THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY
UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION
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TRINH THI THAO
THE ART OF POETRY IN SAN CHI FOLK SONGS
(Through survey of collected documents in Kien Lao commune, Luc Ngan district, Bac Giang province)
MASTER'S THESIS IN LINGUISTIC SCIENCE
Thai Nguyen – 2013
THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY
UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION
TRINH THI THAO
THE ART OF POETRY IN SAN CHI FOLK SONGS
(Through survey of collected documents in Kien Lao commune, Luc Ngan district, Bac Giang province)
MAJOR: VIETNAMESE LITERATURE CODE: 60220121
MASTER'S THESIS IN LINGUISTIC SCIENCE
Scientific supervisor: Associate Professor, Dr. Tran Duc Ngon
Thai Nguyen – 2013
COMMITMENT
I hereby certify that this is my own research work under the scientific guidance of Associate Professor, Dr. Tran Duc Ngon.
The content of the thesis research topic has not been published in any other work.
Thai Nguyen, May 2013
Thesis author
Trinh Thi Thao
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First of all, I would like to express my deep gratitude to Associate Professor, Dr. Tran Duc Ngon, who has wholeheartedly guided, instructed, led and helped me throughout the time I have been working on and completing this thesis.
I would like to express my deep gratitude to the teachers of the K19 graduate literature class, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies, Faculty of Literature, Thai Nguyen University of Education who have guided and imparted knowledge to me throughout my study and research.
I would like to sincerely thank Ms. Ly Thi Keo, who helped me in the process of collecting documents to complete this thesis.
Finally, I would like to express my gratitude to my family members, colleagues and friends who have always encouraged and created the best conditions for me throughout my study and research.
Thai Nguyen, May 22, 2013 Author
Trinh Thi Thao
INDEX
Page
Additional cover page......................................................................................................................
Commitment..........................................................................................................................
Acknowledgements ..............................................................................................................
Table of Contents i
INTRODUCTION 1
1. Reasons for choosing topic 1
2. History of research on problem 2
3. Purpose and requirements of topic 7
4. Research object and scope 8
5. Research methods and survey materials 8
6. Thesis layout 8
CONTENT 9
Chapter 1. OVERVIEW OF SAN CHI FOLK SONGS 9
1.1. OWNER OF SAN CHI FOLK SONGS 9
1.1.1. Brief history of the San Chi ethnic group 9
1.1.2. Culture of the San Chi people 10
1.1.2.1. Social organizational culture 10
1.1.2.2. Cultural activities 12
1.1.2.3. Culture and customs 13
1.1.2.4. Literature and art 14
1.2. PERFORMANCE OF SAN CHI FOLK SONGS 14
1.3. CONTENT OF SAN CHI FOLK SONGS 17
1.3.1. Love between men and women 18
1.3.1.1. Love with meeting, missing and desire for happiness in pairing... 18 1.3.1.2. Love with incompleteness, separation 24
1.3.2. Love of homeland 26
1.3.2.1. The pain of seeing the homeland destroyed by the enemy 26
1.3.2.2. Emotional attachment to nature and life 28
Chapter 2. POETRY FORM AND POETRY STRUCTURE IN SAN CHI FOLK SONGS .. 31 2.1. POETRY FORM 31
2.1.1. Overview of the seven-word quatrain 31
2.1.2. Poem 33
2.1.3. Rhythm of poetry 38
2.1.4. Tone 40
2.2. POEM STRUCTURE 42
2.2.1. Response structure 43
2.2.2. One-way structure 47
2.2.3. Overlapping structure 48
Chapter 3. RHETORICAL DEVICES, LANGUAGE DESCRIBING TIME
SPACE AND ARTISTIC SPACE IN SAN CHI FOLK SONGS .. 53 3.1. RHETORICAL DEVICES 53
3.1.1. Comparison 53
3.1.1.1. Structure of comparison in San Chi folk songs 53
3.1.1.2. The value of comparative art in San Chi folk songs 56
3.1.2. Metaphor 60
3.1.2.1. The use of metaphors in San Chi folk songs 60
3.1.2.2. The role of metaphor in San Chi folk songs 62
3.1.3. Personification 65
3.1.3.1. The use of personification in San Chi folk songs 65
3.1.3.2. The role of personification in San Chi folk songs 67
3.2. LANGUAGE OF ARTISTIC TIME AND SPACE
ART IN SAN CHI FOLK SONGS 70
3.2.1. Language expressing artistic time 70
3.2.1.1. Real-time representation language 71
3.2.1.2. Language expressing psychological time 74
3.2.1.3. Language expressing simultaneous time 76
3.2.2. Language expressing artistic space 80
3.2.2.1. Language expressing natural space 81
3.2.2.2. Language expressing living space 85
CONCLUSION 90
REFERENCES 93
APPENDIX............................................................................................................
INTRODUCTION
1. Reason for choosing the topic
Folk songs in general, and folk songs of the San Chi people in Kien Lao and Luc Ngan in particular, are still considered spiritual food for many people in their daily lives. In Kien Lao, folk songs have long been preserved, performed, enjoyed, and even composed by the people at all times, in all places, and in all circumstances.
The appeal of folk songs (which the San Chi people often call sinh ca ) is not only in the singing voice and rhythm when singing but also in the diverse beauty of the lyrical verses in the seven-word quatrains. The San Chi people in Kien Lao create, express or enjoy culture and art for no other purpose than to cultivate and enrich their souls, but they always wish that these valuable spiritual products will not only be passed down forever but also be enriched, reaching many people in all regions of the country. From the above reality, when choosing to study the artistic value of San Chi folk songs in Kien Lao (Luc Ngan, Bac Giang), we aim to discover the beauty of the verses and foster the awareness of preserving this folk song heritage of the San Chi people. We consider this a practical task.
In fact, research on the artistic values of San Chi folk songs, up to now, is still a gap in science. Previous research works have not mentioned much about this issue.
For the above reasons, we decided to research the topic "The art of poetry in San Chi folk songs" (Through a survey of collected documents in Kien Lao commune, Luc Ngan district, Bac Giang province) with the hope of contributing a small part to the process of studying folk songs of Vietnamese ethnic minorities in general and folk songs of the San Chi people in particular.
2. History of research on the problem
- The work Folk songs - San Chay ethnic group - San Chi group in Kien Lao commune, Luc Ngan district, Bac Giang province (project leader Nguyen Xuan Can, Bac Giang, 1999) can be considered as an initial investigation, survey, and research work on San Chi folk songs (sinh ca) in Kien Lao commune, Luc Ngan district. In this work, the authors have delved into the origin of the San Chi people, pointing out the natural conditions, economy, culture, and customs of this ethnic group (in Vietnam in general, in Kien Lao in particular). The authors Tran Van Lang and Nguyen Huu Tu included in the topic the San Chi Han-Nom vocabulary table, San Chi lyrics (but not many - over 30 songs) after fieldwork, collection, and translation (compared to the book "San Chi folk songs in Kien Lao - Luc Ngan" later, the number of songs in this work accounts for a small proportion). In addition, in each part and chapter of the work, the authors have introduced quite specifically the folk singing forms of the San Chi people or presented and analyzed the current status of Sinh Ca singing of the people in Kien Lao - Luc Ngan. The most general comment on the existence and development of San Chi folk songs, Tran Van Lang wrote : "San Chi folk songs are a type of folk song that has existed for a long time with lullabies, vi songs, and male-female dialogues expressing the good feelings between people and people, people and nature, making life better. This type of folk song was very popular in the past and was sung regularly by the San Chi people anytime, anywhere. However, for more than 20 years now, this type of folk song has been forgotten and gradually become unfamiliar to the young generation of San Chi [4, 30].
In general, the work is considered an initial success carried out by the group of authors after a period of fieldwork, surveying, and writing reports on folk songs of the San Chi people in Kien Lao, Luc Ngan. In the work, there are some arguments about the content of the lyrics (not yet analyzed or proven in depth), while the characteristics of the artistic form of the lyrics are almost not mentioned by the authors. However, the topic has gathered and summarized important practical premises related to