One thing we notice is that while composing, after composing, Han Mac Tu often presented his poems to his friends and relatives by reading and reciting. On moonlit nights under a thatched hut in a cave hamlet west of Quy Nhon city, amidst loneliness and pain, Han Mac Tu often recited poems. He recounted: "The girls here said I was crazy, none of them dared to come near, but late at night they all gathered together to listen to me recite poems and giggle" (2) F25 2). His poetry flowed along with his reading voice and reciting rhythm, both fresh, intense, and fierce like spitting, vomiting, regurgitating...
In addition to the words indicating the activities of the mouth and tongue, we also see that Han Mac Tu also uses words indicating the activities of the hands. The activities of the hands that often appear in his poems are: holding, holding, squeezing, wringing, and binding.
I squeeze time in my hands, I crumple regret like silk.
(Playing on the moon) I want to hold the soul of the person who is performing.
(The sea of my soul) I want to escape my soul from my body, To waver in the hazy light, To find you, holding you with both hands,
Sacred love flutters in the air.
( Bright )
The hands of a person with leprosy, perhaps the finger joints are in danger of falling off, those hands are convulsing with pain. But the more painful the hands are, the more they crave, desire to hold on to life, to hold on to life's love. It seems that the poet tries to put all his strength into his hands to "squeeze", to "hold", to "tie" with life. And there are also times when those hands are spread out very wide, the poet seems to open his heart to love, to write and to blend with nature and poetic life:
Open up your poetry, open up your dreams, open up your love ..
(Sleep with the moon)
2) Vuong Tri Bookstore cited. Page 263,264
The poet has opened his poetic bag to receive and to offer. He speaks of the soul but remains as simple as everyday life.
Even in his best poems, which reflect the vast, immense dimensions of the universe, he still uses this way of speaking:
My shirt is so tattered that the sky cannot mend it, But the moon wears moon cloth in all four seasons.
(Wandering)
Professor Le Dinh Ky commented: "No one but Han Mac Tu can write like that... The verse carries the dimension of the universe but is still natural, transcendent but still mundane with the story of Ragged, Patched, and Cloth". (1) 26F 1)
Not as charming as Xuan Dieu, not as difficult to read and understand as Bich Khe, Han Mac Tu's poetic language is close to everyday language. The thinking is sometimes transcendent, but the sentences and words are still close to the daily life around us. Putting mundane words into poetry
, popularly created a very fierce and very unique Han Mac Tu. Han Mac Tu's language shows us Han's fierce pain, shining in the middle of the dream, painful to the point of madness, making the dream dizzy and bringing tears to the reader's eyes.
3.2 The poetic language of Han Mac Tu - a language rich in imagery:
Literary language, especially poetic language, must be rich in imagery. Imagery creates the evocativeness and deep impression of poetry. Images, lines, colors, sounds, and rhythms create the figurative nature of poetic language.
3.2.1 Images in Han Mac Tu's poetry:
The country, clouds, moon, stars, flowers, people... are all expressed in Han Mac Tu's poetry. However, the images in Han Mac Tu's poetry are often very selective, so they have great evocative power. Actually, Han Mac Tu did not pay much attention to describing the scenery, but he used the scenery to convey his mood. The images and scenery in his poetry are images and scenery of mood, so they enter the subconscious of the reader very deeply.
Reading Han Mac Tu's poetry, readers will surely remember the poems: This is Vi Da village; Ripe spring; Da Lat moon is dim. These are the poems considered the most typical, the clearest and the most beautiful in his series of compositions. In general, these poems are still pure, still have the gentle and quiet atmosphere of the scene and the feeling. There is a bit of sadness suggesting
1) Le Dinh Ky, cited book. Page 201
airy but not all
With This is Vy Da village, readers cannot forget the fleeting images that remain deeply in the reader's heart:
Why don't you come back to the village to play? Look at the sunlight on the areca trees, the new sunlight.
The magic of the landscape is painted by simple, rustic, but brilliant and bright images. It is the combination of three elements: sunshine, rows of palm trees, and rising sunlight that creates the spirit of the scene. If one of these three elements is missing, the artistic image will lose its charm.
Placed next to the sunlight of the areca trees, the new sunlight is a green color of the village garden.
Great:
Whose garden is so lush and green like jade?
It is surprising and delightful that before our eyes is a green color, a clear green color that sparkles like jade. If we simply replace the word "moist" with the word "smooth", the poem will lose all its meaning. What a genius! Someone commented: Only Han Mac Tu has enough language to describe the green color of Hue gardens. Not wrong at all.
Amidst the beauty of the garden in the morning sun, a face appears: "Bamboo leaves cover the square face". The poem has a very clear figurative meaning. Bamboo leaves with a square face evoke the nobility and honor of a very Hue face.
And here is another moon boat moored on the poetic moon river to carry the moon back:
Whose boat is moored at that moonlit riverbank? Will it be able to bring the moon back in time tonight?
The scene is both real and dreamlike. Where will the boat that is real on the moonlit river take the moon? To a dreamland perhaps? Evoking in our hearts a feeling of nostalgia and longing.
, the infinite desire for the absolute beauty of the landscape.
And to end the letter, the author uses an illusionary image:
Your shirt is so white I can't see, Here the mist and smoke blur people's figures, Who knows if anyone's love is deep?
poetry
This image is created by the mind, it has contributed to the magic of the song.
Coming to the poem Ripe Spring, we also encounter in the opening verse the image of
that morning sunshine but it is described:
In the sunlight: the apricot smoke dissipates, A pair of thatched roofs are dotted with gold.
The sun is as light as clouds, the sun is dispelling the mist, the mist must not have completely dissipated so the sun and the mist blend together to create an image of a beautiful morning that takes people by surprise. This image is very suitable for the image of the sun dotting on the thatched roof, as if the sun is sprinkling gold on the roofs. And listen to the rustling sound of the wind teasing the hem of the dress, and there spring has come. Spring has come, the grass is green:
The green grass waves ripple to the sky.
Reading this poem, I suddenly remember a verse of Kieu by Nguyen Du:
Green grass stretches to the horizon.
It is also a vast spring, spreading to the horizon with an endless green color. Spring brings a full vitality. In the middle of that vast sky is the image of "many village girls" with their singing voices as if they had a form. Readers not only hear the sound of the singing but can also grasp it, because it is still sitting "precariously" somewhere. In that spring singing, we see the fullness of youth and also in that singing, we suddenly see the author Ria suddenly sad:
Tomorrow in that youthful crowd, there will be someone who will follow her husband and give up the game...
That is the law of life, when a girl grows up she has to get married, even though she knows that, she still feels heartbroken, how much she misses him, how much she regrets...
At the end of the poem the author wrote:
She is still carrying rice this year.
Along the river bank white sunshine?
A question? A lingering feeling? A longing? Who is she? Could she be a village girl who used to sing in the spring, could she be a girl who has fallen in love with her?
Whose heart, now returns in mind. Sunshine again, river again, the village girl carrying rice on that sunny road again, but not "sunshine" but "bright sunshine". It's interesting, the poem opens with the image of "sunshine" and also ends with the image of "sunshine".
1)
Coming to the poem "Da Lat Moonlit Night", we also encounter the poetic and romantic image of a magical moonlit night. The magic of the scenery created the magic of the poem. Quach Tan described the feeling when sitting and watching the moon with Han Mac Tu by Xuan Huong Lake in Da Lat as follows: "We felt like the sky and earth had melted into glass and we were standing suspended in nothingness... Dew soaked our cheeks and a cool breeze ran through our bodies, causing a
2TP 28F
gentle feeling " (1) 2TP27F P2T As for Han Mac Tu, he said: "The scene is truly magical! The voice of the heart blends with the voice of creation! Humans blend into nature." (2) 1)
It can be said that Dalat Moonlit is a pure poem expressing Han Mac Tu's love for nature.
Reviewing some of the typical poems above, we see that the images in Han Mac Tu's poems are similar to those in the poems of other East Asian poets "Thi trung huu hoa." Tu's poems are also wonderful poems about landscapes and people.
The poems mentioned above are all very good, but they are not the poems that create the unique appearance of Han Mac Tu. What creates the unique and distinctive appearance of Han Mac Tu are the poems written during the most painful period of his life. The poems of blood, of tears, of soul, the poems that he often calls crazy poetry. Preserving in the reader's mind about those fierce verses are probably the images of moon - soul - blood. Moon - soul - blood have become unique artistic images of Han Mac Tu. According to Do Lai Thuy: "On the specific creative level, the creative innovation of Han Mac Tu's poetry is expressed by artistic images that are both unique and consistent. Those are the expressive symbols: Moon, soul and blood" (3). 29F 3)
In fact, moon - soul - blood are images that we do not only encounter in Han Mac Tu's poetry. For other poets, especially poets of the same school as Han Mac Tu, we have also encountered those images in their poems. Reading poetry collections such as
: In the poems of Che Lan Vien and Bich Khe, who are in the same school of chaotic poetry as him, we see the image of moon - soul - blood appearing frequently. Of course, when it comes to moon - soul - blood, no one has left a deeper and more diverse mark than Han Mac Tu.
1) 2) Quach Giao: How were the two great poems of Dalat composed? - Lam Dong No. 956 Page 10
3) Do Lai Thuy: Han Mac Tu, a unique phenomenon in Vietnamese poetic thinking according to literary criticism and commentary, Ho Chi Minh City Literature Publishing House 1995. Page 72
Image of "moon".
In the poetry collection Destruction, Che Lan Vien also devoted many articles to the moon such as: Bathing in the moon, Crazy moon, Dreaming of the moon... the moon in Che Lan Vien's poetry is also full of vitality, also close and attached, also passionately infatuated with people:
Stop drowning in the chaotic golden light, Let the moon forever imprint on your skin.
(Moonbathing)
In the pain of the soul, the moon in Che Lan Vien's poetry is also crazy:
But the moon is also crazy, my dear, Why did it suddenly fall to the bottom of a deep hole? Don't talk or laugh or listen, Does it fall into the bottom of a painful soul?
(Crazy Moon)
In the poetry collection Tinh huyet by Bich Khe, there are also many poems written about the moon. The moon in Bich Khe's poetry is also the magical moonlight of the earth and sky, of the infinite desire for the beauty of the universe:
The moon causes gold, gold causes white, The mirror of the lake is silent like a poem.
The moon causes gold, gold causes white, Of the autumn soul lost in a dream.
(Dream of the Qin Song)
There are times when Bich Khe uses the moon to compare and contrast with the beauty of a beautiful woman:
The fresh faces are as beautiful as the moon
(Beauty)
There are times when the poet personifies the moon into a human being to share with the moon the joys, sorrows and pleasures of life:
The scent intoxicates people like the wine of love, The moon's breast feeds people with intoxicating taste.
People are not drunk because they have not tasted the flavor yet,
Drown the moon in a region of water moon, And erase... the ancient shadow's movement.
( Human skull)
Reading the poems about the moon by the above authors, we see that the image of the moon is expressed in many different ways compared to the moon in old poems and the moon of contemporary poets.
Coming to the moon in Han Mac Tu's poetry, we witness the strangeness and uniqueness of the moon image. First of all, compared to Bich Khe and Che Lan Vien, we see that the moon in Han Mac Tu's poetry appears with a denser density. The moon is a consistent image throughout his poetry collection. Let's do a statistical calculation and see:
Name of the poetry collection Author's name
Pain (Han Mac Tu) | Essence of Blood (Bich Khe) | Molder (Che Lan Vien) | |
Total number of poems in each collection | 43 | 42 | 36 |
Number of poems with moon images | 33 | 14 | 11 |
Percentage | 76.7 | 33.3 | 30.5 |
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Measure 4: Make Tools and Toys to Use in Children's Play Activities
As presented in Chapter 1, the moon is Han Mac Tu's passion. The moon is where he confides his feelings for nature. The moon is also where he confides the ultimate pain of his body and soul. The moon is also where he confides the great aspirations of his life.
. The moon is a friend, a confidant, a lover. With all his heart, with rich imagination, with unique artistic language, the moon in Han Mac Tu's poetry appears colorful, diverse, flexible, and unpredictable. Han Mac Tu has exploited and exploited the rhetorical devices: comparison, metaphor, personification, and symbolism to describe the moon. Never before in Vietnamese literature have we seen the moon as fiercely and uniquely beautiful as the moon of Han Mac Tu.
From the moon of nature in poems such as: Missing, Bright Moon or Da Lat Moon Faint, etc., the moon has moved and transformed to become an important and indispensable character in his poetry.
Right from the poetry collection "Country Girl", in the poet's eyes, the moon appeared as a beautiful and seductive girl in many different positions:
The moon lies spread out on the willow branches,
wait for the east wind to come back to flirt.
Oh, the naked moon bathes, revealing a golden mold at the bottom of the ravine.
( Shy )
The moon is really sexy and bold. The verbs: lie, bathe, combined with the adjectives: sprawl, flirtatious, naked, make the moon have a strange attraction. The title of the poem is shy, but the moon is full of provocation. Where is the image of the honest, simple country girls, the moon is excited, bustling, thirsty for love. Is that the image of modern people who want to break free from the shackles, from the strict and unjust constraints of the feudal regime? Han Mac Tu's way of speaking has surpassed the usual habitual way of speaking. The moon in his poetry is no longer the moon of objective reality, it has truly become a person full of intense vitality, this is sensuality. That is why Hoai Thanh - Hoai Chan in Vietnamese Poet commented: "But the love here does not have the dreamy, pure look like the love we are used to placing in the setting of bamboo gardens and pine hills. It is a passionate, languid, exciting love, full of provocative images."
Fierce and fierce, the moon in Han Mac Tu's poetry is also sometimes very gentle and tender.
The newly grown moon is as shy as a girl:
Growing up, the moon was already shy, fragrant like the love of a nun.
The wind is intoxicating, drifting in the light, and the flowers and I are both moved.
(Fantasy)
"Fragrant like the love of a nun" is a metaphor that is both concrete and abstract. What is the fragrance of a nun's love? Perhaps it is the fragrance of virginity, the fragrance of purity in the soul, a holy soul that does not let the dust of life taint it.
There are times when we see the moon as very affectionate and subtle, the moon also knows how to share people's sadness. Then, after years of contemplating life, the moon's posture and mood also change a lot. The moon is no longer lying lazily, in the poem "Please enter my soul", the moon appears in a very strange posture, a posture we have never encountered in poetry before:
Suddenly today, the moon's shadow knelt before the door,