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TRAN TAN TAI
REFORM IDEAS OF DANG HUY TRU
MASTER'S THESIS IN PHILOSOPHY
VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
Academy of Social Sciences
TRAN TAN TAI
REFORM IDEAS OF DANG HUY TRU
Major: Philosophy Code: 8 22 90 01
SCIENTIFIC INSTRUCTOR: ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR, DR. LE THI LAN
COMMITMENT
I hereby certify that this is my own independent scientific research work. With the guidance of Associate Professor, Dr. Le Thi Lan according to Decision No. 3295/QD-HVKHXH of the Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences - Academy of Social Sciences. The documents used for analysis in the thesis have clear origins and have been published in accordance with regulations. The research results in the thesis were researched and analyzed by me, honestly, objectively and in accordance with the reality of Vietnam. My thesis "Reform Thought of Dang Huy Tru" has never been published in any other research.
Author's signature
INDEX
INTRODUCTION 1
Chapter 1 13
SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS AND PREMISES FOR THE FORMATION OF DANG HUY TRU'S REFORM IDEOLOGY 13
1.1. WORLD CONTEXT IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE CENTURY
XIX 13
1.2. CONTEXT OF VIETNAM IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE CENTURY
XIX 19
1.3. THE FORMATION OF DANG HUY TRU'S REFORM IDEOLOGY
24
1.3.1. Conditions and Premises for the Formation of Dang Huy Tru's Reform Thought 24
1.3.2. The Life, Career and Formation of the Reform Thought of Dang Huy Tru 32
CHAPTER SUMMARY
1 35
Chapter 2 37
CONTENTS OF DANG HUY TRU'S REFORM THOUGHT 37
2.1. PROGRESSIVE POLITICAL AND SOCIAL THOUGHTS OF DANG HUY TRU
37
2.1.1. The ideology of loving the people - The relationship between the people and the government 37
2.1.2. The Way of an Official 39
2.1.3. The ideology of protecting the integrity of officials 42
2.2. DANG HUY TRU'S REFORM THOUGHT ON THE ECONOMY OF BUILDING A PATH OF SELF-RESISTANCE AND AUTONOMY FOR THE NATION
44
2.2.1. Developing commerce to create wealth is a big deal 44
2.2.2. The ideology of self-reliance and self-improvement in building the country 46
2.2.3. Must learn and absorb scientific and technical technology 48
2.2.4. Dang Huy Tru's Confucian educational reform ideas 50
2.2.5. Cultural reform by criticizing and eliminating traditional customs and bad habits among the people 51
2.3. DANG HUY TRU'S REFORM THOUGHT ON MILITARY
54
2.3.1. Basic contents of Dang Huy Tru's military reform ideology ..54
2.3.2. People's war is the lifeblood that determines the safety of the country 56
2.3.3. Compile, collect and print military books to pass on to future generations 58
CHAPTER SUMMARY
2 59
Chapter 3 60
THE VALUE OF DANG HUY TRU'S REFORM IDEOLOGY AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE FOR VIETNAM TODAY 60
3.1. THE VALUE OF DANG HUY TRU'S REFORM IDEOLOGY FOR THE NGUYEN DYNASTY
60
3.2. IDEOLOGICAL VALUE OF DANG HUY TRU'S REFORM THOUGHT FOR THE NATIONAL REFORM MOVEMENT IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE CENTURY
XIX 61
3.3. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF DANG HUY TRU'S REFORM THOUGHT FOR VIETNAM TODAY
62
3.3.1. Some topics in current Vietnamese reform 62
3.3.2. The significance of Dang Huy Tru's reformist ideology for the present 68
CHAPTER SUMMARY
3 70
CONCLUSION 71
LIST OF REFERENCES 1
INTRODUCTION
1. Urgency of the topic
“ Reform” or “innovation” are words used to indicate changes in response to new conditions that do not change the nature of the phenomenon, with a positive meaning. “Reform ” is an activity that regularly takes place consciously in any history of any nation or country. Whether we want it or not, in order to develop, reform must take place regularly, whether on a large scale like humanity or just in each individual subject. At the national level, reform or innovation must be carried out as an inevitable rule that exists in every era. In each period of Vietnamese history, in each different context of reality, there is always an urgent need for reform in accordance with that reality. In the first half of the 19th century, Vietnamese social reality, faced with countless challenges, had to endure hunger and stagnation under the rule of the Nguyen Dynasty, and had to suffer from the invasion of powerful Western colonialists. The outdated Confucian ideology was no longer suitable, life was deadlocked in all aspects from economy, politics, to social chaos. At that time, many patriotic mandarins and scholars raised the idea of reforming and modernizing the country such as Pham Phu Thu, Tran Dinh Tuc, Nguyen Truong To, Nguyen Lo Trach... One of the reform ideas with the most profound influence and value that needs to be studied is the reform idea of Dang Huy Tru. His reform ideas are considered comprehensive in all aspects from economy, politics, society, military, science... His reform ideas did not stop at submitting and petitioning like some contemporary thinkers, when all petitions were only submitted to King Tu Duc, Dang Huy Tru's reform ideas were considered a progressive step when his ideas were implemented by him into contemporary social practice to contribute to building a self-reliant, autonomous country to fight to protect the nation against the French invaders. Up to now, the values in his reformist ideology still retain great value to our nation.
When the trend of self-reliance is still an inevitable choice in countries to survive and develop, the reform and innovation ideas of previous eras
It is necessary to study, not only can it be promptly applied to solve the problems of the times, but also can grasp the opportunities to develop the country at that time.
The study of “Dang Huy Tru’s reform ideology” is to seek to apply the values of reform ideology that are still valid to the reality of Vietnam at that time. It can be seen that in the face of the extremely different realities of the times in human history in general as well as Vietnamese history in particular and the unpredictable changes, any reform or innovation ideology needs to be thought about and considered for application. Vietnamese history has many events, through each event our nation seems to be stronger and more immortal. That is thanks to the spirit of inheritance and synthesis, the spirit of reform and innovation, no matter what the circumstances of the times, there is always a way to overcome.
With the purpose of "Reviewing the past and learning the new", the thesis topic "Reform thoughts of Dang Huy Tru" was carried out with the desire to first of all research, analyze and contribute a little assessment of the value of his thoughts in each aspect of reform to the social practice of the second half of the 19th century. At the same time, the thesis also aims to deploy and link the reform issues and the value of that reform thought for Vietnam at the present stage. We cannot deny the reform or innovation at any stage, especially the economic, political, and social issues that Dang Huy Tru or some reformist ideas encountered and struggled with, today it still clearly appears full of challenges: in the economic war, or in preventing corruption, bureaucracy, and educational innovation methods... The above wishes are the reason why I chose "Dang Huy Tru's reformist ideas" as the research topic for my master's thesis in philosophy.
2. Overview of research topic
2.1. Research works on Dang Huy's personality and works
Tru
In the research works about Dang Huy Tru, the first thing to mention is that
The work of great scale and value is " Dang Huy Tru, the man and his works" , collected and researched by Tra Linh group, first published in 1990.
on the occasion of the 165th anniversary of Dang Huy Tru's birth (1825 - 1990). The work is a massive collection of 562 pages, with a total of 11 chapters delving into his biography and legacy, providing important documents on Dang Huy Tru's thoughts through poems, essays, and parallel sentences written by him from the age of 15 until his death. Including the main chapters:
Chapter I: CHILDHOOD (1840). Includes 11 works (from page 59 to page 70), notably the following poems: "The rich kid, some beat and scold the servants", "Seeing the old man carrying coal" ...
Chapter II: IN THE COUNTRY (1843). Includes 33 works (from page 71 to page 105). Titles of the prominent articles are: "Clear weather, clam diving", "Old man weaving young things", "Woman herding bamboo", "Fishing in flood season", "Sweet potatoes to relieve hunger", "Wet nurse", "Sage village opens forest", "Woman calls soul", ...
Chapter III: TEACHING (1847-1856). Includes 26 works (from page 107 to 148). Titles: "Thanh Huong Private Market Announcement", "While Sick, Telling Students",...
Chapter IV: THE FIRST STEPS INTO BEING AN OFFICIAL (1856-1860). Includes 47 works
(from page 149 to 214), clearly shows the political and social thoughts of Dang Huy Tru, with some typical articles such as: "Going to the military base in Da Nang", "Difficult food", "Chasing people to private houses", "Following the father of Chanh Hoang Ke Viem to test the cannon", "Hearing the news that the French are passing by Ben Trieu", "Gentlemen do not eat for free" ,...
Chapter V: BEING A HISTOR (1861-1864). Includes 27 works (from page 215 to page 252). Articles such as: "About to write a petition", "Reporting to the gods and Buddhas", "Assuming to be the Deputy Inspector of the Military Arsenal", "Hopefully receiving good news from the Embassy to the West", "Hopefully the virtuous are as thirsty as water" ,...
Chapter VI: BEING THE GOVERNOR OF QUANG NAM (1864-1865). Includes 20 works.
(from page 255 to page 290). There are articles such as: "Going to take office as Bo Chanh Quang Nam", "Just arrived to take office, asking for the appointment and dismissal of a few officials", "Blaming myself", "Rescuing people, the situation has improved", "Ten "self-admonishing" articles",...