— To nurture talent, one must first discover the child's aptitudes, then develop the aptitudes under "positive" conditions, then the aptitudes will be revealed and become abilities and talents. The development of aptitudes under the influence of human creative practical activities is an extremely complex process.
— Discovering and nurturing talent is the responsibility of all three educational environments (family, school and society), in which the family plays an important role.
— There needs to be an effective policy of respecting talented people, along with establishing fair and humane relationships between people; that is a favorable condition for the development of the country's talents.
2. Human development goals (personality development)
— Human development is both the goal and the driving force of social development.
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— The goal of human development is essentially to build and develop the personality of Vietnamese people to meet the requirements of development and progress of society in the new period - industrialization and modernization of the country.
— To train Vietnamese people to develop comprehensively, with ethics, knowledge, health, aesthetics and profession, loyal to the ideals of national independence and socialism; to form and foster the personality, qualities and capacities of citizens, meeting the requirements of building and defending the Fatherland. [Article 2, Law on Education]
— The basic components of Vietnamese personality in the new era are knowledge - skills - attitudes. In which:
+ Mastering modern scientific and technological knowledge means understanding, remembering and applying scientific knowledge in all three aspects: events and phenomena; laws governing events and phenomena (concepts and their logic); and ways of acting with concepts to flexibly and creatively apply acquired scientific knowledge in different working situations to create new values for society and develop creative thinking in the subject of the activity.
+ Good practical skills are the ability to correctly, proficiently and creatively apply acquired scientific and technological knowledge into professional practice to create quality products that are competitive in the market.
+ System of attitudes towards the fatherland, the nation, labor, social life, and oneself such as being passionate about the ideal of national independence and socialism, steadfastly building and defending the fatherland with industrialization and modernization of the country; inheriting human cultural values while preserving and promoting national cultural values; having an industrial style, being organized and disciplined; having pure morality, promoting positivity, and being healthy.
The three components of knowledge - skills - attitudes in the personality structure of the new Vietnamese person have a causal relationship. Attitude (worldview, ideals, beliefs, ethics)
orientation, forming motivation for individuals in the activities of acquiring scientific and technological knowledge and applying them to professional activities. On the other hand, knowledge and skills are the conditions and means for individuals to realize their ideals, nurture emotions, strengthen beliefs and ethical values in individuals.
3. Primary education goals
— The primary education goal is the application of general education goals to the construction of goals for each level of education to guide the practical activities of primary education.
— Determining the primary education goals must be based on the contents and requirements identified in the general goals of the national education system (presented above) and the educational goals of the general education sector which are "to help students develop comprehensively in terms of morality, intelligence, physical strength, aesthetics and basic skills to form the personality of a socialist Vietnamese person, build the character and responsibility of a citizen, prepare students to continue studying or enter the working life, participate in building and defending the fatherland".
— Primary education is the foundation level of the national education system. Primary education aims to help students form the initial foundations for proper and long-term development of morality, intelligence, physical fitness, aesthetics and basic skills for students to continue studying in secondary school. [Article 23, Law on Education, National Publishing House, Hanoi, 2002].
— Therefore, students after completing primary school must meet the following main requirements:
+ Be compassionate, love your homeland, country, peace, and justice; respect your elders and give way to your juniors; be aware of your duties towards your relatives, friends, community, and living environment; respect and comply with the laws and regulations at school, in residential areas, and in public places; live naturally, boldly, confidently, and honestly.
+ Have basic knowledge of nature, society, people and aesthetics, have basic skills in listening, reading, speaking, writing and calculating; have habits of physical exercise, hygiene and health protection.
+ Know how to study; know how to serve oneself, know how to use some household appliances and common labor tools; know how to apply and do some jobs such as raising animals, growing crops, and helping with housework.
Task of activity 2
Task 1: Prepare seminar topic
— Student teachers recognize the seminar topic. Work as a class.
+ Seminar theme: Developing education to improve people's knowledge, train human resources, nurture talents, train people with scientific and cultural knowledge, professional skills, independent, creative and disciplined workers,
benevolent, patriotic, socialist, live a healthy life, meet the needs of national development in the 90s and prepare for the future . [Documents of the 4th Conference of the 7th Party Central Committee - 1993]
+ Student teachers identify tasks to be solved related to the seminar topic.
+ Student teacher groups receive learning tasks: Group 1 - Learn about "Improving people's knowledge". Group 2 - Learn about "Human resource training". Group 3 - Learn about "Talent development".
Group 4 Learn about "Comprehensive development of Vietnamese personality".
+ Student teachers discuss the conditions and means to carry out learning tasks.
— Prepare seminar topics. Work in groups (outside of class time).
+ Student groups plan their research, assign tasks to each individual in the group, implement the plan and write the group's research results. During the process of performing individual and group self-study tasks, student teachers can share and discuss with teachers and classmates about self-study methods and means so that students can do well in preparing seminar topics. Note some common mistakes when studying concepts such as:
With the goal of “cultivating talents”, students will confuse talents with people with high degrees. At that time, student teachers need to read the article “A possibility to prevent fate” for talented people, Tuoi Tre, issue dated 19-9-1992. ( Vo Quang Phuc, Innovative education from the perspective of educational science, School of Education Management - University II, Ho Chi Minh City, 1998).
With the goal of human development, it will be difficult for students to arrange the requirements (values) in the structure of modern human personality. At that time, students should underline the phrases that reflect the requirements of knowledge, skills, attitudes towards the country, people; towards work and social life, towards themselves.
Building people and generations who are passionately attached to the ideals of national independence and socialism, have pure morality, have a strong will to build and defend the fatherland; industrialize and modernize the country; preserve and promote the cultural values of the nation, have the ability to absorb the quintessence of human culture; develop the potential of the Vietnamese nation and people, have community awareness and promote individual positivity, master modern scientific and technological knowledge, have creative thinking, good practical skills, industrial style, organization and discipline; have health, are the successors to build socialism that is both "red" and "specialized" as advised by Uncle Ho. [Documents of the second conference - 8th Central Committee, National Political Publishing House, Hanoi, 1997, pp. 28, 29].
Task 2: Implement the seminar topic in class.
1. Introduction
— The student teacher repeats the seminar topic, announces the results of individual and group seminar topic preparation; repeats the purpose and requirements of the seminar.
2. Development
— Each group representative takes turns presenting their prepared speech (student teachers should be brief and avoid rambling. Do not read the article, just present the main ideas. The maximum time for presenting a speech is 10-15 minutes . The next speech can supplement the previous speech and should not repeat the information that the previous speech has presented).
— Student teachers discuss and debate the content of the issues presented in the presentation (student teachers must clarify important points and contradictions in ideas by asking questions to their friends and teachers and answering their friends' and teachers' questions).
3. Summary
* Use the question system to summarize
1. What is intelligence? What is the significance of intelligence in human and social development?
2. Please comment on the current level of education in Vietnam compared to the requirements of industrialization and modernization of the country?
3. Target to improve Vietnam's education from now to 2020?
4. Solutions to implement the proposed targets of improving people's knowledge?
5. What is human resources? What role does human resources play in the socio-economic development of a country?
6. What is the current human resource situation in our country?
7. Targets and solutions for human resource training from now until 2020?
8. What is talent? What role does talent play in the socio-economic system?
9. What is the role of general education in nurturing talent for the country?
10. What is the ultimate function of an education?
11. What are the elements of the Vietnamese personality structure that education must aim for?
12. What are the goals of primary education? Compare the current results of primary education with the set educational goals.
Activity Review 2
Exercise Review knowledge: "Rewrite an educational goal in your own words" (10 points). The standards and assessment scale for the exercise are as follows:
— Accurate knowledge (1.5 points).
— Full content (1.5 points).
— Give different opinions on an issue (2 points).
— Compare and comment on different opinions (2 points).
— Provide information about real life and primary education related to the seminar's topic (2 points).
— Ideas are arranged systematically, logically, arguments are clear, presented concisely, sentences
grammatically correct, no spelling or typing errors (1 point).
Activity 3: Learn about Vietnam's national education system (1 period).
Information for Activity 3
1. Concept of national education system
— The national education system is the sum total of educational and training institutions serving the learning needs of the people in the country. [Dictionary of Education]
— The national education system is a state apparatus organization that includes specialized agencies responsible for educational and training activities for all members of society, especially for the young generation.
— The national education system has the following characteristics:
+ The national education system operates and develops based on the impact relationships of the socio - economic system in each stage of development.
+ The national education system is a complex of many elements, arranged in a strict order, with its own tasks and functions, but at the same time is governed by common factors of management, control, organization, and inspection.
Therefore, in terms of structure, the national education system is an organic and synchronous connection of educational levels and grades from low to high; formal and informal training forms, concentrated and unconcentrated, etc.; in terms of space, the education system is deployed uniformly throughout the country, taking into account the development characteristics of each region; in terms of time, the national education system is a succession of training stages including educational levels and grades. Each training stage must implement corresponding educational and training objectives and contents , but always ensure connectivity in the movement of the entire system.
2. Foundations for building a national education system
2.1. Premises of economic development goals society
The socio - economic development goals of the entire Party and people are a rich people, a strong country, and a fair, democratic and civilized society.
Therefore, the education system must change its structure to adapt schools to the characteristics of the socio-economic structure, creating conditions for the majority of people to be able to study. To do this, the national education system must demonstrate diversity in its structure.
the structure of training types and diversity in the establishment of school networks.
2.2. Short-term, medium-term and long-term strategic views and goals of educational development to meet the requirements of economic development strategy society and the need to constantly improve the knowledge of the whole population.
— Viewpoints on educational development orientation: Education is the top national policy, building a people's, national and modern education in the direction of socialism; organically linking educational development with economic development; developing education on the basis of national cultural values and the quintessence of human culture, modern scientific and technological achievements; building an education for everyone, creating conditions for all members of society to be able to study for life.
— Educational development goals: Building an education system with appropriate scale, high quality and efficiency, meeting the needs of human resources, knowledge and talents to serve the cause of industrialization, modernization of the country and the learning needs of the people, promoting internal resources to the maximum, effectively using international cooperation to complete the education system, including building a prestigious part in the region and the world.
Therefore, the national education system must be built with the attention of all sectors and levels; the effectiveness of the national education system must best meet the requirements of industrialization and modernization of the country; implement social justice in education, etc.
2.3. Specific capabilities of the country
— The country is in the stage of industrialization and modernization, the economy is developing according to a market mechanism with socialist orientation.
— Material life is still poor, technical facilities are still backward, the application of scientific achievements is still slow and ineffective.
— Our country's education in recent years has achieved proud results, however there are still shortcomings in terms of goals, content, training methods, types of schools, streams, recruitment, etc.
Therefore, when building a national education system, it must be calculated based on the realistic capabilities of economic, political and cultural development of society.
2.4. Inheriting the experience of building and developing the people's education
Vietnamese people
— Building a national education system must selectively inherit the experiences that made the national education system in the previous stage exist and develop.
2.5. Relationship between goals, content, training methods, and educational management between stages in the system
— The national education system is a whole that includes subsystems that are closely related and regular, while each subsystem is relatively independent and subject to the provisions of socio-economic goals .
— The construction of the national education system must ensure diversification, standardization, and interconnection from general education, vocational education to college, university, and postgraduate education; streamlining after junior high school and high school; developing a network of schools to overcome the unreasonable structure of qualifications, occupations, and regions; prioritizing the development of educational institutions in ethnic minority areas, remote areas, and isolated areas.
3. Structure of Vietnam's national education system
3.1. About structure
Since December 1998, after the Law on Education was passed by the National Assembly, the structure of the national education system includes:
— Preschool education, including nurseries and kindergartens.
+ Nursery school, study time is 3 years, children from 3 to 4 months old are admitted (including both education and training).
+ Kindergarten, study time is 3 years, accepts children from 3 to 6 years old.
— General education includes primary and secondary education.
+ Primary education is compulsory for all children from 6 to 11 years old, studying for 5 years, accepting children who are 6 years old; at the end of grade 5, children take an exam to get a primary school graduation certificate.
+ Secondary school, divided into 2 stages:
* Junior high school, 4 years of study, accepts students from 11 years old with primary school diploma; after finishing grade 9, take an exam to get a junior high school diploma.
* High school, 3 years of study, accepts students who are 15 years old, have a junior high school diploma, at the end of grade 12 take an exam to get a high school diploma (baccalaureate).
— Vocational education includes:
+ Vocational secondary school, study from 3 to 4 years for those with a junior high school diploma; from 1 to 2 years for those with a high school diploma.
+ Vocational training is for people with educational qualifications appropriate to the profession they need to learn; 1 year for short-term vocational training programs, 1 to 3 years for long-term vocational training programs.
— Undergraduate and postgraduate education includes:
+ University education, college and university level training.
* College level, 3-year study, recruiting students from 18 years old, with high school diploma or vocational high school diploma, graduating with college degree.
* University level, study from 4 to 6 years depending on the major, training profession, recruiting students from 18 years old, with high school diploma, vocational high school; study from 1 to 2 years for those with college diploma in the same major.
+ Postgraduate education, master's and doctoral training.
* Master's degree training is conducted in 2 years for university graduates.
* Doctoral training lasts from 2 to 4 years (depending on whether the candidate has a master's or bachelor's degree). After defense, the doctoral degree is awarded.
3.2. Types of schools and training methods
— Types of schools
Each level of education has many different types of schools such as public schools, semi-public schools, private schools and private schools.
It is possible to establish separate schools with special characteristics for gifted children or children with disabilities, children who, for social or economic reasons, are slow to go to school or drop out of school.
— Training method
Each level of education, school, and field of study is organized in education and training in many different ways such as long-term and short-term systems; centralized and decentralized systems; training systems; distance learning systems, etc.
Diversifying school types and forms of education and training aims to create conditions and opportunities for all citizens with needs and conditions to be able to study, contributing to the implementation of educational policies and social justice.
Each learner, when fully meeting the requirements for a prescribed diploma or certificate, will be granted a diploma or certificate according to regulations. Diplomas and certificates of the national education system are uniformly managed by the State; only the heads of educational institutions authorized by the State to organize the corresponding exams can grant certificates and diplomas according to the law.
Task of activity 3
Task 1 : Awareness of the concept of "National education system". Work as a class.
— Student teachers pay attention and take notes to understand the signs of the concept of the national education system and the basis for building the Vietnamese national education system in the current period.
Task 2: Establish the structure of the national education system. Work in groups.