Organization of computers
Input block: is where information is received from input devices, and
pass this information to other blocks for processing.
The most common input devices: mouse and keyboard, in addition there are microphones and scanners, cameras…
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Output block: receives information that the computer has processed and sends it to the output device so that the world outside the computer can use the information.
The most common output devices: monitors, printers, speakers, internet networks, etc.
Organization of computers
Memory: stores data
and command (program)
Cache: cache
Physical RAM: Physical RAM
Virtual memory: virtual memory
(usually hard drive)
Temporary memory
Memory
long term
Organization of computers
Central Processing Unit:
Organization of computers
Control unit: Controls the operation of the machine.
There are two registers.
Instruction register: contains the instruction being executed.
perform
Program counter: contains the address of the next instruction to be executed.
Bus: data transmission line
Organization of computers
Processing steps in order:
1.
2.
Fetch instruction
Decode instruction
Receive order
3.
4.
Get data if needed (get data)
Execute the instruction
Execute the command
Organization of computers
Cycle of receiving and executing commands
Organization of computers
RAM and ROM (internal memory):
RAM: random access memory, memory cells have the same access speed.
Data in RAM can be changed
Store data during execution
ROM: Read-only memory
Stored data cannot be changed
Stores data that the computer needs when it starts up.
Organization of computers
Secondary memory (auxiliary memory):
Has large capacity
Access speed is slower than internal memory (RAM) For example:
magnetic tape, magnetic disk (hard drive, floppy disk), optical disk