Classification Criteria for Southern Vietnam Tourism

2.3.1.2. Average annual rainfall index

Rainfall factors have a great influence on tourism activities. Places with heavy rain often have many rainy days and high humidity. Places with heavy rain often have negative effects on human health and reduce the time for tourism activities. To evaluate, the researcher chose the total rainfall factor to see the distribution of rainfall and the differentiation of air humidity in the research area. At the same time, heavy rain and some special rainfall patterns (heavy rain, drizzle...) have a great influence on time, increasing the risk in organizing and successfully implementing tourism activities.

The South has a fairly large amount of rainfall due to its location directly receiving the southwest monsoon and adjacent to the sea. However, the average annual rainfall is unevenly distributed in the Southern regions, from very heavy rain to very little rain. Phu Quoc is located in the far west of Vietnam and receives the earliest summer monsoon, so it has the highest rainfall in the region, over 3000 mm/year. On the contrary, in the central lowland of the South, the rainfall is less than 1300 mm with a 6-month dry season. The NCS relies on the rainfall classification for DL by Indian researchers [43] because this classification is suitable for Vietnam's climate conditions. From there, 4 levels of annual rainfall classification in the Southern region were built ( Table 2.2 ): Heavy rain - Rn ≥ 2000mm TDTL for DL; Moderate rain - 1500 <Rn

<2000mm TL for DL; Little rain 1300 <Rn <1500mm and very little rain 1300 <Rn evaluate RTL for DL.

2.3.1.3. Number of rainy days

In tourism activities, the number of rainy days also reflects the time conditions for organizing and implementing tourism activities. The number of rainy days reflects the humidity level over time and has an impact on human health, on the organization of some typical tourism activities such as national tourism, eco-tourism. In the South, island areas such as Phu Quoc, Con Dao or Ca Mau peninsula, where the direction of the summer monsoon is perpendicular, Phuoc Long of Binh Phuoc where the terrain is wind-blocking, have a lot of rainy days, while the area around the Tien and Hau rivers has very few rainy days. From the data collected from 20 stations in the South, the researcher classified the number of rainy days into 4 levels: Number of rainy days n ≥ 160 : TĐTL for tourism; average number of rainy days 140 ≤ n<160 TL for tourism; Number of low rainy days 120 ≤ n<140 and number of very low rainy days n < 120 RTL for tourism development.

Table 2.1. Classification criteria for tourism in Southern Vietnam

Target

Grant	Rating level	Symbol
Average temperature (T: ºC)	T>26	very hot	I
	24<T≤26	Hot	II
	T≤24	Heat	III
Rainfall (Rn: mm)	Rn ≥ 2000	Heavy rain	A
	1500 <Rn <2000	Moderate rain	B
	1300 <Rn <1500	Little rain	C
	1300 <Rn	Very little rain	D
Number of rainy days (n: days)	n ≥ 160	Number of rainy days	a
	140 ≤ n<160	Number of moderate rainy days	b
	120 ≤ n<140	Few rainy days	c
	n < 120	Very few rainy days	d

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Weather and climate affect the human body in a comprehensive way - in fact, it is a combination of many meteorological and climatic factors that are closely related and influence each other. Therefore, when evaluating, it is necessary to evaluate the factors comprehensively and build a system of comprehensive indicators according to the evaluation criteria.

2.3.2. Classification results of Bioclimate of Southern Tourism

As a result, in the Southern region, there are a total of 12 types of SKH. They are represented through a set of symbols such as: IAa, IBb, ICc, IDb, .... The description of the characteristics of SKH units is carried out in order from SKH types: III - slightly hot, II - hot, to: I - very hot; From SKH types with heavy rain (A), moderate rain (B), little rain

(C) to very little rain (D); based on the number of rainy days: number of days with a lot of rain (a), number of days with moderate rain (b), number of days with little rain (c), number of days with very little rain (d) ... Specifically, the 12 types of climate change are as follows: IIIAa: Type of slightly hot climate change, lots of rain, number of days with a lot of rain ; IIAa: Type of hot climate change, lots of rain, number of days with a lot of rain; IAa: Type of very hot climate change, lots of rain, number of days with a lot of rain; IAb: Type of very hot climate change, lots of rain, number of days with moderate rain; IAc: Type of very hot climate change, lots of rain, number of days with little rain; IBa: Type of very hot climate change, moderate rain, number of days with a lot of rain; IBb: Type of very hot climate change, moderate rain, number of days with moderate rain; IBc: Type of very hot climate change, moderate rain, number of days with little rain; ICb: Type of very hot climate change, little rain, number of days with moderate rain; ICc: Type of very hot climate change, little rain, number of days with little rain; IDb: Very hot SKH type, very little rain, number of moderate rain days; IDd: Very hot SKH type, very little rain, number of very little rain days.

2.3.3. Establishing a classification map of Southern SKH

2.3.3.1. Principles for establishing a Southern Biodiversity Classification Map

For the formation of SKH map, starting from the perspective of SKH research on the basis of considering the essential relationship between lowland climate conditions and highland conditions.

Human physiology, the construction of the SKH map must comply with the following principles: The SKH map must first reflect the climatic characteristics of the research territory, their differentiation in space. The SKH map must reflect the advantages and disadvantages of the SKH conditions for the organization of tourism and the implementation of tourism activities in the research area. The SKH map serving the purpose of tourism and recreation must reflect the nature of the impacts of climatic factors on human health and the implementation of tourism activities.

2.3.3.2. Method of creating a Bioclimatic Classification Map of the South

- The methods used to create a SKH map include statistical and data processing methods, field methods and methods using the GIS geographic information system. The map methods to represent the main contents of the map are the point symbol method (meteorological stations), the qualitative background method combined with brush strokes (types of SKH).

Based on the content and research territory to determine the map scale. The Southern region's SKH classification map for sustainable tourism development is selected with a map scale of 1:250,000, UTM projection grid based on the VN-2000 reference system.

Table 2.2. Classification results of Southern Tourism SKH

2.3.4. Evaluation of Southern tourism SKH resources using TCI index

The results of the assessment and calculation of the climate data series at the Southern meteorological stations in the period 1980-2015 ( Table 2.4 ), compared with Table 1.2, show that the average annual TCI of the Southern region is mainly in the range of 40-54 (acceptable to relatively good), which can develop tourism activities. In 12 months, TCI

<40 (unfavorable for tourism activities) only appears on average from 1-3 months, some places only have 1 month with TCI unfavorable for tourism development such as Vung Tau, Can Tho, Cao Lanh, Chau Doc, even Con Dao has no month unfavorable for tourism activities, from May to November TCI is at an acceptable threshold for implementing tourism activities. For areas with quite high temperature conditions of 25°C on average, quite large rainfall of over 1,200 mm/year such as the South, the results of the average annual TCI and monthly TCI as above show the tourism development potential of the area.

TCI – Tourism climate index reaches a score of 60 – 80 points (good to very good) commonly in 4 months from December, January, February, March. This is the dry season in the South, this season is often very favorable for tourism activities. By April, TCI begins to lower its rating to the limit for tourism activities. The reason for this is that in April the climate is too hot and harsh, hindering the heat exchange process. The CID and CIA indexes often exceed the comfortable level of thermal sensation. On the other hand, in April, the first rains of the rainy season begin to appear, which also hinders outdoor tourism activities. TCI decreases, being rated at an unfavorable level for tourism development in the months of May, June, and September.

VII. This is the rainy season in Southern Vietnam, climate indicators such as rainfall, wind, number of sunny hours per day, large temperature and humidity differences, the total TCI results in some places are <40. Even the rainfall index at Southern stations is 0 in the rainy season months, from V - VIII, in December, this index increases to a good to very good level for tourism activities at all Southern stations.

The TCI tourism climate index is not the same between regions. The Southeast region has more months with good to very good TCI index than the Central region. The favorable months for tourism development in the Southeast start from November to March, April of the following year, the month with TCI > 70 (good), Vung Tau has many high TCI months and the highest TCI score > 80, which is excellent for tourism development, especially resorts. Meanwhile, the Central provinces have fewer months with TCI, from December to February or March of the following year. Some provinces in the Central region also have unfavorable TCI index for tourism in 3 months such as Soc Trang, Phu Quoc, Rach Gia.

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