Cultural transformation of traditional craft villages in Bac Ninh province

INDEX

Page
INDEX	1
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS	2
LIST OF STATISTICAL TABLES	3
INTRODUCTION	4
Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH SITUATION, THEORETICAL BASIS AND TRADITIONAL CRAFT VILLAGES IN BAC NINH	10
1.1. Overview of research situation	10
1.2. Theoretical basis for cultural change in craft villages	18
1.3. Overview of traditional craft villages in Bac Ninh	31
Summary	49
Chapter 2: TRANSFORMATION OF TRADITIONAL CRAFT VILLAGE CULTURE THROUGH VILLAGE LANDSCAPE AND SPIRITUAL CULTURAL ELEMENTS	50
2.1. Changes in landscape, housing and public works	50
2.2. Changes in relics in traditional craft villages	56
2.3. Changes in beliefs about tutelary gods and ancestors	66
2.4. Changes in festivals and customs	74
Summary	95
Chapter 3: CULTURAL CHANGES IN CRAFT VILLAGES DURING PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION	97
3.1. Changes in production organization	97
3.2. Changes in manufacturing techniques	111
3.3. Product variation	118
3.4. Changes in product consumption market	128
Summary	133
Chapter 4: TRENDS OF CHANGE IN TRADITIONAL CRAFT VILLAGE CULTURE IN THE NORTH SECURITY IN THE PROCESS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION AND MODERNIZATION AND CURRENT ISSUES	134
4.1. Assessment of cultural changes in traditional craft villages in Bac Ninh	134
4.2. Current situation of industrialization and modernization in Bac Ninh and orientation craft village development direction	140
4.3. Trends in cultural change of traditional craft villages in Bac Ninh in future	150
4.4. Issues raised in preserving and developing village culture profession in the process of industrialization and modernization	155
Summary	166
CONCLUDE	168
LIST OF PUBLISHED WORKS OF THE AUTHOR RELATED TO THE THESIS TOPIC	172
LIST OF REFERENCES	173
APPENDIX	182

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

ABBREVIATIONS

FULL WRITTEN
(l):	Lunar calendar
CCN:	Industrial cluster
Industry and modernization:	Industrialization, modernization
Socialism:	Socialism
Phone:	Urbanization
GS:	Professor
Industrial park:	Industrial Park
Publisher:	Publishing house
LLC:	Limited liability
People's Committee:	People's Committee
VHDG:	Folklore

LIST OF STATISTICAL TABLES

Table of statistics content	Page
5	Table 1.5 : Number of non-agricultural production and business units over the years	47
6	Table 2.1 : Statistics on housing situation from 2010 - 2015 in Dai Bai village	52
7	Table 2.2 : Statistics on housing situation from 2010 - 2015 in Phu Lang village	53
8	Table 2.3 : Statistics on housing situation from 2010 - 2015 in the village Phu Khe	54
9	Table 3.1 : Forms of production organization in Dai Bai village	98
10	Table 3.2 : Forms of production organization in Phu Khe village	103
11	Table 3.3 : Forms of production organization in Phu Lang village	107
12	Table 3.4 : Classification of Dai Bai bronze hammering products	119
13	Table 3.5 : Classification and statistics of some products of craft villages Phu Khe	122
14	Table 3.6 : Classification of products of ancient Phu Lang traditional craft village and now	125

INTRODUCTION

1. URGENCY OF THE TOPIC

Traditional Vietnamese villages are a long-standing traditional settlement unit in rural areas with stability and cohesion in the historical process of the nation. Although the scale is different, Vietnamese villages have many common characteristics in the overall picture of the countryside in the Northern Delta of our country. In those villages, traditional craft villages have been formed, existed and developed, which are an indispensable part of the diversity of Vietnamese villages. Traditional craft villages demonstrate the dynamism and creativity of farmers in the process of adapting to certain geographical and socio-economic conditions, and at the same time clearly demonstrate the openness of small-scale farming society. Developing craft villages not only creates a direct driving force to solve employment, use the labor force reasonably and effectively in rural areas, but also helps to preserve, maintain and develop many traditional occupations of the nation, creating conditions and opportunities to develop a team of artisans, skilled workers, and preserve and maintain national culture. In traditional craft villages from the past to the present, traditional culture has been expressed, converged and shone through aspects such as: good customs, village activities, community solidarity, community behavior, professional quintessence and artisan talent... In recent years, traditional craft villages have been gradually restored and developed, the products are increasingly diverse and rich, meeting domestic consumption and export needs. Developed craft villages will be a bridge between agriculture and industry, between rural and urban areas, between tradition and modernity, contributing to the development of modern rural industry.

Cultural change in general, village culture change and craft village culture change in particular is an inevitable trend of the history of the times, especially in the current period, cultural change is one of the factors that change the appearance of traditional craft villages in our country. At the same time, cultural change is the condition for craft villages to change, exist and develop in different scales and levels. This is an objective law and occurs in many aspects of material life and spiritual life in the community of residents of craft villages.

Bac Ninh is a land of culture , the birthplace of the Ly dynasty, a rich countryside with quan ho folk songs, a locality adjacent to the capital Hanoi, with conditions for development, especially the development of traditional craft villages. Initial statistics show that Bac Ninh is one of the provinces with 62 craft villages, including 16 traditional craft villages with famous products such as fine art wooden products (Phu Khe), do paper (Duong O), weaving (Hoi Quan), bronze products (Dai Bai), folk paintings (Dong Ho), pottery (Phu Lang), silk (Vong Nguyet)... In the current general trend, traditional craft villages have undergone significant changes, many craft villages have changed their product production, product creation tools and craftsmen's mindset..., typically the case of do paper craft village (Duong O), folk paintings (Dong Ho)... It can be said that in recent years, due to changes in craft thinking, diverse product designs and quality, and market adaptation, traditional craft villages have made important contributions to the growth and economic restructuring and changing the face of rural areas in Bac Ninh. Many products of the craft village have been and are present in the domestic and international markets, contributing significantly to promoting traditional craft village culture abroad.

In fact, the current industrialization and modernization process has created and is creating huge impacts, opportunities and challenges to the lives of people in rural villages in general and in traditional craft villages in Bac Ninh in particular. This process is essentially the process of rural urbanization leading to inevitable consequences that will take place in traditional craft villages today. Many craft villages are no longer operating or have been lost due to many different reasons, while craft villages are still transforming to survive and develop. To maintain and develop craft villages, people always have to change product designs, improve production processes, apply advanced technology in some possible stages, search for and expand markets... to meet the needs of people in the new era. The process of industrialization and urbanization will create quite big changes in traditional craft villages such as: concept of traditional craft, change of production method from small scale to large scale, diversified product designs, expanded village relations.

to domestic and foreign customers... The traditional nature of craft villages is associated with skills, techniques, and professional secrets that exist in the market economy along with factors that have affected the process of cultural transformation of traditional craft villages that is taking place at many different levels of change. Therefore, traditional craft village culture is currently facing new opportunities and challenges along with significant impacts that will cause these traditional craft villages to exist in many different states. However, in the general context, the overall picture of craft villages and traditional craft village culture will have many changes to suit the times and bring a new look in the context of economic, cultural and social development in Bac Ninh today.

Up to now, there have been many works mentioning the culture in craft villages in Bac Ninh province, but there has not been any work that has deeply researched the cultural changes of traditional craft villages in this locality. Finding out the factors of change in the culture of traditional craft villages in Bac Ninh will help local managers in the process of planning and implementing policies suitable to the current situation of traditional craft villages. For the above reasons, the author has chosen to research the topic: " Cultural changes of traditional craft villages in Bac Ninh province " as a PhD thesis, majoring in Cultural Studies at Hanoi University of Culture.

2. PURPOSE AND TASKS OF THE RESEARCH

2.1. Purpose

Contribute to clarifying the concepts and characteristics of cultural change in craft villages, at the same time, pointing out the current situation and finding out the manifestations of cultural change in traditional craft villages in Bac Ninh today, thereby proposing some solutions to regulate the process of cultural change in traditional craft villages in Bac Ninh in the coming time.

2.2. Tasks

- Research on theoretical and practical basis of cultural transformation of craft villages.

- Analyze, evaluate the current situation and identify changes in traditional craft village culture in Bac Ninh (through landscape space; relics, festivals and customs ; ancestor worship beliefs; social relationships of craft village residents).

- Research on the trend of cultural change in traditional craft villages in Bac Ninh and current issues.

3. OBJECTS AND SCOPE OF RESEARCH

3.1. Research subjects

The thesis studies aspects of cultural change in some typical traditional craft villages in Bac Ninh province.

3.2. Scope of research

- Scope of research : The change of traditional craft village culture will take place in many different aspects. The thesis only focuses on studying the change of some elements in traditional craft village culture such as: landscape space; relics, festivals and customs; beliefs of craft ancestors; social relationships of craft village residents.

- Scope of research space : Bac Ninh province, focusing on communes with traditional craft villages such as Dai Bai bronze casting village; Phu Lang pottery village; Phu Khe wood carving village and some other craft villages. However, in the process of surveying to identify changes, in addition to general overviews, the thesis focuses on 03 craft villages with different levels of change in the handicraft groups in Bac Ninh province. Special attention is paid to appropriate changes in the context of industrialization and modernization in Bac Ninh province today.

- Research time scope : Research on culture in some craft villages in Bac Ninh province from 1986 to present (with retrospective information investigation before 1986), thereby finding out the changes in culture of some traditional craft villages.

4. RESEARCH METHODS

- The thesis is based on the viewpoints of our Party and State on developing craft villages and preserving cultural heritage.

- The thesis chooses a cultural anthropological approach, which is to promote the role and voice of the villagers, they are the creators, preservers and

Developing cultural values of craft villages. A holistic approach to understanding craft village culture. Craft village culture is not a synthesis of elements, but the cultural elements of craft villages are closely linked organically to each other and each element has value in the overall village culture.

- Interdisciplinary research methods of cultural studies: history, ethnology, sociology, folklore...

- Case study method: to make accurate, objective and in-depth assessments in the research, in 18 traditional craft villages out of 62 traditional craft villages, the thesis focuses on studying some traditional craft villages. From there, general assessments can be made about the cultural changes of traditional craft villages in Bac Ninh.

- Field survey method in craft villages, applying skills: observation, participation; in-depth interview; quantitative interview; analysis and synthesis of documents; comparative research method. To obtain objective assessment documents, in the research process, in-depth interview method was applied to local managers and representatives of the community, the elderly.

- Statistical and comparative methods: To reveal the changes in craft villages in each specific study, the thesis used statistical methods (craft villages, indicators of craft villages, the situation of changes in cultural elements of craft villages, etc.). While creating statistical tables, the thesis compared the old and new indicators to identify the changes...

5. CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE THESIS

- The thesis contributes to identifying cultural changes in traditional craft villages in the current period. This is the basis for policy makers and cultural managers to plan the development and preservation of traditional craft villages in the process of building new rural areas.

- Research the theoretical basis of the change in craft village culture, at the same time put forward the concept of craft village culture, from which to study the change in craft village culture. Absorb the results of previous researchers, put forward a diagram

Cultural transformation of traditional craft villages in Bac Ninh province - 1

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