Implementing the policy of managing domestic waste in Hoai Duc district, Hanoi city

INTRODUCTION

1. Urgency of the topic

Household waste management is considered an activity that plays an important role in the development process of each territory. In the current period, this work is increasingly urgent due to population growth, the pressure of socio-economic growth without infrastructure conditions has greatly affected the living environment of residents, especially in areas with rapid urbanization.

To effectively manage waste in general and household waste in particular, management agencies have issued many legal documents to regulate social relations related to waste management and environmental protection; however, in addition to the achievements, management work still has many shortcomings and difficulties, affecting the landscape, health and living conditions of residents.

Hoai Duc District, Hanoi City is a suburban administrative unit with rapid urbanization and high population density, concentrated in many craft villages, improved income leading to increased living needs; therefore, household waste increases but management work still has many shortcomings due to unreasonable allocation of resources to implement management policies; responsibility of the subjects has not been promoted.

In fact, household waste is currently a pressing issue, many families have reported that littering has been happening everywhere, on the streets, lakes, rivers, ditches, etc. This large amount of waste causes serious environmental pollution, blocking the flow, affecting the daily life of people. Therefore, to gradually overcome the challenges, it is necessary to have more synchronous and feasible solutions; thereby, creating changes in the implementation of household waste management policies to be more effective.

Based on the above situation, the author chose the topic: " Implementing the policy of managing domestic waste in Hoai Duc district, Hanoi city" as the topic of his master's thesis in Public Policy. The research results will be a scientific basis for managers to have reasonable policy implementation plans, towards effective environmental management and sustainable development of the territory.

2. Research status related to the topic

There have been many studies on environmental issues and environmental policies, including the management of household waste. Some related studies:

Author Nguyen The Binh and colleagues (2020): "Assessing the current status of household waste management in Bac Giang province" [1], applied sociological investigation methods, combined with data analysis and processing to reveal the current status of household waste management in Bac Giang province; the author said that: the amount of household waste generated in rural areas is higher than in urban areas; however, the collection rate is the opposite, urban areas collect 86%; rural areas about 85%. The main form of treatment is landfill and incineration, causing pollution by odors and organisms; from the results of the current situation study, the group of authors proposed a number of measures to improve the efficiency of household waste management in Bac Giang province; in which, emphasizing investment in waste treatment technology and promoting propaganda to raise people's awareness of waste classification and not littering.

Author Nguyen Thi Kim Nhung (2014) studied: "The influence of stakeholders on the level of people's participation in waste management activities in Hanoi ", Journal of Science, National University of Hanoi: Social Sciences and Humanities, volume 30, number 2 (2014) 16-27 [9], focusing on analyzing the influence of stakeholders on people's participation in waste classification, collection and treatment activities, including: environmental sanitation workers, grassroots self-management groups, village heads/residential group leaders, social organizations, informal scrap purchasing groups and district/county, ward/commune authorities. From there, some recommendations are proposed to increase the participation of stakeholders to enhance people's participation in waste management in Hanoi.

Author Nguyen Thi Huong (2017) Solutions for managing and collecting household waste in Lien Hiep commune, Phuc Tho district, Hanoi city [8]; used the method of social investigation, interviewing 60 households to study and analyze the management of household waste sources in the commune; to reveal the factors affecting the average amount of waste in the area. From there, to propose a number of solutions to improve the household waste management system.

Author Pham Huu Giap (2015) Improving the efficiency of domestic solid waste management in Phu Ly city, Ha Nam province by 2030 [3], has summarized

Synthesize, analyze and evaluate solid waste management in Phu Ly city. Propose solutions for solid waste management in Phu Ly city to improve the effectiveness of environmental protection, contributing to the sustainable socio-economic development of Ha Nam province. Accordingly, to effectively implement the management of domestic solid waste, it is necessary to deploy a socialization model in the management of solid waste: (i) Model of classifying solid waste at source; (ii) Model of managing the collection, transportation and treatment of solid waste; (iii) Expanding the collection and transportation services of solid waste to cover the entire city with the participation of many economic sectors; and (iv) Organizing forms of mobilization, propaganda and training to raise public awareness of the process of use, collection, classification and contributing to the management of solid waste; Proposals to supplement and perfect the policy mechanism in the field of solid waste management in Phu Ly city include: (i) Building and perfecting the system of mechanisms and policies for classifying solid waste at source; (ii) Building and perfecting the policy mechanism to mobilize community participation in the collection and treatment of domestic solid waste; and (iii) Proposing to perfect and promulgate regulations on fees for collection and treatment of domestic waste in the city.

Author Tran Minh Truong (2015) Research and propose planning for collection points for domestic waste in Ba Dinh district, Hanoi [11] . The author has conducted a survey and assessment of the current status of domestic waste management in Ba Dinh district; built a scientific basis and model for domestic solid waste management; from there, proposed planning for collection points for domestic waste in the area.

Author Le Thanh Son (2016) Implementation of waste collection and treatment policy from the practice of Mo Duc district, Quang Ngai province [10], focuses on analyzing theoretical issues on implementing waste collection and treatment policy. At the same time, analyze some practical implementation results in some localities; combined with analyzing the current status of policy implementation in Dien Ban town, Quang Nam province; from there, propose some solutions to strengthen policy implementation.

From research works and articles related to the management of domestic solid waste in localities, it is affirmed that domestic waste is an aspect of life. With the increase in population combined with the process of urbanization and industrialization, domestic waste is increasing, requiring feasible solutions, suitable for each specific context and territory to ensure the harmony of the environment.

living environment. The research works have clarified the theoretical basis, combined with the analysis of the current situation in different specialized approaches; from there, it serves as a basis to help managers perceive related issues, draw lessons for practical implementation in localities. For the area of Hoai Duc district, Hanoi city, the author has not yet accessed research works related to the implementation of domestic waste management policies. Therefore, in order to have a comprehensive and objective view of policy implementation in the research area, the author will apply and inherit the research results from the above works to clarify both theoretical and practical aspects of issues related to policy implementation under the public policy approach; from there, propose solutions to effectively implement the "Implementation of domestic waste management policies in Hoai Duc district, Hanoi city" .

3. Research purpose and tasks

3.1. Research purpose

The study explores theoretical issues and the current status of implementing domestic waste management policies; from there, proposes a number of solutions to strengthen the implementation of domestic waste management policies in Hoai Duc district, Hanoi city.

3.2. Research tasks

- Analyze theoretical and practical issues in implementing domestic waste management policies;

- Analyze the current status of implementing domestic waste management policies in Hoai Duc district, Hanoi city;

- Propose some solutions to strengthen the implementation of domestic waste management policy in Hoai Duc district, Hanoi city.

4. Research object and scope

4.1. Research subjects

Implementing the policy of domestic waste management in Hoai Duc district, Hanoi city

4.2. Scope of research

Scope of content : The topic focuses on researching contents related to the implementation of household waste management policies.

Spatial scope : The project was conducted in Hoai Duc district, Hanoi city.

Time scope: From 2015 to 2020, solution until 2025

5. Theoretical basis and research methods

5.1. Theoretical basis

To solve the assigned tasks, the thesis applies a synthesis of dialectical materialism and historical materialism methods; the Party's viewpoints and the State's policies to perceive the process of formation and implementation of issues related to the implementation of domestic waste management policies in the research area.

5.2. Research methods

5.2.1. Select research site

The study was conducted at state administrative agencies of Hanoi city and in Hoai Duc district, Hanoi city. With the scope of the research, the research only focuses on studying and improving the effectiveness of implementing the policy of managing domestic waste in Duong Lieu, Minh Khai, Cat Que.

5.2.2. Methods of collecting data, documents and information

5.2.2.1. Collect secondary documents

The topic collects secondary data from management levels and published works to reveal the methodological and approach aspects. Build a theoretical research framework; analyze the current status of territorial characteristics; solutions to implement policies to contribute to improving the effectiveness of household waste management.

5.2.2.2. Primary data collection

Primary data was collected through questionnaires, interviews and group discussions with staff and civil servants in charge of household waste management.

The number of survey forms for the target groups is summarized in Table 1.

Table 1. Estimated number of survey samples

TT Interview subjects Number

(People)

Households, markets, shopping centers…

Workers in garbage collection and treatment (7 communes each)

People)

Management staff (including commune and district level staff)

Add

101

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Source: Author's synthesis (2020)

5.2.3. Methods of processing and analyzing data and information

After collection, the data is checked. If errors are detected, the author will remove the survey form that does not ensure quality and practice coding correction, entering it into the computer with the help of Excel software. This process is carried out in a certain order, ensuring scientificity, processed by the method of grouping according to research criteria. The processing results are presented in data tables, diagrams, and comment boxes.

5.2.4. Statistical methods

Statistical method to evaluate the current status of domestic waste management in Hoai Duc district. Through synthetic indicators such as absolute numbers, relative numbers, average numbers to describe the current status, identify the characteristics of domestic waste management, the advantages and difficulties of domestic waste management in the working process.

5.2.5. Comparison method

Applied to compare the current status of domestic waste management in the district with the future economic development situation to meet the requirements of domestic waste management. On that basis, propose solutions to improve domestic waste management in the coming time.

5.2.6. Research indicator system

- Number of garbage disposal points in residential areas;

- RTSH volume from households with different income sources;

- The situation of household waste classification;

- Proportion of waste types in the RTSH source;

- Labor situation of VSMT company;

- Equipment for collecting and transporting waste;

- Comments from RTSH collectors;

- Waste collection model in Hoai Duc district;

- Number of households with waste collected over 3 years (2018 to 2020);

- Annual collected RTSH volume;

- Evaluate some indicators of households that collect waste;

- Environmental sanitation fee collection level;

6. Theoretical and practical significance of the topic

6.1. Theoretical

The research results contribute to clarifying the research content on implementing domestic waste management policy according to the approach of public policy science; Helping to have a more specific view on public policy in a specific field.

6.2. In practice

Solutions to improve the effectiveness of implementing the domestic waste management policy in Hoai Duc district, Hanoi city are proposed based on theoretical and practical research results, ensuring scientific, objective and reference value for all levels of government.

7. Structure of the thesis

In addition to the Introduction and Conclusion, the Thesis consists of 3 chapters:

Chapter 1: Theoretical and practical issues on implementing household waste management

Chapter 2: Current status of implementing domestic waste management policy in Hoai Duc district, Hanoi city

Chapter 3: Some solutions to strengthen the implementation of domestic waste management policy in Hoai Duc district, Hanoi city.

Chapter 1

THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ISSUES ON IMPLEMENTING DOMESTIC WASTE MANAGEMENT POLICY

1.1. Concept of implementing household waste management policy

1.1.1. Household waste and household waste management

1.1.1.1. Household waste

Garbage is an inevitable part of life, the more society develops, the more waste is produced. In today's society, the urbanization process, combined with population growth, leads to a large amount of waste, which cannot be assimilated into the natural environment, becoming a threat to our survival. Because of that risk, many related research projects have been carried out and the terms: "garbage"; "household waste" are also mentioned and leaked. Some common concepts, such as:

According to the Vietnamese Encyclopedia, 2003, definition: Household waste is all types of substances, materials, and objects created unintentionally from human activities, such as eating, living, playing, entertaining, materials used to make packaging bags, ... [ Error! eference source not found. ].

According to Vietnamese Standards (TCVN 6705-2009 - Non-hazardous solid waste - Classification), domestic waste: includes waste generated from households, commercial establishments and agencies. Domestic solid waste, also known as domestic waste, is generated from daily human activities. Domestic waste is discharged everywhere, at all times within the city or residential area, from households, commercial areas, markets and trading venues, restaurants, hotels, parks, entertainment areas, schools [12].

According to legal regulations: Domestic solid waste (also known as household waste) is solid waste generated in people's daily activities [2].

From the above concepts, it can be seen that: Although the concept of household waste is approached in different directions, they are all consistent, that is: all types of solid waste are discarded by humans in their daily activities . This is also the concept that the topic applies in the analysis process.

Source of waste generation

The amount of daily household waste is increasing due to the impact of population, socio-economic development, and changes in consumer demand.