Socio-economic factors allow us to make development forecasts between grape growing and processing in the studied provinces, especially in Ninh Thuan and Binh Thuan provinces.
5. Main contributions of the thesis
Building a theoretical basis for the linkage between grape growing and processing in Ninh Thuan, Binh Thuan and Khanh Hoa provinces.
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Assessment of the current status of grape cultivation and processing in Ninh Thuan, Binh Thuan and Khanh Hoa provinces.
Finding development directions for grapevines in Ninh Thuan, Binh Thuan, Khanh Hoa provinces.
Model and solution to perfect the linkage of grape growing and processing between Ninh Thuan, Binh Thuan and Khanh Hoa provinces.
6. Thesis structure
In addition to the introduction, conclusion, list of references and appendixes, table of contents of the topic; the main content of the topic includes 3 chapters:
Chapter 1 : General theoretical basis
Chapter 2 : Factors affecting and current status of grape growing and processing in Khanh Hoa, Ninh Thuan, Binh Thuan provinces.
Chapter 3 : Territorial organization orientation between grape growing and processing in Khanh Hoa, Ninh Thuan and Binh Thuan provinces.
Chapter 1: GENERAL THEORETICAL BASIS
1.1. Organization of Agricultural Territory
1.1.1. Concept
Territorial organization of agriculture is a form of organizing social production according to territory.
According to KIIvanov, VGKriutokov and some other authors, the concept of agricultural territorial organization is as follows:
The organization of agricultural territory is understood as a system of spatial connections of sectors, agricultural enterprises and territories based on the latest technical processes, specialization, centralization, federation and cooperation of production, allowing the most effective use of territorial differences in natural conditions, economy, labor resources and ensuring the highest social labor productivity. [16, p. 70].
Thus, the Agricultural Territorial Organization shows some of the following highlights:
- Division of labor according to territory along with the combination of nature, economy, and labor resources is the basis for forming territorial relationships.
- The sectoral and territorial aspects are closely intertwined in the organization of agricultural territories.
- The spatial characteristics of production largely originate from the nature of exploitation and use of existing production conditions.
- Economic efficiency is the top criterion in organizing agricultural territories. [16, p. 71].
The organization of agricultural territory is not immutable. In the present conditions, the problem of organizing agricultural territory is closely linked to the scientific and technological revolution which is becoming a direct productive force. Thanks to the achievements of
In this revolution, many forms of agricultural territorial organization have appeared and are bringing high economic efficiency.
Agricultural production depends more on natural conditions than other production sectors. Agricultural activities cover a large territory with very different natural conditions. To a certain extent, certain natural conditions may or may not be favorable for the development of each type of livestock and crop. Therefore, when outlining forms of agricultural territorial organization, it is necessary to carefully study natural conditions and evaluate them from an ecological perspective. That means that livestock and crops must be distributed in places with the most suitable conditions. Therefore, the distribution of livestock and crops must be carried out on the basis of outlining forms of agricultural territorial organization.
Research on the form of agricultural territorial organization creates conditions to promote and deepen the specialization of agricultural production. At the same time, perfecting the form of agricultural territorial organization also creates conditions to improve labor productivity.
1.1.2. Some forms of agricultural territorial organization
Agricultural territorial organization has many forms from low to high, from simple to complex. Within the scope of the topic, I would like to present some important forms of agricultural territorial organization.
1.1.2.1. Agricultural enterprises
An agricultural enterprise is a unity of labor force, tools and objects of labor to produce material wealth for society. Each enterprise is legally independent and can have relations with other enterprises.
In socialist countries, state farms, agricultural cooperatives are considered agricultural enterprises.
In Western countries, the forms related to agricultural enterprises are farms and plantations.
1.1.2.2. Agricultural synthesis
According to KIIvanov, the agricultural complex as a combination of agricultural enterprises with mutual relations and territorial connections as well as of agricultural enterprises and agricultural enterprises allows on the basis of the latest technical processes to make the fullest use of natural conditions, economic geography (including transport geography) and historically formed economic conditions to achieve the highest social labor productivity.
The agricultural synthesis can highlight the following important points:
Factors determining the appearance of agricultural complexes include geographical location, natural economic conditions, specialization by stage of agricultural enterprises, and forward and reverse relationships between agricultural enterprises and agricultural processing enterprises.
Agricultural enterprises tend to be distributed contiguously in terms of territory, bringing high economic efficiency.
The structural basis of agricultural complexes is industrial enterprises and processing industrial enterprises.
On the basis of commodity products, the production of which is determined by natural and economic conditions and is related to the selection of appropriate technical processes to ensure high economic efficiency. The entire system of agricultural enterprises and industrial enterprises related to each other and adjacent to each other in terms of territory is formed around the main commodity products and the technical processes for producing these products.
Based on the above points, people divide agriculture into two groups:
The aggregates in which commodity products are produced are primarily determined by the conditions of distribution.
Suburban agricultural complexes. The characteristic of these complexes is that their main products are dominated by the food needs of the city's population. Suburban agricultural complexes are formed mainly around central industrial cities. Here, economic factors (demand) play a leading role, while natural factors, although also noted, only play a secondary role. The scale (production area, products) of the complexes can vary greatly depending on the population size of the city.
It can be said that agricultural synthesis is one of the forms of territorial production organization that brings high economic efficiency. At the same time, this is also the framework for creating agricultural regions.
1.1.2.3. Agricultural area
Agricultural zoning is almost natural zoning for agricultural purposes. The task of natural zoning for agricultural purposes is to detect natural complexes and evaluate them according to the requirements of agricultural production.
Agricultural regions are considered one of the forms of agricultural territorial organization. In essence, they are relatively homogeneous agricultural production territories in terms of natural and economic conditions, divided with the aim of rationally distributing and properly specializing agricultural production on the basis of fully and most effectively using the production conditions of regions in the whole country as well as within each region. Agricultural regions are a synthesis of different forms of agricultural production and are considered as a territory with the repetition of relatively similar production types or of different production types but closely related to each other.
1.1.2.4. Geographic conveyor belt in agriculture
Geographical conveyors in agriculture can be understood as agricultural production chains in which the technical process is carried out in different natural-economic regions in order to make the most reasonable use of the characteristics of the regions. At the same time, they are chains for carrying out farm work, producing and supplying fresh vegetables and fruits to the people, built on the basis of effective seasonal development of nature. (KIIvanov, 1975). And chains whose production stages are separated from each other in space.
Geographic conveyor belts in agriculture can be divided into two types:
Geographic conveyor belts effectively utilize regional differences in agricultural production.
Conveyor belts effectively utilize the seasonal development of nature.
Both of the above mentioned geographical conveyor belts are forms of agricultural territorial organization. To a certain extent, each type can be separated according to regional signs and sectoral signs.
1.2. Agricultural - industrial linkage
Association in agriculture is an objective law of the development of productive forces under the positive impact of the scientific and technological revolution. It originates from the process of profound division of social labor from specialization, centralization, from the expansion of commodity relations between agricultural enterprises with each other and between agriculture and other economic sectors.
Nowadays, agriculture is undergoing major changes due to the strong impact of advances in science and technology. This makes agriculture related to the industrial sector through stages such as electrification, mechanization, chemicalization, irrigation, etc. With these impacts, agricultural products are improved in productivity, quality and output, and are proactive in production.
Nowadays, biotechnology also contributes to the development of agriculture by crossbreeding, genetic modification, tissue culture, etc., creating new plant and animal varieties with high productivity, disease resistance, etc. Not only that, industry also helps agricultural products to have increasingly high value in the market as well as creating many diverse products through the preliminary processing and processing of agricultural products.
1.2.1. Agricultural-industrial linkage is an objective necessity.
In the current trend, agriculture has a close dialectical relationship with industry and other economic sectors. Agriculture receives from industry not only the means of production but also uses the methods and principles of industry to achieve high economic efficiency in production. The achievements of science, technology and technology have contributed to the highest development of agricultural production ever. At the same time, agriculture is the basis for providing raw materials for industries, promoting the development of some industries, especially the food and processing industries...
The scientific and technological revolution has created a major shift in agricultural activities, territorial organization and agricultural management. The linkage between agriculture and industry is increasingly closer in all stages of the production process, bringing high results in the agricultural and industrial sector. Therefore, the linkage between agriculture and industry is an inevitable and objective requirement.
1.2.2. The basis of agricultural-industrial linkage
The development of productive forces and the division of social labor is the first basis for the process of linking agriculture and industry with other sectors in the national economy. The strong development of productive forces in the large-scale mechanization changes the production process, shortens time, liberates labor in sectors, and increases labor productivity.
Agricultural-industrial linkage is an inevitable requirement to create diversity in quantity and increase the quality of agricultural products to meet human consumption needs. Agricultural-industrial linkage contributes to the transformation of self-sufficient agriculture into highly specialized commodity agriculture. The products are of high quality, mass production reduces costs, increases income for direct producers, increases economic efficiency, and contributes to increasing the export value of agricultural products.
The development of industry is the material basis that creates the premise for the formation of agricultural - industrial linkages. Agricultural industrialization is the process of mechanization, automation, chemicalization, irrigation... in agricultural production (cultivation and animal husbandry). The revolution of modern science and technology and biotechnology has changed production processes, technological processes in production, and diversified machinery serving agriculture.
1.3. Organization of grape growing and processing territories in the world and Vietnam
1.3.1. The situation of territorial organization of grape growing and processing in the world
Grapes are one of the earliest cultivated plants on Earth, as evidenced by fossil records of leaves and vines in chalk sediments. Wild grapes are native to the Northern Hemisphere, especially temperate climates in Europe, North America, and Central America. Grapes were considered a major crop in the 11th-12th centuries AD. Superior grape varieties in the Middle East and Southern Europe were selected from wild grapes and gradually localized. To date, grapes have been grown on five continents, in areas with suitable climatic conditions [10, p. 7]. According to B. Aubert, grapes are one of the most adaptable perennial plants. Philippine experts wrote in 1975, "Viticulture is no longer a monopoly of temperate countries."
Grapes are the fruit of woody vines or vines themselves. They belong to the family Vitaceae. Grapes grow in clusters of 6 to 300 and can be black, blue, yellow, green, purple-red or white.