. The Nom River basin is a small basin located in Binh Dinh province. The rivers of the basin originate from the 600 m high mountains west of Hoai Phu and Hoai Hao communes of Hoai Nhon district, flowing in the northwest - southeast direction and then emptying into the sea through Tam Quan Bac estuary. The water catchment area is 90.68 km 2 .
. Ong Dieu River Basin is a small basin including small rivers of Binh Dinh province, the rivers originate from the 500 m high mountains west of My Chau commune and My Loc commune of Phu My district, flow in the northwest - southeast direction and pour into Tra O lagoon and then out to the East Sea. The water collection area is 41.63 km 2 .
. The Cong Son River basin borders the Ong Dieu River basin to the north, the Tra O River basin to the south, the Lai Giang River basin and the La Tinh River basin to the west. It is a small river of Binh Dinh province, originating from a 500 m high mountainous forest area west of My Loc commune of Phu My district, flowing in the northwest - southeast direction, then turning to the west - east direction and pouring into Tra O lagoon and then out to the East Sea. The water collection area is 26.68 km 2 .
. The Tra O river basin borders the Cong Son river basin to the north, the La Tinh river basin to the west and south, and the My Thanh commune of Phu My district to the east, which is a small basin of Binh Dinh province. The river originates from a 600 m high mountainous forest area to the west of My Phong commune of Phu My district, flowing in the northwest - southeast direction and then turning
to the west - east and pours into Tra O lagoon and then out to the East Sea. Water collection area is 36.65 km2 .
2.2.1.5. Socio-economic situation:
+ Population characteristics:
The current population of Binh Dinh is 1,506,600 people (Of which: women account for about 51.0% and men account for about 49.0% of the province's population).
The rural population is 1,041,900 people, accounting for 69.15% of the province's total population; the urban population is 464,700 people, accounting for 30.85% of the province's total population. The community consists of many ethnic groups living together, of which: Kinh people account for 98%; Ba Na people account for 1.14%; Hre people account for 0.4%, Cham people account for 0.2% and other ethnic groups account for 0.26%.
The average population density of the whole province is 248.2 people/km2 . The population is unevenly distributed, in mountainous areas only 31 - 114 people/km2 , in coastal plain districts 492 - 836 people/km2 , in urban areas approximately 1,000 people/ km2 .
The total number of social workers increased from 836,200 people in 2010 to 898,100 people in 2015, an average increase of 16,100 people/year. Comparing workers in different sectors, the number of workers in agriculture, forestry and fishery decreased from 485,900 people in 2010 to 481,400 people in 2015, an average decrease of 1,300 people/year; the number of workers in industry and construction increased from 161,800 people to 197,800 people, an average increase of 7,000 people/year; the number of workers in service increased from 189,200 people to 257,900 people, an average increase of 1,000 people/year.
10,500 people/year.
Table 2.1: Number and structure of labor by industry.
Category
Year 2010 | Year 2012 | Year 2014 | Year 2015 | |
Total number of social workers (thousand people) | 836.2 | 852.9 | 868.5 | 896.1 |
Agriculture, forestry, fishery | 485.4 | 484.9 | 481.1 | 481.4 |
Industry, construction | 161.6 | 169.3 | 174.6 | 197.8 |
Service area | 189.2 | 198.7 | 212.8 | 257.9 |
Social labor structure (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Agriculture, forestry, fishery | 58.0 | 56.9 | 55.4 | 52.2 |
Industry, construction | 19.3 | 19.8 | 20.1 | 22.0 |
Service area | 22.6 | 23.3 | 24.5 | 28.8 |
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(Source: Statistical yearbook of Binh Dinh province from 2010 - 2015)
+ Economic situation:
The structure of gross domestic product (GDP) of economic sectors in the period 2005 - 2013 shifted in a positive direction with the proportion at current prices, specifically as follows: In 2005, the proportion of the Agriculture - Forestry - Fishery sector was 38.4%, Industry - Construction was 26.7% and Services was 34.9%. In 2013, the proportion of the Agriculture - Forestry - Fishery sector was 29.6%, Industry - Construction was 31.1% and Services was 39.3%.
Table 2.2: Economic structure by industry in the period 2005 - 2015.
Tt
Target/year | Unit | Year 2010 | Year 2011 | Year 2012 | Year 2015 | |
Total GDP (Current price) | billion | 26,671,000 | 35,824,000 | 41,453,220 | 51,901,094 | |
1 | Agriculture, forestry and fisheries | billion | 9,388,600 | 13,003,000 | 13,797,733 | 15,339,204 |
% | 35.20 | 36.30 | 33.30 | 29.60 | ||
2 | Industry - Construction | billion | 7,684,400 | 9,966,000 | 11,430,970 | 16,150,357 |
% | 28.80 | 27.80 | 27.60 | 31.10 | ||
3 | Service | billion | 9,598,000 | 12,855,000 | 16,224,516 | 20,411,533 |
% | 36.00 | 35.90 | 39.10 | 39.30 |
(Source: Statistical yearbook of Binh Dinh province from 2010 - 2015)
During the 2010-2015 period, the province's economy grew continuously. The gross domestic product (GDP) of Binh Dinh in 2010 reached 5,608 billion VND and by 2015 it had reached 4,950 billion VND. The GDP growth rate in the 2001-2010 period increased by an average of 9.85% per year, and in the 2011-2015 period it was 9.96%, of which the industries in the industrial - construction sector increased by 14.04% and 14.02%; the agriculture, forestry and fishery sector increased by 6.48% and 4.27%; and services increased by 11.04% and 11.77%, respectively, in the above two periods.
Table 2.3: Some economic growth indicators according to GDP (%).
TT
Category | 2010- 2011 | 2011- 2012 | 2012- 2013 | 2013- 2014 | 2014- 2015 | |
GDP (2010 constant prices) | 11.7 | 8.7 | 10.2 | 10.3 | 10.5 | |
Divided by economic sector | ||||||
1 | Industry - Construction | 18.5 | 6.9 | 14.0 | 13.4 | 16.0 |
2 | Agriculture and forestry | 7.2 | 7.2 | 7.4 | 4.6 | 4.1 |
3 | Service | 12.0 | 11.8 | 10.2 | 13.2 | 15.8 |
(Source: Binh Dinh Province Statistical Yearbook 2010-2015)
2.2.2. Types of natural disasters and scope of influence:
2.2.2.1. Characteristics and scope of influence of natural disasters:
Binh Dinh province is annually directly affected by natural disasters including storms, tropical depressions, floods, heat waves, droughts, thunderstorms, high tides, saltwater intrusion, landslides and other extreme weather phenomena such as rising sea levels due to super storms, earthquakes, tsunamis, hot dry westerly winds, northeast monsoons, etc.
Storms and tropical depressions are one of the most typical natural disasters in Binh Dinh province, often occurring during the rainy season from September to December, most frequently in October and November. On average, Binh Dinh is directly affected by 1-2 storms each year. When making landfall, storms often cause 200 to 300 kg of rain.
- 300 mm in 2 - 3 days; radius 100 - 200 km; more rain in the north of the storm center. When combined with cold air, the rain area will expand, the rain time will be 5 - 6 days, the rainfall can be up to 700 mm. Especially, the areas with windy terrain often have very heavy rain.
Floods occur annually in Binh Dinh over a large area, with an average of 3.5 floods per year. The year with the most floods was 8 (1999), the year with the least floods was 2 (2004). The most common floods are the main floods that occur during the rainy season of the year, October and November. Minor floods occur in the summer, May, while early floods usually occur in September and late floods occur in December. The duration of rain causing floods in each period is usually 2 - 3 days, sometimes up to 5 days, with total rainfall from 200 - 300 mm, sometimes up to 400 - 750 mm (from November 20 - 25, 1992). The historic flood in November 2013 recorded a common rainfall of 250 - 450 mm (from November 14 to 17, 2013). The flood season flow of rivers in the province is very large and changes very complicatedly, the total flow during the flood season accounts for 70% of the annual flow. For rivers in the province, at the beginning of the flood season, the average rainfall in the basin is approximately 50 mm, causing only fluctuations in water levels on the rivers or small floods. Floods at level I - II usually appear when the basin has rainfall of 100 - 150 mm, with rainfall in the basin from 150 - 250 mm, the water levels of the rivers downstream are approximately
or exceed alarm level III. Through statistics of many floods in many years, the average rainfall in floods is usually about 130 - 200 mm.
The drought situation in Binh Dinh occurs when the dry season months have low rainfall, 50 - 70% less than the average rainfall of many years in the same period, high temperature, low humidity, most river basins in the province often experience drought when the heat lasts for a long time, some years there are many consecutive months without rain or with insignificant rainfall, leading to a 30 - 50% shortage in the flow of rivers and streams compared to the average flow of many years in the same period, while the amount of water used for production and daily life in the dry season is very large. Through monitoring data in recent years, it shows that the drought situation occurs seriously in the dry season, many rivers and streams are completely dry. Currently, in the situation of climate change, there is very little rain in the dry season, intense heat, and large evaporation, causing the drought situation to become more and more serious.
Binh Dinh, like other provinces in the Central region, is affected by the Northeast monsoon every year. The first period is around October, November, some years until December. At this time, the monsoon brings dry weather to the northern provinces, but the process of moving south causes wet weather in the Central Coast provinces. The first Northeast monsoon usually reaches Binh Dinh from October, but sometimes it is not until September or November that the Northeast monsoon arrives in Binh Dinh. The end time is usually in April, but sometimes it still lasts until May. In general, in the winter months from November to March of the following year, there is an average of more than 1 monsoon affecting Binh Dinh, of which December is the most, accounting for about 20% of the number of monsoons in the year.
Every year, in Binh Dinh, around the end of April, hot dry westerly winds appear in the low valleys of the province, and in mid and late May, they appear in most of the remaining areas of the province. On average, hot dry westerly winds appear about 20-40 days per year in coastal areas, and 40-60 days in low valleys. The most common period of this type of harsh weather is from June to August, of which July is the hottest month.
and August are the two months with the most hot, dry westerly wind days, accounting for 55% of the days in the year.
Thunderstorms and tornadoes are phenomena that occur mainly in the summer, related to the strong development of thermal convection and atmospheric disturbances. According to observation data in Binh Dinh localities, every year, on average, the southern plains of the province have from 33 to 48 thunderstorm days; while in the mountainous areas, valleys and the north of the province, the number of thunderstorm days is higher, from 60 to 90 thunderstorm days. The year with the highest number of thunderstorm days is up to 65 to 70 days in the southern plains, from 90 to 110 thunderstorm days in the mountainous areas and the north of the province. The year with the least number of thunderstorm days is also from 25 to 35 days in the southern plains and from 50 to 60 in the mountainous areas and the north of the province. The thunderstorm season begins in March and ends in late November, mainly from May to October. May and September are periods of strong competition between air masses, and the temperature and humidity conditions are also favorable for the formation of thunderstorms, so these are also the two months with the most thunderstorms in the year. January and December are also sometimes observed with thunderstorms during cold air masses with cold thunderstorms.
2.2.2.2. Impact of natural disasters on aspects of social life:
Among the types of natural disasters, storms, tropical depressions, and floods have caused the most serious consequences in many economic, social, and environmental fields. Since 1990, Binh Dinh has had storms and floods every year. On average, there are 3.5 floods each year, and 0.5 storms. During the period of 1999 - 2014, Binh Dinh province was directly affected by 10 storms, killing 368 people, injuring 279 people, collapsing 6,972 households, damaging 56,533 households, sinking 500 ships and causing damage of 6,600 billion VND. Typically, in 2009, storms No. 9 and No. 11 combined with floods killed 29 people, injured 72 people, and caused economic damage of about 972 billion VND. In 2013, due to the influence of storm circulation No. 15 combined with increased cold air and high-altitude easterly wind disturbances, Binh Dinh province had very heavy rain and floods from November 13 to 18, 2013, killing 19 people and injuring 14 others.
101,470 houses were flooded, 510,000 people were affected, estimated damage was 2,125 billion VND (UBND - KHPCTT, 2015). From the beginning of November to December 2016, in Binh Duong province,
There have been five heavy floods in Dinh, with an average rainfall of 416 mm. The water level of rivers in the province is at level 3 and above level 3. The flood peak on the Kon River in Binh Nghi is 17.1 m, 0.4 m below level 3. The past five floods have caused severe damage in districts, towns and cities in the province with 42 deaths, 10 injuries, 908 houses completely collapsed, 409 houses with damaged roofs, 110,697 houses flooded; 114/159 communes and wards were flooded, over 70,000 households had to be evacuated. Traffic infrastructure: 240.7 km of roads were damaged, landslides, 113 culverts and 57 bridges collapsed, damaged, causing local traffic jams in many localities; Irrigation and dykes: 86.6 km of dykes and embankments were severely eroded, threatening many residential areas, 247 km of canals were eroded and filled up, affecting winter-spring crop production, 36 large and small dams were damaged, 285.3 canals were eroded and filled up, 227 temporary dams and small dams were damaged, 32 km of river banks were eroded; in terms of production, 2,253 hectares of Summer-autumn rice in the ripening stage were flooded, 18,829 hectares of newly sown winter-spring rice were flooded and damaged, 5,262 hectares of crops were damaged, 3,775 hectares of fields were alluvial and flooded, 36,600 livestock and 196,200 poultry were drowned and swept away, 4,848 tons of food were lost.
1,012 tons of rice seeds were flooded and damaged; 338 hectares of aquaculture were flooded and 25 fishing boats sank... Property damage was estimated at 2,214 billion VND (People's Committee, 2016).
Drought often occurs in the dry season, causing significant damage to production and life, especially in the agricultural and fishery sectors, which are one of the production areas that account for a large proportion of the province's GDP. Moreover, this is the area with the majority of poor workers, the most vulnerable group when natural disasters occur. The province's agricultural sector is often directly affected by drought. In years of water shortage, most of the cultivated agricultural land must be abandoned and the crop structure must be changed. Aquaculture areas cannot be cultivated due to high salinity. Poor livestock breeds are susceptible to disease and death, polluting the living environment. According to statistics from the provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Development: from 2010 to 2014, drought reduced the productivity of 78,705 hectares of crops, of which 7,962 hectares of crops were completely lost.
376,260 people/94,065 households lack domestic water.
The hot, dry westerly wind greatly affects life and production. In the winter-spring crop, if it appears early in March and lasts for several days, it will affect the winter-spring rice crop during the flowering and milking period, increasing the rate of empty grains. In the summer-autumn crop, the hot, dry westerly wind can cause damage from the sowing period to the harvest in areas without proactive irrigation of many crops such as rice, corn, sesame, beans, sugarcane, etc. In addition, the hot, dry westerly wind also reduces the meat, milk, and egg productivity of livestock and poultry, and even causes many diseases that affect human health.
Compared to other natural disasters such as storms, floods, and droughts, high tides occur less frequently, but their severity is very great, especially in coastal areas. When the moon completes its orbit around the Earth, high tides in Binh Dinh often appear during the new moon period in the last months of the rainy season. The impact of high tides causes landslides, sweeps away houses, boats, and kills people...
Saltwater intrusion also often occurs during the dry season. The salinity of water in estuaries, lagoons and coastal areas increases rapidly during this period, encroaching further inland, changing the freshwater environment. A large area of agricultural land and freshwater aquaculture is contaminated with salt and cannot be produced. Once the drought lasts, combined with high tides, the salinity of the water will increase and saltwater intrusion will spread rapidly over a wider area.
Landslides in mountainous areas, river banks, and coastal areas have become common in the province, especially when there is a strong impact of storms, floods, and high tides. Landslides often damage infrastructure, threaten residential areas living near the shore, and cause loss of land. Every year, landslides cause great socio-economic and environmental damage.
During thunderstorms, tornadoes are sometimes accompanied by rain with strong winds that can knock down houses, trees, and buildings. Thunderstorms usually do not last long, but with strong rains, they can cause erosion or wear away the topsoil on hillsides, bare mountains, or terraced fields.