Associations, countries and localities organize to build their reputation, attract tourists to participate in events.
b. Classification by event organizer
Government block
- Celebrate traditional days such as national independence day, victory day...
- Important events such as key sporting and cultural events.
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- Mass events, festivals and local fairs.
- Art festivals, cultural events, tours, themed art exhibitions.
- Festivals, attractive events, lifestyle demonstrations to promote new images.
- Events that demonstrate national identity and different cultural fields…
Block of companies
- Promote industry, organize conferences and fairs
- Promotional events and product introduction, sponsor image building
- Ticketed sporting events, concerts, exhibitions
- Media promotion such as concerts, fundraisers…
Mass block
- Events for relief and charity fundraising
- Events organized by clubs and social organizations
c. Some other classification methods
Events are often classified according to the specific industry of the event. For example, public events, tourism events, political events, social events, sporting events, etc.
According to purpose, events include types such as: social/private events, conventions, expositions, consumerevent meetings, promotional/ marketing events.
According to the content and nature of the events, award events; charity fundraisers; conferences, exhibitions; fashion shows; fairs and festivals; grand openings; meeting, holiday events; new product launches; seminars; trade shows ...
There are also many other ways of dividing, depending on the purpose and perspective of the author. Some people also divide into event – in house and event – out door to emphasize whether the event space is indoors or outdoors.
In short, as presented in the previous section, event is a very broad concept, its connotation is very large. Therefore, finding a standard concept or classification is very difficult. Depending on the approach and research purpose, there will be corresponding divisions, but this division is only relative.
1.1.3. Characteristics of event tourism and event tourists
1.1.3.1. Characteristics of event tourism
Events are the systematic planning, development and marketing of festivals and special events. In general, events serve as tourist attractions, development catalysts, and ways of building the image of community resources and tourist destinations.
The target audience of event tourism is often very large, from many different localities, countries, and regions coming to participate in the event. Especially events of international and regional scale will attract a very large number of visitors to participate in the event.
Events are often seasonal such as: Hue Festival, Ha Long Carnival, Da Nang Fireworks, Thai Nguyen Tea Festival, Hanoi Tourism Festival...
Event tourism customers come from many different social classes. They travel with the purpose of participating in the atmosphere of events at the destination, learning about the unique features of local customs and traditional culture.
Event activities are exploited to develop a large part of the community of residents at the destination. Because when an event is organized, it will create many jobs.
make for workers, at the same time during this occasion the quantity of goods and products consumed is very large. This is a significant source of profit from organizing event tourism activities.
These types of events are often held in places with favorable conditions for natural tourism resources and human tourism resources. Especially unique and attractive cultural tourism resources. This will be the basic factor to attract tourists to participate in events.
As presented above, the concept of event still exists in many different ways. Therefore, giving exact characteristics is also a relatively difficult problem and requires a long research period. Therefore, the characteristics of events in each different aspect are different, so in the process of learning to put into exploitation, it is necessary to carefully study each type of event so that the organization and exploitation activities bring high efficiency.
1.1.3.2. Event tourists
- Usually includes many nationalities, sometimes from only 1 country, but from many different organizations.
- Usually participate in large numbers.
- Short stay in the locality or host country. Busy and tight work schedule, requiring scientific organization.
- There are many special reception requirements related to many different levels and sectors, regarding work content, accommodation, travel, and reception.
- Often fluctuates greatly in quantity and service
1.1.4. Elements of event tourism [23, pp.411-412]
1.1.4.1. Major cultural events
As major cultural events such as festivals, feasts, major national religious events, cultural celebrations, etc., there are many forms. We consider some of the most common forms, especially those that are often related to professional management. Most religious events, on the contrary, are related to religious organizations. However, religious festivals are highlighted, and many ceremonies involve religious beliefs and secular elements, such as the Qingming Festival or wedding banquets.
1.1.4.2. Major political events
"Political and state events" These events involving very important people (VIPs) always attract a lot of attention, as do political demonstrations (demonstrations in support of a particular cause) and rallies. Governments and political parties holding conferences, ceremonies, and state visits are also events of this type.
1.1.4.3. National events
These are major national events related to the nation's major historical events to commemorate victories, but generally this type of event is called a memorial. Most countries and communities have some form of historical and heritage commemoration in their annual calendar. Occasionally a major anniversary is long, but usually it is short like national independence day.
1.1.4.4. Entertainment and arts events
Entertainment and arts events often include exhibitions ( festivals, sculptures, crafts ); performances ( music, plays, films, storytelling, poetry, often involving performance before an audience ); and interactions ( inseparable from performance and audience).
1.1.4.5. Economic events and trade promotion
Economic and trade promotion events are held centrally for a certain period of time and at a certain location for traders to display and introduce goods and services for the purpose of promoting and seeking opportunities to sign contracts for the purchase and sale of goods and service contracts, including:
+ Fair
- An exhibition (e.g. of agricultural products, manufactured goods, often accompanied by various competitions and entertainments as in a state fair); the exhibition may be competitive for prizes.
- An exhibition to inform people about a product or business opportunity
- An event, usually for the benefit of a charity or organization, that includes entertainment and the sale of goods (also called a market).
+ World Fair
The term “World’s Fair” has a very specific meaning, derived from an international agreement in 1928 and regulation by the Bureau International des Expositions in Paris. The BIE sets the bidding policy for and holds world’s fairs, commonly known as Exposés. Their nominal purpose has always been educational, with a particular focus on technological progress, but some authors have described them as glorified fairs (Benedict 1983) and political instruments (Hall 1988).
World's fairs, reflecting their importance in economic and social conditions and their popularity among fair lovers. Competition to host them is often fierce, as cities and countries see them as an opportunity to attract attention and tourists, often in concert with urban renewal or other development planning.
+ Exhibitions (commercial and consumer)
Sandra Morrow (1997), in her book The Art of the Show (produced for the International Association for Exposition Management -IAEM) emphasizes the core purpose of "trade" and "consumer" shows, stating that they "... provide a moment-sensitive, temporary marketing environment where buyers come to sellers."
"Consumer fairs" are open to the public, usually with an admission fee, and common themes are related to automobiles, travel and recreation, pets, electronics, gardening, arts and crafts, or other hobbies. The manufacturer, usually a private company, moves the show from place to place each year in any community. Venue owners may also produce their own. Manufacturers test new products at the shows, retailers try to sell them, and consumers are looking for both ideas and entertainment.
These “exhibitions” are usually invitation-only, based on specific business or association membership needs. Manufacturers or suppliers exhibiting at these events are trying to sell their products and services, or at least trying to inform potential customers. Common types are industrial, scientific and technical, or healthcare. Many include educational presentations or seminars. Often they are tied to conventions, such as when manufacturers
Provide industry with exhibition events at a trade fair associated with professional association meetings.
An “international trade fair” is a special event. It is usually aimed at a global or multinational audience, and is therefore often held in cities with airports and exhibition halls.
+ Conferences and seminars
Corporations and associations employ meeting or convention managers to handle their events. Many meeting planning businesses exist, some of which have expanded into the special events sector. Hotels, resorts, and convention centers also employ professionals whose jobs include marketing and hosting meetings and other events.
1.1.4.6. Scientific and educational events
Events in this category are organized for scientific and educational purposes, such as training seminars, scientific cooperation seminars... They are often treated as meetings and conventions, but their objectives lead to different requirements. Interpretive events are organized to educate visitors in the way of separate event programs.
1.1.4.7. Personal events
Private events, although they are "private events" organized for individuals, families and social groups, especially football players, comedians, film or music stars. These events often attract a great deal of attention from audiences and media agencies.
1.1.5. Conditions for developing event tourism
1.1.5.1. Position and role of local government and people
Event tourism is a type of tourism that was born and developed later than some other types of tourism. This type of tourism was formed when the need for economic, political, cultural and social exchange and cooperation between countries and territories was promoted, especially in the current trend of international integration. To ensure the development of event tourism, each destination (a city, a region, a country) must be able to meet requirements in many aspects. That must be
The locality has developed economic conditions, worthy of a cultural, commercial, service, tourism, educational and training center... At the same time, the geographical location must also be convenient for international exchange and cooperation at home and abroad. Thus, the locality will be attractive to international conferences, seminars, exhibitions and events.
1.1.5.2. The role of tourism business
Enterprises play an important role in promoting the development of tourism, in the intermediary position of bringing visitors to the destination. Event tourism is a type of tourism with visitors coming from many different countries and localities. This type of tourism requires a high level of synchronization of infrastructure, technical facilities, and quality of the workforce. Therefore, enterprises play a very important role in supporting coordination to develop enterprises and local tourism.
1.1.5.3. The role of tourists
Tourists are the consumers or users of tourism products. It is also tourists who set the quality requirements for local or business products. Whether a product can be sold or not depends on whether it meets the quality requirements set by tourists or not.
Tourists are at the heart of the business, “customer-oriented” tourist destinations are the survival philosophy of businesses in particular and tourist destinations in general.
To develop tourism in general and event tourism in particular, localities should study the psychology, demographics, and needs of customers... From there, they will exploit products that "customers need, not that the locality has".
1.1.5.4. Requirements on service quality and staff
+ Regarding service quality: Event tourists often have high requirements for service quality. Thus, the quality of services provided for organizing these groups of guests is more focused on both form and content to ensure the best, high-class services to attract and satisfy customers.
+ Regarding human resources: The requirements for service human resources must also be professional and of high quality, with special attention paid to competent service staff and specialized service in conferences, seminars, fairs, exhibitions, etc.
1.1.5.5. Infrastructure and technical facilities
Events are a type of tourism that is not only for relaxation but mainly for business meetings, fairs, exhibitions, events, groups of guests are often very large, maybe a few hundred, a few tens of thousands, a few hundred thousand guests... can be larger and have high requirements, so to do business in this type of tourism, it is necessary to fully prepare infrastructure and technical facilities such as:
+ Modern transportation and airport systems
+ A system of luxury hotels meeting 4-5 star standards, with large and modern conference centers or conference rooms
+ Fair and exhibition center capable of organizing fairs, exhibitions and events of international scale
+ System of banks and foreign exchange service points
+ Modern technical facilities meeting international standards to optimally serve conferences and seminars.
+ Modern communication system, widely developed internet service with ADSL broadband system can communicate 24/7, serving and welcoming all types of tourists, especially foreign tourists following this type of tourism.
1.1.5.6. Economic, political and social factors
+ Economic factors: Having a developed economy with all sectors, especially sectors such as industry, agriculture, trade, services, handicrafts, etc., can serve and fully meet the high demands of event guests in particular and tourists as well as people in general.
+ Political factors: There is a peaceful and stable political background. Political security and social order and safety are highly valued.
+ Social factors: Social issues are well ensured, people are friendly, enthusiastic and have a unique traditional culture.
1.1.5.7. Diverse and rich tourism resources with high combination potential
+ Tourism resources are an indispensable factor to create attractiveness for tourists and create tourism products of the destination. Event tourism is a type that does not require a high level of resource exploitation like other types of tourism.