomings as follows:

+ Households live in mixed production areas, even producing right in their living areas. In addition, the production and display areas are mixed, making production and trade ineffective.

+ Production and business methods in the LNs are still scattered and individual, making it difficult to commercialize products throughout the region. Households in the village must

mobilizing to find consumption sources through its own channels is not very effective compared to the real potential of all LNs.

+ The planning issue is not only limited to the architectural layout but is related to the planning issue of the production and trade strategy of the whole region and is not simply the sum of the markets of the dispersed industrial zones.

+ There is no separate collection and treatment of concentrated waste for industrial zones. This not only affects the health of workers and residents in the area but also hinders long-term production and business development. In reality, current temporary solutions only contribute to moving waste from one place to another, further away from residential areas, but do not completely treat it.

Therefore, the objectives or criteria for planning and constructing LN industrial parks that must be followed are:

+ Promote local economic development, create all favorable conditions for production, trade and service activities of households and businesses of LN;

+ Bringing the image of a LN industrial park that is both spacious and ancient, suitable for the criteria of LN tourism development;

+ Design of waste treatment area, contributing to thoroughly solving environmental pollution problems;

+ Create a driving force to contribute to promoting the traditional beauty of LN, fully converging the rich and civilized elements right from each initial planning section of public areas, functional subdivisions of production, trade, services, traffic, trees...

+ Exploiting the existing local land fund more effectively, meeting the production and business needs both close to the place of residence and ensuring good working conditions.

- Strengthen environmental management agencies at the provincial and district levels to be strong enough to carry out environmental protection tasks in general and the LN environment in particular.

The process of perfecting policies to promote the development of craft villages in Bac Ninh province from 1997 to 2003 - current situation, experience and solutions - 21

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