HANOI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES
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NGUYEN THI YEN
INSPIRATION AND RELIGIOUS MATERIALS IN THE POETRY OF HAN MAC TU AND HUY CAN
MASTER'S THESIS SUMMARY IN LITERATURE
HANOI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES
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NGUYEN THI YEN
INSPIRATION AND RELIGIOUS MATERIALS IN THE POETRY OF HAN MAC TU AND HUY CAN
MASTER'S THESIS IN LITERATURE
Major: Literary Theory – Code 60 22 32
Scientific supervisor: Associate Professor, Dr. Tran Khanh Thanh
INDEX
INTRODUCTION 3
1. Reasons for choosing topic 3
2. Problem history 4
2.1 Han Mac Tu 4
2.2 Huy Can 5
3. Research object and scope 7
4. Research methods 7
4.1. Systemic method 7
4.2. Statistical survey method 7
4.3. Analysis and comparison method 7
5. Structure of the thesis 8
Chapter 1: RELIGION AND RELIGIOUS INSPIRATION IN LITERATURE9 1.1. General theory of religion9
1.1.1. Religion and the origin of religion 9
1.1.2. The nature of religion 15
1.2. Religious inspiration in literature 18
Chapter 2 : RELIGIOUS INSPIRATION IN HAN MAC TU'S POETRY 22
2.1. Han Mac Tu - A pious but unfortunate Christian 22
2.2. From poetic inspiration to religious inspiration in poetry is the desire to reach the ultimate of Han Mac Tu 26
2.2.1. Inspiration in poetry 26
2.2.2. Religious inspiration in poetry 28
2.2.3. The ultimate desire of Han Mac Tu 34
2.3. Han Mac Tu's poetry is a colorful and lively religious world 39
2.4. Faith is an indispensable element in the life and artistic creation of Han Mac Tu 44
Chapter 3: INSPIRATION AND RELIGIOUS MATERIALS IN HUY CAN'S POETRY 50
3.1. Huy Can, the poet of life's love and the desire for eternal life 50
3.1.1. Some features of Huy Can's life 50
3.1.2. Huy Can's journey of poetic creation 50
3.2. Inspiration and religious material in Huy Can's poetry before the August Revolution 51
3.2.1. Confessions of a man who lost paradise 51
3.2.2. Taoist philosophy and the desire to roam freely in the universe 55
3.3. Inspiration and religious material in Huy Can's poetry after the August Revolution 58
CONCLUSION 67
LIST OF REFERENCES 69
INTRODUCTION
1. Reason for choosing the topic
Religion is a historical social phenomenon, which emerged early and has had a profound influence on the spiritual life of mankind. For a long time, religion and art have had a close relationship and interpenetrated each other, sometimes it is difficult to distinguish between literary works and religious doctrines. Religion is an attractive topic and an endless source of inspiration for poets and writers. Many world artistic masterpieces are oriented towards the theme of religion. Religion is an attractive territory for poets and writers to express their ultimate desire for beauty and for the mysterious hidden realm in the human soul, contributing to guiding people towards goodness.
In the history of Vietnamese literature, the relationship between literature and religion is quite close. In the medieval period, Vietnamese literature was strongly influenced by Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism. Especially in the Ly-Tran period, Buddhism deeply influenced literary themes and inspirations, creating a unique mark in the development of Vietnamese literature.
Entering the modern era, along with the cultural exchange between East and West, the relationship between literature and religion has many new nuances. Besides the mutual influence between literature and traditional Eastern religions, there is also the equally strong influence of Christianity spread from the West in the 19th century to the early 20th century. Those mutual influences are expressed quite concentratedly in the poetry of Han Mac Tu and Huy Can. Although the colors and levels are different, Han Mac Tu and Huy Can both use quite a lot of religious materials and take religious inspiration to create unique poems, creating an attractive artistic world, full of sacred atmosphere. That is the reason why we choose Inspiration and religious materials in the poetry of Han Mac Tu and Huy Can as the topic of our master's thesis, considering it as a direction to explore and research the artistic world of Han Mac Tu and Huy Can's poetry.
2. Problem history
2.1 Han Mac Tu
In 1987, when the Literature Publishing House published the Han Mac Tu Collection , poet Che Lan Vien wrote an introduction with a rather unique title: Han Mac Tu, who are you? Until now, despite spending a lot of ink, researchers have not been able to thoroughly answer the question "Han Mac Tu, who are you?". Han Mac Tu is a great, unique talent with a fierce and strange poetic soul. His poetry has scenes of the countryside, passionate, passionate love for the countryside, and also scenes of bloodlust and a very terrifying crazy soul. Han Mac Tu calls himself "the poet of the holy army", opening his poetic vein in God. It is the inspiration and religious material that have contributed to creating a unique poetic world, but until now there has been no systematic research on the inspiration and religious material in Han Mac Tu's poetry.
In general, the history of Han Mac Tu research has three major stages with relatively definite time frames: One is before 1945, two is from 1945-1987, three is from 1987 to present.
Before 1945, most of the opinions were affirmative, praising Han Mac Tu's talent in works such as Vietnamese Poets by Hoai Thanh - Hoai Chan, Modern Writers by Vu Ngoc Phan, especially the works Han Mac Tu, Life and Poetry by Tran Thanh Mai and other articles all praised Han Mac Tu's name like a strange comet streaking across the sky of Vietnamese poetry.
From 1945 to 1987, the study of Han Mac Tu was divided into two areas, the North and the South. In the North, due to war conditions and strict viewpoints, the affirmation was still reserved and narrow. Meanwhile, in the South, there was a bit of exaggeration in praising Han Mac Tu's poetry.
From 1987 to now, the atmosphere of innovation has liberated thinking, inspired creativity for literary critics, and made the evaluation of literary phenomena in the past more open and objective. Many New Poetry writers have been viewed in a new spirit. For the first time, the Anthology of Han Mac Tu's Poetry was published nationwide. Poet Che Lan Vien highly appreciated his fellow poet of the same school. From here, the study of Han Mac Tu became more
flourished more than ever. Han Mac Tu's poetry was taught in high schools as one of the brightest faces of the New Poetry movement, and taught in universities as an author of modern Vietnamese literature. Han Mac Tu's poetry and literature were reprinted many times. Research works, collections, memoirs, monographs, treatises, and commentaries on Han Mac Tu's works were published one after another. Researchers have explored and discovered more and more deeply the spiritual heritage of Han Mac Tu, and some researchers have sought out the sacred and mysterious realm in his poetry. Typical are the articles: The influence of Buddhism in Han Mac Tu's poetry (Quach Tan), Han Mac Tu with faith , Religion and life in Han Mac Tu's poetry (Yen Lan). These articles initially analyzed the relationship between religion and artistic inspiration in Han Mac Tu's poetry, creating important bases for the author to carry out this thesis. The religious element in Han Mac Tu's poetry is easy to see. But what aspects does it influence in the artistic world of Han Mac Tu's poetry? Does it belong to the category of emotions (Religious faith?) or artistic thinking (Religious thinking)? And is religion in Han Mac Tu purely Catholic or does it also include Buddhism? From these questions, the writer can find the answers while coming to the artistic world of Han Mac Tu's poetry.
2.2 Huy Can
Huy Can has gone through a poetic journey of more than half a century. In every period, Huy Can's poetry has attracted the attention of critics, researchers and a large number of readers. Up to now, there have been more than 100 essays and monographs on Huy Can's poetry from many different perspectives, from a poem, a creative journey or an outstanding feature, a great source of inspiration to more systematic and general works on the perspective of poetics and the artistic world of Huy Can's poetry.
Poets and literary critics such as Xuan Dieu, Vu Ngoc Phan, Hoai Thanh, Che Lan Vien, Truong Chinh, Le Dinh Ky, Trinh Duong, Ha Minh Duc, Nguyen Dang Manh, Nguyen Hoanh Khung, Nguyen Van Long, Tran Khanh Thanh, Tran Dinh Su, Vu Quan Phuong, Do Lai Thuy... all have profound essays and monographs about Huy Can. The authors all appreciate Huy Can's contributions on both poetic journeys, before and after.
and after the revolution. Many opinions have explained the process of Huy Can's creative inspiration through his poetry collections, outlining the unique features of Huy Can's poetic style about love of life, the longing for space, the calm tone, etc. These critical essays are collected quite fully in two works: Huy Can's life and poetry - selected and introduced by Tran Khanh Thanh [31]; Huy Can about the author and his works - selected and introduced by Tran Khanh Thanh and Le Duc Tu [32].
In general, the history of Huy Can's poetry research can be divided into two periods, before and after the August Revolution.
Pre-August Revolution period: In 1940, Huy Can's poetry collection Sacred Fire was introduced to readers with a very enthusiastic introduction by poet Xuan Dieu. With a sensitive soul, with the understanding of a soulmate, Xuan Dieu pointed out Huy Can's feelings in poetry. Huy Can's sadness in the world, his passionate love of life, his ability to listen to the soul of heaven and earth were convincingly explained by Xuan Dieu. In Vietnamese Poets , Hoai Thanh pointed out a prominent feature in Huy Can's poetic soul: "Perhaps the poet in his journey had once glimpsed the depth of time and space, perhaps he had heard in his soul the cold wind from infinity" [30]. Thus, besides evaluating Huy Can as a typical, unique poetic voice of the New Poetry movement, critics have pointed out a number of characteristics in Huy Can's artistic sense, initially recognizing the sacred, ancient, and noble realm in Sacred Fire.
After the August Revolution, Huy Can published many collections of poems: The sky every day is bright again, The land blooms, The poem of life, Your two hands, The 60s, The battlefield is near to the distant battlefield, The days of living, the days of poetry, etc., which attracted the attention of many critics and researchers. A series of articles and essays promptly affirmed Huy Can's new achievements. The authors mainly focused on the fundamental, positive innovations in Huy Can's soul and poetry after the revolution. There are two quite elaborate monographs on Huy Can's entire poetic career. They are Huy Can's Poetic World (1987) by Xuan Dieu and Huy Can's Poetic Poetry (2002) by Tran Khanh Thanh. In Huy Can's Poetic Poetry, Tran Khanh Thanh analyzed Huy Can's concept of