Conditions and Potential for Tourism Development in Sam Son Town Sam Son

* Logical method

The logical method is a method of examining and studying historical events in an overview form, aiming to outline the nature, inevitable trends, and laws of historical movement. Unlike the historical method, the logical method does not delve into the entire development, the twists and turns, and historical regressions, but it ignores the random things that can happen and grasps the inevitable development, grasps the core of development, that is, grasps the laws of history. Thus, the logical method also reflects the historical process but reflects it in an abstract and objective form through reasoning. That is to say, the logical method presents events in a general way in a relationship that is in accordance with the laws, eliminating non-essential details. That is a special form of reflecting the historical process.

The thesis presents the facts and makes the observations that have been made, paying attention to the logical movement of the town's socio-economic development associated with the implementation of policies and programs for sustainable tourism development, pointing out the laws and trends of its movement. For example, for tourism to develop economically sustainable tourism, in addition to the guiding viewpoints and policies of the town, it also depends on natural conditions, socio-economic conditions, adaptability, and access to local people.

2.2.3. Data collection method

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In order for information to be collected accurately, reasonably and valuable, the requirements for determining the types of data collected must be clearly defined based on the research objectives. When using this method, the author determines that the data must comply with the requirements: The information contained in the data must be appropriate and sufficient to clarify the research objectives.

Secondary data is data collected by others, used for purposes that may be different from the purpose of our research topic. Secondary data can be unprocessed data (also known as raw data) or processed data. Thus, secondary data is not directly collected by the researcher.

The author collected secondary data for the research topic through studying reports of relevant levels and departments on sustainable tourism development in Sam Son town, data on websites related to sustainable tourism development, previously researched topics, theses, dissertations with the same topic or research in the media, etc.

This method is used in the thesis as follows:

- Chapter 1: The author collects scientific works related to the topic, then analyzes and synthesizes to write an overview of the research situation related to the topic. In addition, the thesis also collects data from those scientific works to build a theoretical framework for the issue of sustainable tourism development in a systematic way as a basis for the research in chapter 3.

- Chapter 3: The author uses this method to collect data related to the sustainable tourism development process, then analyzes and synthesizes to obtain assessments and conclusions.

2.3.4. Statistical methods

Statistics is a system of methods (collecting, synthesizing, presenting data and calculating characteristics of research objects) to serve the process of analysis, prediction and decision making. Statistics is divided into 2 fields: descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Therefore, each field has its own function, synthesizing the 2 functions of these 2 fields will give us the function of statistics.

This method is used extensively in Chapters 1, 2 and 3 of the thesis. Chapter 1, the thesis statistically describes published research works that are directly and indirectly related to the topic, the theoretical basis for sustainable tourism development. Chapter 2, the thesis describes the research methods used along with the content of the methods, the significance of the methods in achieving the research objectives. Chapter 3, after collecting data, conducting statistics, describing and synthesizing the data, the thesis gives assessments of the current status of sustainable tourism development in Sam Son town, Thanh Hoa province.

2.3.5. Analytical method and synthetic method

Analysis is to divide the whole of the research object into simpler parts, aspects, and constituent elements to study, discover the properties and nature of each element, and from there help us understand the research object more coherently, understand the complex common from those parts. The task of analysis is to find the common through the particular, find the essence through the phenomenon, find the common through the specific.

Synthesis is the opposite process of analysis, but it supports the analysis process to find the general and the general. From the research results of each aspect, it is necessary to synthesize to have a full and correct perception of the general, to find the nature and the law of motion of the research object.

Analysis and synthesis are two closely related methods that regulate and complement each other in research and have an objective basis in the structure and regularity of the object itself. In analysis, the correct construction of classification criteria as a scientific basis for forming the object of study of that part is very important. In synthetic research, the important role belongs to the ability to link specific results (sometimes opposite) from analysis, the ability to abstract, generalize and grasp qualitatively from many different quantitative aspects.

These two methods are used in the thesis as follows:

- Chapter 1: The thesis uses the analytical method to analyze domestic and foreign research works related to the topic, analyze the aspects that have been achieved, the aspects that have not been achieved. From there, the thesis uses the synthesis method to draw research results of the above works: achieved results, gaps in the research to find the direction for its thesis.

- Chapter 2: The author synthesizes the political economic research methods used in the thesis, and then analyzes how each method is used in the thesis.

- Chapter 3: The analytical method is mainly used in this chapter. In this chapter, the factors affecting the development of sustainable tourism are analyzed, focusing on the factors: natural conditions, socio-economic conditions. In particular, the analytical method is used to analyze the current status of sustainable tourism development in Sam Son town, Thanh Hoa province on tasks such as: building a management apparatus; strategic development planning; promulgation of legal documents; management of tourism activities and inspection, examination and supervision of tourism activities. To do this, the author also uses the synthesis method to synthesize relevant documents and policies of the Sam Son town government.

Next, the author uses the analytical method to evaluate the development of tourism in Sam Son from the perspective of sustainable development in 3 areas: economy, society and environment; analyzes the limitations and causes of the limitations on the issue of sustainable tourism development in Sam Son town, Thanh Hoa province.

- Chapter 4: The analytical method is used to analyze the goals and development trends of tourism in Sam Son town, Thanh Hoa province, on that basis, solutions are proposed for tourism to develop in a more sustainable direction in the coming time.

Chapter 3

CURRENT STATE OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN SAM SON TOWN

3.1. Conditions and potential for tourism development in Sam Son town Sam Son

3.1.1. Natural and socio-economic conditions in Sam Son town

3.1.1.1. Natural conditions

* Geographical location

Sam Son is a coastal town in the east of Thanh Hoa province, Vietnam. Sam Son town is located in the east of Thanh Hoa province, about 15 km from Thanh Hoa city; the north borders Hoang Hoa district (the boundary is Ma river); the south and west borders Quang Xuong district (apart from Do river); the east borders Bac Bo Gulf.

In 2014, Thanh Hoa Province issued Resolution 91/2014/NQ-HDND on adjusting the administrative boundaries of Quang Xuong district to expand Sam Son town. After the expansion, Sam Son town has 11 administrative units, including 04 wards: Bac Son, Trung Son, Truong Son, Quang Tien and 07 communes: Quang Cu, Quang Chau, Quang Tho, Quang Vinh, Quang Minh, Quang Hung, Quang Dai; with 4,539.89 hectares of natural area and 101,132 people.

15km from Thanh Hoa city and 150km from Hanoi capital, Sam Son is considered a tourist destination with a convenient geographical location for travel. Sam Son is the most important tourist destination of Thanh Hoa province and is one of the economic centers of the locality. At the same time, this is also an important tourist destination of the North Central tourist region.

* Terrain features

Sam Son town has two main types of terrain, which are coastal plain terrain and low mountainous terrain.

- Regarding coastal plain terrain: The western area of Sam Son town runs along the Do River from Truong Le to Ma River. This is a saline land, since the construction of Truong Le dam, the land has gradually become fresh and is now used for rice cultivation but with low productivity.

- Regarding low mountainous terrain: including the entire Truong Le mountain range, located in the South of Sam Son town, with a total area of about 300 hectares, the slope of the mountain is gentle, allowing the construction of resorts and entertainment facilities on the mountain.

- Coastal area: includes the area east of Ho Xuan Huong street from the foot of Doc Cuoc temple. This is a strip of fine, gentle sand, gradually sloping towards the sea, suitable for the requirements of a beach (slope from 2 - 5%), area of about 150 hectares, 200 meters wide.

- Mountainous area. Including the entire Truong Le mountain, located close to the sea, average height of about 50 meters, the highest peak reaches 76 meters, with steep cliffs facing the sea, very suitable for mountain climbing and adventure tourism. In addition, there are also large lawns and gentle slopes suitable for camping, entertainment...

* Climate characteristics

Sam Son town is located in the Northern Vietnam climate zone, in the tropical monsoon climate zone with cold winters. The climate is divided into two distinct seasons: hot, humid summers with lots of rain and cold, low-rain winters.

Temperature: Sam Son has a relatively high temperature, the average annual temperature is about 23 o C. The average summer temperature (May - September) is 25 o C, the hottest month has a temperature of up to 40 o C; the average winter temperature (from December of the previous year to March of the following year) is 20 o C, the coldest month can drop to 5 o C.

Wind regime: Sam Son is affected by two main types of wind: the Northeast monsoon and the Southwest monsoon. The Northeast monsoon usually appears in winter (from November to February of the following year) bringing cold air, causing the temperature to drop by 5 - 10 degrees Celsius compared to the average annual temperature. In summer (from March to November), the prevailing wind is the Southeast carrying water vapor causing heavy rain. In early summer, the hot, dry West wind (Lao wind) often appears, greatly affecting production and people's lives.

Rainfall regime: Rainfall in Sam Son is quite large, with an annual average of 1600 - 1900 mm, but the distribution is very uneven between the two seasons. The dry season (from December to April of the following year) has very little rainfall, accounting for only 15% of the annual rainfall, whereas the rainy season (from May to September) has very little rainfall.

- 11) concentrates up to 85% of the annual rainfall. In addition, this season often has thunderstorms, storms accompanied by heavy rain causing localized flooding.

Tidal regime: The tide in the Sam Son area has a regular diurnal tide regime. In the summer, the tide rises at 7am and falls at 2-4pm; in the winter, it is the opposite: it falls at 6-9am and rises at 2-4pm. The average tidal amplitude is about 1.2-1.6 meters, the highest reaching 2-2.5 meters. This tidal regime is very suitable for beach tourism activities.

Although the climate in Sam Son is clearly divided by season, due to the moderating effect of the sea, the climate is relatively pleasant, cool in the summer, less cold in the winter, quite suitable for swimming, sightseeing, relaxation and suitable for the growth of many types of plants and animals.

3.1.1.2. Socio-economic conditions of Sam Son town

* About economy

In recent years, Sam Son town has strived to achieve many important results in economic fields . The average economic growth rate in the period of 2010 - 2015 is estimated at 18.08%, 2.88% higher than the period of 2005 - 2010. High economic growth has led to an average income per capita of 51 million VND, 2.5 times higher than in 2010, much higher than the average income per capita of 51 million VND.

people of Thanh Hoa province as well as the whole country. In the economic sectors, services account for the highest proportion of 76.6%; agriculture, forestry and fishery 12.6%; industry and construction 10.8%. Annual budget revenue exceeds the assigned estimate by 16.3%/year; in 2015, budget revenue is estimated at 95 billion VND, an increase of 20% compared to 2010. During the period 2010

– In 2015, the town's economy generally had a high growth rate, towards sustainability.

The economic structure has shifted in the right direction, infrastructure has developed, the investment and business environment has improved, investment capital has increased rapidly, many large projects have been implemented, such as: FLC golf course and luxury resort project , Ho Xuan Huong road expansion project and East-West cross- roads ...

* Population and labor

In 2015, the total population of Sam Son was 107,970 people, accounting for nearly 1.7% of the population of Thanh Hoa province. The average population density was 3,496 people/km 2 , 10 times higher than the average of the province (about 340 people/km 2 ) . With that total population, the human resource

Sam Son's labor force is quite abundant. In 2015, the working-age population was approximately

68,280 people, accounting for 61.2% of the total population. Currently, the number of workers working in the national economic sectors is 81,670 people, accounting for 82.7% of the working age population, of which the majority are workers in the service sector, accounting for over 50% of the total social workforce.

Sam Son has a relatively young population structure; the educational level of the population is quite high. Up to now, Sam Son has completed universal secondary education at the right age (2004); 45% of schools meet national standards, 37% of the labor force is trained. This is the main human resource that will be mobilized for the socio-economic development of the town in the coming years.

* About technical infrastructure serving tourism

Over the past years, Sam Son Town has paid attention to synchronously developing and modernizing the local traffic system to ensure continuity and connectivity within the entire town and between Sam Son Town and other localities by upgrading and constructing new main traffic axes : Nam Song Ma Avenue, National Highway 47 (gateway to Sam Son), and Nam Song Ma Port.

main alley of Sam Son town), widen the road surface from 4 to 6 lanes; Route

connecting the South Sam Son area with Thanh Hoa city; Tran Hung Dao, Nguyen Du, Nguyen Trai, Ho Xuan Huong extended roads; East-West routes in the inner city area, Golf course and FLC international resort ( phase 1). In addition, a number of projects are continuing to be implemented such as the resort

FLC international road (phase 2), National Highway 47 extension, Hong Thang luxury villa area, urban area on both sides of Do River, Trung Moi residential area, short roads down to the sea... The complete traffic infrastructure system has contributed to changing the face of Sam Son urban area in a modern direction.

3.1.2. Potential for tourism development in Sam Son town

3.1.2.1. Natural tourism resources

Sam Son has a coastline of about 9 km, from Hoi estuary (Ma River) to Vung Tien (Vung Ngoc) with beautiful beaches such as inner-city beaches (A, B, C, D), Quang Cu beach, Nix beach, Lan beach, Vung Tien beach... These beaches all have the common feature of

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