Learning the art of Han Mac Tu's poetry

Phase 3: The early period from symbolism to surrealism with Xuan Nhu Y and Thuong Thanh Khi.

The later period was a decisive return to Cam Chau Duyen, Duyen Ky Ngo, Quan Tien Hoi, which was the neoclassical period.

Hoang Diep used objective factors such as social circumstances and pain of illness to explain Han Mac Tu's poetry. The author said: "Han Mac Tu was influenced by many schools of romanticism, symbolism, and surrealism, but was not completely like the pioneering authors of Western surrealism and symbolism.

It can be said that this is a quite serious research work on the life and works of Han Mac Tu.

Huynh Phan Anh in the article Han Mac Tu or the existence of poetry commented: "In his poetry, one can find words of praise or true emotions of beauty, love, memories, the sacred... a poet who knows himself to be a poet." (Vuong Tri Nhan - Han Mac Tu yesterday and today, Hanoi Writers Association Publishing House 1995. Page 529)

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Pham Dan Binh with the poem "Dissolving in Han Mac Tu" commented on Han Mac Tu's poetry: "Han Mac Tu gradually entered death with an elegant attitude like a lamp about to go out, burning brightly before becoming powerless, or in the middle of autumn, the sky gathered several beautiful sunny days before fading away: Han Mac Tu poured all his life into his soul, while his body was fading, all that spiritual life flowed into his poetry" (Phan Cu De - cited book, page 384).

Vu Long Te with his thesis Poetic experience and spiritual journey of Han Mac Tu has gone into researching different aspects in Han Mac Tu's poetry: Art and faith, the beginning of a new poetics, pleasure and pain of the soul, aesthetician, language reformer...

Regarding the art of language in Han Mac Tu's poetry, he wrote: "The poetic language cultivated by Han Mac Tu seems to be unique because of the skillful choice of harmonious and interesting words, because of the magic of describing the arising images, because of the diversity of the forms of rhyme and rhythm that are suitable for the enthusiasm of inspiration, because of the talent of mastering the eight-word verse form which is an essential contribution of the new poetry movement, in short, because of the genius ways of applying a rich art." (Phan Cu De, cited book. Page 465)

Dang Tien, with the poem Faith in Han Mac Tu's poetry, tried to prove that Han Mac Tu was a Catholic poet: "He spent his whole life answering the blessing, resounding in the mysterious night cover, a call from the upper atmosphere."

Although there is a limitation in the way of looking at it, equating Nguyen Trong Tri, a Catholic, with Han Mac Tu, a talented poet, Dang Tien's evaluation and analysis have many unique and subtle features. He admitted that: "In Han Mac Tu, there is a harmony between a full faith and a warm soul, creating a very profound source of poetry" and "In Han Mac Tu's work, there are also many traces of a Vietnamese humanism". (Phan Cu De, cited book, pages 403, 414, 415, 431).

Bui Xuan Bao with Poetry and Expression in Han Mac Tu's Poetry and Literature has researched images related to expression in Han Mac Tu's poetry such as: Moon, dream, poetic inspiration.

, creativity, god... he commented: "The special poems of Han Mac Tu, especially in his most unique themes, are poems related to emotions: the universe, beliefs, religions and poetry are all tinged with those images." (Phan Cu De, cited book, page 445)

Le Huy Oanh in the article Reading again in the middle of the moon emphasized another aspect of Han Mac Tu's genius: "In the works of Han Mac Tu as well as Xuan Dieu - Huy Can - Bich Khe - Che Lan Vien, people often cannot distinguish between poetry and prose. Most of their prose works, even those of an argumentative nature, are filled with poetic flavor. Han Mac Tu is one of the poets who has made great contributions to spreading and promoting prose poetry in our country." (Vuong Tri Nhan book cited page 523)

Nguyen Kim Chuong commented with the article "Han Mac Tu's Sorrow and Creativity": "Wind, moon, tears and especially blood and especially materials, are the source of his creative inspiration" and "sorrow has raised Han Mac Tu and made the poet live forever in the hearts of poetry lovers". (Vuong Tri Nhan book cited pages 504, 506)

In addition to the typical research articles mentioned above, in the South during this period, people also researched Han Mac Tu from many different aspects, including anecdotes and thrilling stories to satisfy readers' tastes and cause no small harm to the poet Han Mac Tu.

In summary, in the period 1945 - 1985, the research achievements on Han Mac Tu were mainly in the South before the liberation day (1975). Although there were certain limitations, researchers made many efforts in analyzing and explaining the ideological content as well as the unique artistic forms in Han Mac Tu's poetry.

2.3 Period from 1986 to present:

In 1986, after the 6th Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam, our country entered a period of innovation. Many social, cultural and literary issues must be re-examined satisfactorily. In the whirlwind of this innovation, literature from 1930 to 1945 was reviewed from the viewpoint of: "Properly handling the relationship between literature and politics and literary viewpoints in research, criticism and teaching literature" (1) 2F 1) "We must have a deep understanding of the human values of the inherently rich and wonderful spiritual world of humans in order to have the ability to perceive and evaluate literary phenomena in a more reasonable and scientific way". (2)2)

From such a point of view, literature from 1930 to 1945 has been reviewed. The literary phenomena of the Tu Luc Van Doan group and the New Poetry movement have been studied and reviewed by critics. Han Mac Tu and his works have also been analyzed and evaluated scientifically and seriously by critics from a new point of view.

In 1987, the literary publishing house published the Han Mac Tu Collection. And in the same year, the Nghia Binh Department of Culture and Information published the Han Mac Tu poetry collection. Che Lan Vien, with the preface "Who are you, Han Mac Tu?", affirmed the genius of Han Mac Tu and made accurate comments about his works. According to him: "Han Mac Tu is not a surrealist poet. Before and after, he was still a romantic who used many surrealist elements, which is what our ancestors had used before."

Also in this article, Che Lan Vien went into researching the unique and distinctive artistic aspects in Han Mac Tu's poetry. He wrote: "With other poets, we study and get to know them by heart. The more we know them, the more we get into them. The more we discover and love them. But with Han Mac Tu, sometimes we have to love him first, know him first. Thanks to that, we get used to his wonders, his superlatives, his madness, his madness, his bottoms, his peaks, and thanks to that, we understand him. Understand why he can hear things we don't hear, see colors we don't see... He has visions we're not used to... He wears things we rarely wear... even his food is different. The paradoxical structure of Han Mac Tu! That's his magnificent soul, but that's the tragedy of his life. I understand it."

In 1990, on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of Han Mac Tu's death, a series of critical articles commemorating and researching Han Mac Tu were published.

1) 2) Nguyen Dinh Chu - Need to correctly perceive literature from the period 1930-1945, People's Teachers Newspaper, special issues 27,28,29,30,31, pages 4,5

Associate Professor Phung Quy Nham with the article Characteristics of Han Mac Tu's Poetry Soul had unique comments on both the content and art of Han Mac Tu's poetry according to him: "The art of Han Mac Tu's poetry is a magical romantic art in discovering the dimensions of the soul interwoven in infinite spaces, in infinite moments of time". And he affirmed: "The ability to associate strongly, transform and be full of vitality is the artistic characteristic of Han Mac Tu's poetry". (Che Lan Vien - Han Mac Tu, Literature Publishing House, Ho Chi Minh City, 1995, page 59).

Lai Nguyen An in the article "Central Vietnamese temperament" and poet Han Mac Tu mentioned "regional qualities" and "Central Vietnamese temperament" in the creative personality of Han Mac Tu. He also paid attention to the Central Vietnamese language in Han Mac Tu's works.

Ngo Van Phu in the poem Han Mac Ta describes a strange poem commented that: "His poetry enters a whirlwind, blending human life and poetic life. Between the feeling of suffering and happiness from the bottom of the heart; Between the desire for metaphysical things and the private desires of a life lived to the fullest in illness, in poetic passion, and in the sacred feelings that only he has between the mystical world and the mundane world." Commenting on his art, he wrote: "His style is unlike any other poet. He is new, he is so emotional that people cannot keep up with the internal movements that only his soul can explain."

Nguyen Minh Vy in the article "The Man Han Mac Tu Through His Poetry" also had a comment similar to Ngo Van Phu: "He is a person with a rich soul, he has deep emotions about human life, about love, about affection... So his thinking is different from people who are not like him, do not have the same thinking as him."

Artist Nguyen Quan in the article I'm still here commented on Han Mac Tu's poetry very uniquely: "His poetry "hangs precariously" breathing, feeling the warmth and coldness of both the red and violet poles of the human soul, the life and details of people and nature. Han Mac Tu is older than new poetry and newer than the people who created that movement."

Nguyen Viet Lam with the poem Remembering Han Mac Tu said: "Different from Claudel's Catholic poetry. Han Mac Tu raised his poetic soul to the realm of the upper air, to a certain pure sky, in the dream of an eternal spring life he longed for, not only for himself but for the whole world: Four seasons of spring, four seasons of spring of mountains and rivers" (Phan Cu De cited book, page 486).

Do Lai Thuy with the poem Han Mac Tu, a unique poetic thinking, commented that: "As for Han Mac Tu, his contribution is only considered in the lyrical aspect compared to his contemporaries."

also has many differences. " "The lyricism of Han Mac Tu is suggestive, not inspirational. The poet does not directly convey his emotions to the reader through the means of language, but through the language itself, awakens that potential in the reader, so the reader's feelings are fuller and deeper because it avoids external imposition." In this article, Do Lai Thuy also studies the combination of religious thinking and lyricism in Han Mac Tu's poetry. According to him: "Han Mac Tu is the one who built a model for his poetry. That is lyricism combined with religious thinking." (Che Lan Vien - Han Mac Tu, cited book, pages 63, 75).

In the article Beauty in Han Mac Tu's poetry, Vu Quan Phuong commented: "Han Mac Tu always tends to turn inward, he rarely describes, rarely tells from the perspective of the eyes. Commenting on the language in the poetry collection Pain, he wrote: "At this stage, the words that shocked readers were not because of their strangeness but because of their specific, mundane nature, the verbs of the body: spit, spit, cool bath, dry throat, untie poetry, untie dreams, vomit out drops of blood.

..."(Looking back at some literary phenomena - People's Teacher Newspaper No. 27,28,29,30,31 Page 18).

Vuong Tri Nhan in the poem Soul of Ecstatic Poetry affirmed the new contributions of Han Mac Tu "Compared to contemporary poets, there is a contribution of Han Mac Tu that no one can deny, which is the contribution to expanding the borders of poetry". Regarding the language of Han Mac Tu's poetry, he commented: "Contrary to the notions of subtlety in Han Mac Tu's poetry, words related to the movements of the mouth are always used, the poet often talks about blood". (Vuong Tri Nhan cited book, pages 573, 575, 586). He concluded about Han Mac Tu

: "Han Mac Tu is a poet of moments of ecstasy. Those moments rarely happen but still exist."

Professor Le Dinh Ky in the book New Poetry, Ups and Downs, published by Ho Chi Minh City Literature Publishing House in 1993, wrote about Han Mac Tu as follows: "Han Mac Tu is only strange

, only "vague" "mocking" in the poetic idea but not in the sentences, in the words, in the poetic rhythm, not the strangeness in the poetic thinking like Bich Khe." and he commented on Han Mac Tu's poetry: "In Han Mac Tu, the strangeness, the illusion of feeling, of fantasy is wrapped in the shell of language.

, the "vulgar" way of speaking is not transcendent but very everyday, concrete, physical, and materialistic. (Page 191)

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Recently, Professor Hoang Nhan in the article Surrealism in AndréBreton and Han Mac Tu published in Saigon Giai Phong newspaper on April 4, 1996 commented: "Han Mac Tu's surrealism is imbued with the oriental synthetic intuition about time - space, people".

people, universe, physical, soul... For that reason, his surrealism goes beyond the framework of doctrines. "Learning about the surrealism in Han Mac Tu's poetry to see the cultural exchange between East and West and Han Mac Tu still has the strong identity of a Vietnamese poetic soul."

In addition to the opinions mentioned above, during this period, the research on Han Mac Tu also had works worth noting. These are the works of the authors: Tran Thi Huyen Trang, Nguyen Ba Tin, Nguyen Thuy Kha... and some essays and articles by teachers, critics, people who love Han Mac Tu's poetry, students and researchers, etc.

The general trend of these research works is that the authors have analyzed and explained aspects of the content and art of Han Mac Tu's poetry according to the current new perspective to affirm the true values of Han Mac Tu's works.

Looking back at the history of research on Han Mac Tu through three stages, we see that researchers have emphasized the following issues:

1- The poetic soul of Han Mac Tu is the poetic soul of the ultimate pain of the body and soul, the poetic soul of the desire for love and life.

2- Researchers all agree that Han Mac Tu's poetry has surreal elements but in general it is still romantic inspiration.

3- About art Han Mac Tu is a poet with unique art in using poetic language.

3. Scope of the topic and direction of thesis implementation:

3.1 Scope of the topic: Based on the achievements of previous research works, with time and conditions allowed, in this thesis we delve into and study two issues in the art of Han Mac Tu's poetry: That is the issue of time and artistic space and the issue of language in his poetry.

During the research process, we referred to all of Han Mac Tu's works from prose to poetic drama, but the thesis's survey was mainly based on the poetry collections Le Thanh Thi Thap, Gai Que, Dau Thuong, Xuan Nhu Y, Thuong Thanh Khi, and Cam Chau Duyen.

3.2 Thesis implementation direction:

First of all, we rely on the works of Han Mac Tu, mainly poetry.

to determine the main inspiration in his poetry. Han Mac Tu's works come from the inner "I" from physical pain, mental pain and intense desire for life, for love, for communication with the universe. Those main inspirations will be the basis for discovering the unique art in his poetry.

Next, the thesis will examine artistic time and artistic space in Han Mac Tu's poetry from the perspective of poetics.

Finally, the thesis examines some issues about the art of language in Han Mac Tu's poetry such as: Language of everyday nature. Language rich in artistic imagery (Images, colors, sounds, rhythms).

4. Research method:

Within the scope of this topic, the author will use some of the following research methods.

This :

4.1 System research method:

The author uses the systematic research method to determine that Han Mac Tu's poetry is in the system of the new poetry movement in the period 1930-1945. Placing his poetry in this system, the thesis identifies common issues between his poetry and the poetry of that movement. Also placed in that poetic system, the author affirms the unique and novel features of Han Mac Tu's poetic contributions to national literature.

With this method, the author also places Han Mac Tu's poetry in the chaotic poetry school at that time to find his unique characteristics compared to Che Lan Vien and Bich Khe.

, Yen Lan...Using the systematic method, the writer places Han Mac Tu's poetry in a whole influenced by romantic inspiration.

4.2 Comparison method:

The author uses the comparative method to compare Han Mac Tu's poetry with contemporary authors of the same period and movement such as Huy Can, Xuan Dieu, Che Lan Vien, and Bich Khe, thereby affirming the unique features in Han Mac Tu's poetic art.

During the research process, the author also used the comparative method to evaluate the changes in poetic art through the stages and poetry collections of Han Mac Tu.

4.3 In addition, during the research process, the writer also used a number of techniques and measures such as: Statistics and creating forms.

The above methods are not performed individually or separately, but are applied in combination with each other in the process of surveying, analyzing and evaluating issues in the content of the thesis.

5. Structure of the thesis:

Introduction

The content of the thesis consists of 3 chapters.

Chapter One: Main Inspiration in Han Mac Tu's Poetry

1) Pain and desire are abundant sources of inspiration that create the excellent poems of Han Mac Tu.

1.1 Pain

- Physical pain

- Mental pain

1.2 Aspiration

- Desire to live

- Desire for love

- Creative aspiration