Perfecting the current policy for developing higher education in Vietnam

- Expand the scale of the first stage, college programs and reduce the scale of the following stages to improve quality, ensure the pyramid structure of human resources level to meet the needs of use. Regulate the equivalence of levels and conversion between research-implementation direction and career-practice direction at all post-secondary levels.

- Divide the higher education system according to function and consolidate each part: convert a large part of the vocational high school system into technical colleges with a 2-year technical college bachelor's degree; consolidate and develop community colleges on the basis of clearly defining the goals, methods of establishment, investment, and operation methods to meet the learning needs of each community, serving the needs of socio-economic development in the locality; build a new, modern university that reaches advanced levels in the region as a model for the higher education system.

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- Establish postgraduate training schools in national scientific research institutions and transform these institutes into research universities; merge a number of specialized institutes and research institutions into universities; build national key institutes and research centers in leading universities; build universities in large enterprises to enhance the connection between training and use.

- Developing open universities and distance learning systems on a national scale ensures the following principles: open admission by registration, standard curriculum and assessment, and recognized degrees equivalent to the regular system.

- Expand the private higher education sector to fully exploit resources outside the state budget to develop higher education; ensure private ownership in private training institutions. Private higher education institutions register to operate according to a certain method of profit use and conduct public audits; convert semi-public schools into private ones by assigning collectives and private individuals to manage and repay capital to the state; encourage prestigious foreign universities to independently or in association with Vietnamese universities to establish training institutions.

- Ensure diversity in training objectives and forms, standardize each type, encourage the development of multidisciplinary and multi-level schools. Increase access opportunities for all levels and ages, create flexible admission processes through joint training programs, transfer (up and down) between schools and within the entire system. Ensure quality through a comprehensive and widespread accreditation system.

Second, continue to improve the qualification structure towards increasing the proportion of college students, graduate students and doctoral students in the total number of university and college students. Expand postgraduate training and research activities. Recruit PhDs after graduation from abroad to participate in guiding postgraduate students, popularize the application of specialized knowledge, teaching methods, and research skills; build the resources of postgraduate libraries and create conditions for postgraduate students and doctoral students to access new online academic resources; upgrade specialized laboratories; support postgraduate students to attend international conferences; rearrange the structure and relationships between universities,

Research institutes, national libraries and key laboratories for lecturers, graduate students and researchers to conduct research.

Third, regarding the occupational structure, based on the reality and requirements of improving the level and potential of national science and technology, priority is given to developing a number of industries in the fields of natural sciences, social sciences and humanities; information technology; mechatronics and automation technology; biotechnology; new materials technology; a number of technical and technological industries/occupations meeting the requirements of industrialization and modernization; highly qualified teachers and experts in the service sector. Adjust the student structure among industries towards increasing the proportion of students in basic sciences (natural and social); technology-engineering and agriculture-forestry-fishery.

Fourth, continue to develop a multi-component structure in the higher education system. The university system will include public schools; private schools and schools with foreign investment (100% capital or joint venture).

Fifth, perfect the regional structure towards urban areas, prioritize the establishment of new facilities with sufficient potential and conditions, not based on upgrading existing facilities; encourage the establishment of schools training in industrial fields/occupations; ensure a reasonable level structure between doctorates, masters, universities, colleges, intermediate vocational schools and vocational training; the occupational structure between basic sciences, science and technology and other occupations; overcome the situation of having many narrow single-disciplinary training facilities, while ensuring the ability to connect between types and levels of training. Encourage and support domestic and foreign investors to establish private schools

To mobilize more and more total social resources for higher education on the basis of ensuring educational quality, social equity, and human resource development, especially for developed economic regions, central cities, and industrial zones. In rural and mountainous areas, focus on state investment in building schools to train key fields to meet the human resource requirements for industrialization and modernization, especially for agricultural industrialization and modernization, shifting the structure of agricultural labor and rural development; focus on training in industries and occupations that meet the requirements of expanding industries with competitive advantages to increase product added value, increase competitiveness, and reduce disadvantages in national and international economic integration.

3.2.3. Promoting the improvement of the quality of higher education

- Amend the Law on Education in the direction of decentralizing the management of the framework program to training institutions so that schools have more initiative in designing content and arranging training programs; on that basis, faculties can merge subjects to reduce the total number of credits for students to graduate; increase flexibility by including more elective subjects; emphasize high-level thinking skills (application, analysis, synthesis and evaluation) in teaching and closely test these thinking skills; design more practical lessons, practical applications, hypothetical exercises and project design; encourage teaching in English and create more opportunities for students to develop professional skills through activities in class and in real life (study and work, internships, practical experience); establish interdisciplinary programs between majors within the same school and between schools; require and support the establishment of a database system on learning outcomes

Student practice forms the basis for developing training programs and detailed course outlines.

- Use active learning methods; change the way of memorizing theory with the ability to think deeply based on the results of perception, application, analysis, synthesis and evaluation; reasonably coordinate the time for presenting theory, lectures with the time for discussion, Q&A in class, group activities and project development. Grading homework must be based partly on opinions expressed in class and consider the use of this factor as a way to give positive feedback to students' learning. Modernize classrooms, libraries, and laboratory equipment to support teaching and learning. Compile teaching materials suitable for domestic practice but must ensure modernity. Combine all documents and subject content (lectures, PowerPoint, classroom activities, tests, laboratory practice); at the same time adjust them to suit the conditions of each school and convert them into electronic data for students. Enhance practical application through assignments, projects, labs, internships, and other opportunities for students to be trained to complete a specific task. Assess student learning throughout the semester, not just based on final exam results. Provide electronic data for all faculty to update training programs, syllabuses, and related learning materials on the Web or open learning system.

- Prioritize the development of teaching staff. Develop research universities, leading universities to train lecturers for other universities; create opportunities for postgraduate study both domestically and abroad for teaching staff; conduct professional development programs, specifically

on pedagogy and research; facilitating lecturers' access to new knowledge sources, modern teaching and learning programs, and online learning materials; reducing teaching workload; balancing time between teaching, research, and other activities; increasing research time for professors by supporting teaching assistants for grading, research assistants, and office secretaries; establishing a reward system for lecturers who have made improvements in teaching, learning, and research.

- Change the method of assessing student learning outcomes and school effectiveness. Make requirements for establishing and using student learning outcomes at the school level. The training program must be based on the overall learning outcomes of students, including determining specific student learning outcome criteria according to each detailed course outline; support for establishing and implementing the assessment of student learning outcomes through centers of excellence in teaching and learning and school quality assessment centers; schools are responsible for improving student learning outcomes and consider it a requirement in school quality assessment. The allocation of resources to schools, faculties, and training programs is based in part on student learning outcomes. Establish and implement a system of program evaluation based in part on student performance in each subject and in the entire program, and establish and implement a system of course evaluation and annual faculty reevaluation to obtain feedback on teaching and learning for the purpose of improving the program and its content. Establish school-level research offices and provide training for program managers to undertake research functions,

Provide electronic data sources to track, analyze, and report student metrics such as enrollment, academic progress, graduation, and academic performance.

- Linking teaching activities with scientific research activities to serve society. Building universities into strong science and technology research centers. Having forms and mechanisms to organically combine training, research and practical application, making training and scientific research in universities adapt to the market situation, directly contributing to increasing the competitiveness of Vietnamese goods. Forming higher education institutions that conduct both basic and applied research. Universities perform the role of specialized research centers, specialized research centers or policy research centers in the specialized fields in which they train. These centers initiate research activities and develop a team of scientific and technological staff and researchers. These are also the centers for coordinating joint research networks at the national level, within each school and between schools, including cooperation activities with state and private agencies. Universities are encouraged to implement training-scientific research linkages, technology transfer and production labor. Research activities of universities and colleges must directly serve the development and improvement of the quality of education and training, especially postgraduate training, on the one hand, and must originate from the needs of serving the socio-economic development of the country. The task of scientific research to meet the requirements of modernizing higher education must prioritize research programs serving the innovation of goals, content, and curriculum.

Teaching in the direction of standardization, modernization, promoting creative thinking, self-study capacity, self-employment for students; linking scientific research with postgraduate training activities, especially doctoral training. Promoting scientific research activities to serve the production needs, economic and social development of the whole country and each locality. Cooperating with domestic and foreign enterprises to carry out research contracts according to orders. Researching to decode advanced foreign technologies for transfer to domestic enterprises, while opening up research possibilities for foreign enterprises, universities and research institutes. Building scientific and technological potential, innovating the management of scientific and technological activities and scientific and technological research orientations in universities and colleges. Establishing joint specialized research groups between schools and enterprises. Forming comprehensive economic-technical associations in universities operating as scientific and technological organizations in accordance with the Law on Science and Technology. Implement turnkey contracts. Establish science and technology markets and guide foreign scientists to work with industrial establishments.

3.3. SOME SOLUTIONS IN FORMING POLICIES TO DEVELOP VIETNAM'S HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE COMING YEARS

3.3.1. Building, supplementing and perfecting the system of legal documents to encourage the application of market rules in university management and administration.

Firstly, building and strengthening the legal system of Vietnam's higher education . The building and strengthening of the legal system must be carried out synchronously and comprehensively from the content, nature, scope and objects of the rules and standards.

Perfecting the current policy for developing higher education in Vietnam - 24

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