in the survival of cultural heritage. A community is a group of citizens residing in the same geographical area, cooperating with each other for common interests and sharing common cultural values.
Historical and cultural relics in Ninh Giang, from a creative perspective, are mostly built by the community, by collective labor. These relics still exist thanks to the efforts of the community. People have mobilized their efforts and money to restore and embellish the relics, they play a very important role in the cause of preserving and promoting the value of historical and cultural relics in Ninh Giang district. The contribution of people to restoration is much greater than the investment of the state. From 2001 to now, in Ninh Giang district, 19 relics ranked at national and provincial levels have been restored and embellished, in addition, many other relics have received investment from the people to restore and embellish. The funding source for relic restoration and embellishment projects is mobilized from two main sources: the state budget and socialized sources, but mainly from socialized sources. According to statistics and reports of the People's Committees of communes and towns, the work of socializing funding sources for the restoration and embellishment of relics has achieved high results. Specifically, from 2002 to present, over 200 billion VND has been collected, typically Dong Tam commune with over 70 billion VND of socialized resources, An Duc commune mobilized nearly 30 billion VND, Nghia An commune mobilized nearly 19 billion VND, Hiep Luc commune mobilized over 7 billion VND, Hong Thai commune over 10 billion VND; Quyet Thang commune over 7 billion VND, Hung Long commune over 7 billion VND, Vinh Hoa commune over 6 billion VND, Ung Hoe commune over 5 billion VND, Dong Xuyen commune over 4 billion VND, Kien Quoc commune over 2 billion VND, Tan Huong commune nearly 2 billion VND, Van Giang commune mobilized 1.7 billion VND...[ 32 ]. This affirms the great role of the community in preserving relics.
However, in recent years, the state of relics being deformed has always been a prominent issue in the restoration work. According to research, relics that mobilize large amounts of social capital are often changed and distorted during the restoration process.
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Moreover, philanthropists intervene too much in the restoration work. According to the people's concept, heritage is "common property", so in the community there is still a popular concept of "no one cries for a common father", "too many monks, no one closes the temple door". Along with that, the local community lacks knowledge and professional skills, so when they carry out the restoration of relics, they cause damage, many activities are not in accordance with the process, changing the original value of the heritage, many relics are very valuable wooden materials but are completely concreted , completely distorting the original elements of the relic.
Along with the development of society in many aspects, especially the economy, it has shown both positive aspects and negative impacts on historical and cultural relics. Thus, the issue of protecting, preserving and promoting the value of relics in the current conditions depends not only on factors such as policies, management, science and technology, but also on the extremely important factor of the role of the community.
Community awareness in preserving and promoting the value of historical and cultural relics plays a very important role. Only when people have a correct awareness of the value of the relics will they take action to protect the relics. On the contrary, low community awareness will lead to indifference and lack of interest in the value of the relics. A part of the people in the district have limited awareness of the value of historical and cultural relics. Therefore, in order to enhance the role and mobilize the participation of the community in the protection of historical and cultural relics, it is necessary to propagate and orient to help people correctly perceive the role and great value of historical and cultural relics for life, especially in the process of promoting industrialization, modernization of the country, and strong integration with the international community. Relics are often closely associated with the community, so it is necessary to create conditions for people to participate in protecting, using and exploiting the value of relics. Giving the community the right to proactively manage relics is also the link between the relics and management agencies, and the phenomena of violations of relics.
The community will quickly detect and transmit information to the competent authorities for handling.
2.1.3. Coordination mechanism between state management entities and the community in management activities
State agencies such as the Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism, the Department of Culture and Information and the People's Committee at the commune level play a key role in relic management. They are the agencies that implement state regulations in relic management activities, propagate, disseminate and educate people about the law on relics, direct, guide, inspect and handle activities related to the restoration and embellishment of relics.
The Relic Management Boards in localities, composed of prestigious people with knowledge of relics, are representatives of the people who have a direct role in protecting, preserving, exploiting and using cultural relics in the area under the direction of the District People's Committee and the professional guidance of the Cultural Heritage Management Department under the Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism of Hai Duong province and the District Department of Culture - Information. Coordinate with specialized agencies of the province and district to propagate relics, mobilize socialization of conservation activities, restoration and promotion of existing relic values at the relics; manage assets and operating costs in accordance with the provisions of the current State Budget Law; research, collect documents, artifacts and images for display and introduction to serve visitors and worshippers, and at the same time serve scientific research and traditional education.
Coordinate with sectors, organizations and communities to protect cultural relics in the area and ensure the safety of visitors. Combine handling violations and encroachments on relic sites, and at the same time propagate and educate local people to actively participate in protecting historical relic sites.
The local community, they are the ones who use and enjoy the values of the relics, they are responsible for strictly complying with the regulations of the state and locality in exploiting and using the relics, they have the right to use the relics, enjoy the values from the relics, at the same time they are responsible for protecting the relics, not encroaching on the relics, renovating and embellishing the relics by contributing human resources and material assets to carry out the renovation and embellishment of the relics in accordance with the regulations of the state.
2.2. Management activities
2.2.1. Develop, promulgate and implement documents on relic management in the area.
The People's Committee of Hai Duong province issued Decision 1987/QD-UBND dated April 19, 2004 of the People's Committee of Hai Duong province on promulgating the Regulation on ranking and managing historical and cultural relics - provincial-level scenic spots in Hai Duong province. This Regulation stipulates the decentralization of management, protection and promotion of the value of historical and cultural relics, scenic spots (hereinafter referred to as relics) that have been ranked and construction works, locations, natural landscapes, natural areas in the inventory list of relics (hereinafter referred to as relics in the inventory list) under the management authority of the People's Committee of Hai Duong province (hereinafter referred to as the Provincial People's Committee). This Regulation applies to Vietnamese organizations and individuals; Departments, branches, sectors, unions, People's Committees of districts, cities, communes, wards and towns in Hai Duong province; Foreign organizations and individuals involved in the management of historical - cultural relics and scenic spots that have been ranked or assigned to manage, protect, use and promote the value and relics on the inventory list in Hai Duong province. The management, protection and promotion of the value of relics under the management authority of the Provincial People's Committee must ensure compliance with the provisions of law.
Law on cultural heritage and relevant current legal regulations. Ensure close and effective coordination between sectors and levels in the management field by sector, field and locality.
The Provincial People's Committee issued Decision No. 393/QD-UBND of Hai Duong Province dated January 30, 2008 of the Hai Duong Provincial People's Committee on Approval of the master plan for conservation and promotion of cultural heritage of Hai Duong Province for the period 2008 - 2015, with a vision to 2020. This Decision aims to set out the objectives; planning contents and main solutions for conservation and promotion of cultural heritage of Hai Duong Province until 2015, with a vision to 2020 .
Ninh Giang district issued Project No. 05-DA/HU dated September 7, 2016 and Plan No. 14/KH-UBND dated March 8, 2017 on the implementation of the Project "Preserving and promoting the values of cultural heritage in Ninh Giang district in the period of 2016 - 2020". The content of these documents aims to carry out tasks and propose solutions to preserve and promote the values of cultural heritage in Ninh Giang district. Specifically, the tasks are: Restoring and embellishing relics (especially ranked relics); restoring, maintaining and promoting traditional festivals; Propagating and promoting relics, festivals, and craft villages associated with tourism development. Solutions such as: Improving the effectiveness of State management of cultural heritage ; improving the quality of advice of specialized agencies; perfecting the management apparatus of cultural heritage; Promote propaganda to raise awareness of preserving and promoting the value of cultural heritage, actively promote cultural heritage; innovate traditional education forms; pay attention to the work of embellishing and restoring relics, consolidating and perfecting cultural and sports institutions; promote socialization and mobilize resources to preserve and promote the value of cultural heritage.
From the above instructions, Ninh Giang district has carried out the protection of the relic. This has avoided the violation of the relic by
Individuals and urban planning development projects, new construction works violate the protected area and landscape of the relic. According to Mr. Nguyen Thanh Van - Head of the Department of Culture and Information of Ninh Giang district:
In the current context of rapid urbanization, along with the construction of new rural areas according to the Party's policy, the district has paid attention to and implemented the overall planning for typical relics. The district Party Committee and People's Committee have led and directed the planning of a number of typical relics ranked at the national and provincial levels. Currently, Ninh Giang district has planned the overall planning of 28 relics ranked at the national and provincial levels, typically: Khuc Thua Du Temple, Kien Quoc Commune; Tranh Temple, Dong Tam Commune; Trong Pagoda, Hung Long Commune; President Ho Chi Minh Memorial Area, Hong Thai Commune; Uncle Ho Monument, Hiep Luc Commune..." [Appendix 2, p.115 ] .
Investigations, surveys, and records (drawings, explanations) have been organized to assess the historical, cultural, scientific, and aesthetic values of relics, artifacts, antiquities, and cultural heritages. Communes and towns have planned and zoned off historical and cultural relic sites for protection and have gradually implemented projects to upgrade, restore, and preserve historical and cultural relics. The relics have been gradually zoned for protection and granted land use right certificates. Mr. Bui Quang Trieu - Deputy Head of the Standing Committee of the Management Board of the National Hero Temple of Khuc Thua Du, Kien Quoc Commune said:
The planning and protection of the temple of national hero Khuc Thua Du is very necessary, very much in line with the wishes of the people as well as the Khuc family of Vietnam. Thus, the land of the temple will not be encroached upon, and the construction items will be invested in and restored more promptly [ Appendix 2, p.115 ] .
The whole district has 335 relics, of which 28 are ranked at national and provincial levels, 65 relics are granted land use right certificates, 112 relics are restored and embellished [ Appendix 1, Statistics of Cultural and Historical Sites in Ninh Giang District ]. Every year, communes and towns coordinate with the district Department of Culture and Information, Hai Duong Provincial Museum to organize an inventory of relics and antiquities to manage and protect the relics in the area. Assign specialized civil servants to organize inspections and reviews of degraded relics to take measures to prevent degradation.
In addition to planning, Ninh Giang district also develops short-term, medium-term and long-term plans for preserving and promoting cultural heritage values such as: plan for surveying and inventorying relics; plan for preparing dossiers for ranking relics; plan for preventing relic degradation; plan for restoring traditional festivals; plan for investigating the current status of relic land; plan for inventorying antiquities at relics; plan for implementing the Project "Preserving and promoting cultural heritage values" in Ninh Giang district for the period 2016 - 2020; plan for propagating and promoting the values and images of relics; plan for organizing training and fostering knowledge about cultural heritage for cultural civil servants, for members of relic management boards in the district...
The Department of Culture and Information is a specialized agency advising the District People's Committee on State management in the cultural field. The work of issuing State management documents is developed by the District People's Committee and the Department of Culture and Information in line with the actual situation of the locality. The Department of Culture and Information regularly advises the District Party Committee and the District People's Committee to develop and issue Resolutions, Projects, Directives, plans, and documents to guide and direct relevant agencies and People's Committees of communes, towns, relic management boards, and those assigned to look after relics.
Do a good job of managing and protecting relics, especially during the beginning of the year and festivals at the relics.
Ninh Giang District Party Committee issued Project No. 05-DA/HU dated September 7, 2016 on preserving and promoting the value of cultural heritage in Ninh Giang district in the period of 2016 - 2020. The project aims to evaluate the achievements and point out the limitations in the work of preserving and promoting the value of cultural heritage. At the same time, the project also sets out tasks and solutions to do a good job of preserving and promoting the value of cultural heritage in the district in the period of 2016 - 2020.
Ninh Giang District People's Committee issued Plan No. 14/KH-UBND dated March 8, 2017 to deploy and implement Project No. 05 of the District Party Committee on preserving and promoting the value of cultural heritage in the district for the period 2016 - 2020; Plan No. 31/KH-UBND dated July 14, 2009 on organizing the inauguration ceremony of Khuc Thua Du Temple. The plan clearly states the content and program of the ceremony, assigning specific tasks to each agency and unit in organizing the inauguration ceremony; Document No. 144/UBND-VHTT dated June 24, 2013 on perfecting the Management Board of relics ranked at provincial and national levels in the district. The content of the document directs the People's Committees of communes with relics ranked as provincial and national relics to strengthen the relic management board, assign specific tasks to members of the local relic management board; Notice No. 24/TB-UBND dated August 11, 2011 on suspending the construction of illegal worship facilities in the area of the Luoc River bank in Ward 2, Ninh Giang town. The content of the notice is about the violations of the worship facilities, and at the same time requires the parties involved in the construction of illegal worship facilities to use construction.
The development of management documents ensures quality and effectiveness, is close to the actual situation of the locality, and practically serves the work.