Number and Composition of the Sample of Opinion Survey of High Schools in the Southeast Region

Improve the quality of TVHN activities in schools where students are studying.

In addition to the main tool of opinion polls, interview forms were also used for managers, teachers and students. The content of the interview focused mainly on: the difficulties that target groups encountered in the process of TVHN; the causes of the shortcomings leading to the current management of this activity; the suggestions of managers, teachers as well as the wishes of students in promoting the management of TVHN activities in schools today.

2.2.4. Investigation method

For the questionnaire survey, the forms were distributed directly to teachers, managers and students to complete at the school and immediately returned to the collaborator (colleague of the thesis author). At the same time, they were sent by post to teachers, managers and students.

When investigating by interview: Questions are asked to each teacher, manager, student and each group of 4 students, then listened to and recorded.

2.2.5. Conduct investigation

 For questionnaire surveys , conduct the survey according to the following procedure:

Step 1. Identify and select necessary content from theoretical basis, practical experience and issued documents related to TVHN activities to develop survey content using questionnaires and interviews to determine the current status of TVHN activities for high school students in the Southeast provinces.

Step 2. Select research area and survey subjects

Research area: 3 provinces in the Southeast region: Binh Duong, Ba Ria

- Vung Tau and Dong Nai, total 96 high schools. Of which, Binh Duong includes: 21 high schools, Ba Ria - Vung Tau: 27 high schools and Dong Nai has 48 high schools.

Survey subjects: In order to ensure that the survey sample is representative, the thesis conducts sampling according to statistical probability theory. The form of random sampling with 20% of the total 96 high schools is representative schools in 3 provinces of the Southeast region. In each selected school, managers, teachers and students are selected as survey samples at a rate of 60% (See table 2.3).

Table 2.3. Number and composition of the referendum sample of high schools in the Southeast region

STT

PROVINCE NAME AND SCHOOL		QUANTITY			SURVEY FORM
PROVINCE NAME AND SCHOOL		CBQL	GV	HS	CBQL	GV	HS
1	Ba Ria – Vung Tau	Chau Thanh	2	39	192	1	23	115
2		Ngo Quyen	3	34	180	2	20	108
3		Nguyen Binh humble	3	37	140	2	22	84
4		Nguyen Trai	3	35	192	2	21	115
5		Nguyen Van Cu	3	29	120	2	17	72
6		Phu My	3	48	240	2	29	144
7	Binh Duong	Peaceful	4	37	213	2	22	128
8		Binh Phu	4	49	224	2	29	134
9		Phan Boi Chau	3	35	82	2	21	49
10		Vo Minh Duc	4	43	224	2	26	134
11	Dong Nai	Chu Van An	2	40	117	1	24	71
12		Ngoc Lam	2	35	124	1	21	75
13		Thanh Binh	3	44	223	2	26	134
14		Dak Lua High School	2	28	96	1	17	58
15		Nguyen High School Dinh Chieu	3	32	295	2	19	177
16		Nhon High School Trach	3	43	315	2	26	189
17		Phuoc High School Meditation	3	41	305	2	25	183
18		Ton Duc High School Win	3	45	257	2	27	154
19		Vinh Cuu High School	2	31	120	1	19	72
20		Xuan Loc	4	46	284	2	28	170
Total			59	771	3943	35	462	2366

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Step 3. Compile criteria for assessing the current situation based on the theoretical framework developed in Chapter 1. Form scales for the levels of suitability and implementation of TVHN activity management.

Step 4. Determine the content of the questionnaire, probe with a number of closed, open and combined questions about TVHN activities in high schools in the Southeast region. Complete the questionnaire, evaluation criteria and scale to create a poll for 02 groups of survey subjects: managers, teachers and students.

Step 5. Organize a pilot survey of the questionnaire at Thanh Binh High School. Process the pilot survey results and then edit the questions in the questionnaire. Conduct a survey by asking a large number of people. Distribute survey forms directly to managers, teachers, staff and students from February to April 2017. Finally, analyze and evaluate the results from the collected survey forms.

For interview investigation

Collect, supplement, check and clarify the information obtained from the questionnaire survey to be able to honestly and objectively assess the current situation of TVHN management activities in high schools in the Southeast region. This set of interview questions helps the thesis author have a view from three sides: managers, teachers and students.

Step 1. Develop interview outline and questionnaire.

Step 2. Schedule an appointment with each principal, vice principal, homeroom teacher, subject teacher, technical education teacher and student affairs officer. The total number of people giving their opinions and answering the interview was: 10 managers, 15 teachers and 44 students (interviewed in groups, 4 students/group) from 20 high schools in 3 provinces in the Southeast region (Binh Duong, Ba Ria - Vung Tau and Dong Nai).

Step 3. Direct discussion or telephone/email interview with each individual. Interviews were conducted from mid-June to August 2017. Interview content was recorded fully and in detail.

Step 4. Analyze, synthesize and compare interview responses to draw conclusions.

2.2.6. How to process and evaluate investigation results

For quantitative data

The results of quantitative criteria obtained from the main survey instrument are the Questionnaire.

opinion poll. To have specific calculation data, the collected data will be encoded into numbers, the answered questions will be encoded from number 1 to number 5, the unanswered questions will be encoded with number 0. The scales mainly used in the survey forms are the nominal scale to determine the name, gender and some characteristics of the survey subjects; the hierarchical scale and the interval scale to calculate parameters in descriptive statistics such as average; Variance; Standard deviation (SD); Frequency; Range; Sample mean error; Percentage. To facilitate the evaluation and analysis of data in a reasonable and scientific way, the information collected from the opinion poll forms on the current situation is conventionally based on the average value in the Likert scale according to 5 levels, Value

calculated distance = max − 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 5−1 = 0.8 . Then:

5 5

 From 1.0 point - 1.8 point: Poor (corresponding to the answer level: Not important/ Never/ Not done/ Poor/ No influence/ Dislike/ Lack of confidence).

 From 1.81 points – 2.60 points: Weak (equivalent to the answer level: Less important/ Rarely/ Not achieved/ Very little influence/ Very little liking/ Very little confidence).

 From 2.61 points - 3.40 points: Average (corresponding to the answer level: Normal/ Occasionally/ Satisfactory/ Average/ Little influence/ Little liking/ Little confidence).

 From 3.41 points - 4.20 points: Fair (corresponding to the answer level: Important/ Regular/ Fair/ Influence/ Like/ Confident).

 From 4.21 points – 5 points: Good (corresponding to the answer level: Very important/ Very often/ Good/ Very influential/ Very like/ Very confident).

For qualitative data

In the case of interviews with managers and teachers, the data is divided into the following groups of opinions: 1) About the difficulties and shortcomings of TVHN activities in schools; 2) The results achieved and not achieved in TVHN activities in the last 3 years of the school; 3) The basic causes leading to the current status of TVHN management activities in schools; 4) Proposing and recommending measures to promote the management of TVHN activities at schools.

For the case of student interviews, the data is classified according to: 1) During TVHN, what difficulties or shortcomings did you encounter (such as understanding the chosen career; importance according to each factor of the labor market; necessity of preparation)?

2) Expressions of interest in TVHN activities, satisfaction with consulting organizations in meeting their TVHN needs); 3) Students' wishes from principals, vice principals, homeroom teachers, subject teachers, TVHN officers, youth union... to improve the quality of TVHN activities in schools today.

- This qualitative data is processed using a logical method: arranging answers with similarities and differences. Then analyzing, arguing and making comments as a basis for evaluating the current status of TVHN activities and TVHN activity management in 20 high schools in the Southeast region. Information collected from interviews when cited in the thesis content will be encoded to ensure the confidentiality and objectivity of the interview opinions.

2.3. Investigation results

Based on the analysis of data from the questionnaire in Appendix 1.1 (for managers and teachers), Appendix 1.2 (for students) and from interviews in Appendix 1.3, 1.4 on the current status of TVHN and management of TVHN activities for high school students in the Southeast provinces, the following results were obtained:

2.3.1. Current status of career counseling activities for high school students in the Southeast region

2.3.1.1. Awareness of the importance of career counseling activities

The results of the survey on the awareness of managers, teachers and students about the importance of TVHN activities are summarized in Table 2.4, showing that the average score of each answer is quite high and relatively even. This proves that both groups of subjects have understood and recognized the meaning, role and importance of TVHN activities .

Table 2.4. Current status of awareness about the importance of TVHN activities

Level of importance	Managers and Teachers				HS
Level of importance	Number quantity	Ratio %	Average	DLC	Number quantity	Ratio %	Average	DLC
1	Not important	0	0.0	4.69	0.54	13	0.5	4.03	0.46
2	Less important	0	0.0			16	0.7
3	Normal	19	3.8			88	3.7
4	Important	114	22.9			2007	84.9
5	Very important	364	73.2			240	10.2

Based on the general average and standard deviation in the responses of each group of subjects, there is no contradiction or difference between the views of managers and teachers (general average: 4.69; standard deviation: 0.54) and students (general average: 4.03; standard deviation: 0.46) in high schools on the importance of TVHN activities. However, managers and teachers tend to appreciate the importance of TVHN activities more than students. This is understandable because managers and teachers are the school leaders and those who directly do TVHN work and will be fully aware of the urgency of this activity.

2.3.1.2. Career counseling needs of high school students in the Southeast region

The expression of TVHN needs of high school students in the Southeast region is shown through:

Level of students' understanding of the labor market and chosen career

The survey results recorded in Table 2.5 show that among the 7 factors, students only have “understanding” about the factor “ vocational training system”, accounting for 56.3%. Obviously, students have proactively learned about the profession they intend to choose at many different vocational training facilities to have a suitable school choice.

Table 2.5. Level of students' understanding of the labor market and intended career

FACTORS		LEVEL OF UNDERSTANDING
FACTORS		Not at all know	Little knowledge	Relatively understandable know	Knowledge	Very knowledgeable
1	The world of work	SL	41	1200	365	699	61
1	The world of work	%	1.7	50.7	15 4	29.5	2.6
2	Vocational training system	SL	23	452	503	1331	57
2	Vocational training system	%	1.0	19.1	21.3	56, 3	2.4
3	The general labor market demand for the chosen profession	SL	50	1521	737	13	45
3	The general labor market demand for the chosen profession	%	2.1	64.3	31.1	0.5	1.9
4	Purpose, meaning, specific work related to profession	SL	25	1187	792	308	54
4	Purpose, meaning, specific work related to profession	%	1.1	50.2	33.5	13.0	2.3
5	Ability (quality, skill) of suitable for the profession	SL	86	1277	900	90	13
5	Ability (quality, skill) of suitable for the profession	%	3.6	54.0	38.0	3.8	0.5
6	Psychological characteristics (personality, temperament, health conditions...) with requirements of the profession	SL	54	1342	854	46	70
6		%	2.3	56.7	36.1	1.9	3 0
7	Career development direction for self	SL	50	1297	846	78	95
7	Career development direction for self	%	2.1	54.8	35.8	3.3	4.0

Meanwhile, students have “little understanding” of the world of careers, accounting for 50.7%; the general labor market demand for the chosen career, accounting for 64.3%; the purpose, meaning, and specific work related to the career, accounting for 50.2%; their own capacity (qualities, skills) suitable for the career, accounting for 54%; their psychological characteristics (personality, temperament, health conditions, etc.) with the requirements of the career, accounting for 56.7% and the career development direction for themselves, accounting for 54.8%.

Discussing and talking with leaders of high schools in the Southeast region about this issue, we learned:

- According to the Management Board of Nhon Trach High School: The work of TVHN, especially the selection of majors, blocks, and subjects other than the compulsory subjects in the National High School Exam for admission to colleges and universities of students is currently being implemented quite flexibly by schools. However, for students, guiding and preparing the young generation in both mindset and skills so that they can be ready to enter the workforce or create their own jobs in the social professions that need to develop, while at the same time being suitable for the interests and abilities of the individual students is really a "difficult problem" when we ourselves do not have much information about the planning of human resource needs in the locality, or information with a practical basis about the needs of future labor professions.

- The managers of Dac Lua High School, Nguyen Dinh Chieu High School, Nhon Trach High School and Phuoc Thien High School shared: Every year, when the university entrance exam is approaching, universities in and outside the province will contact the school to coordinate in organizing admissions counseling for their students. The school's current student counseling work only stops at organizing career introductions for students to consider choosing or coordinating with local training institutions to provide counseling and introductions to the training majors of that unit, but the ability of the current annual counseling programs cannot answer all the questions of students and cannot help them orient their future careers.

From the survey results combined with the above interviews, it can be seen that 50% of the surveyed students have little understanding of the labor market and the career they intend to choose. It seems that they choose their career entirely based on their feelings. In other words, the school has not provided students with enough information about the labor market and the world of careers, helping them understand their own psychological, physiological, and capacity characteristics, helping them to partly resolve their confusion when choosing a career. The school's career guidance activities have not met the career guidance needs of students.

Subjects influencing students' career choices

Although they are properly aware of the role of this activity in high school and proactively learn about the intended career at many different vocational training institutions to choose the right school, when asked about "the subjects that influence students' career choice", up to 81.2% of students chose "family" as the most influential.

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