Assessment and Forecast of Impacts During Project Preparation Phase

* Note:

- QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT: National technical regulation on ambient air quality (1 hour average).

- (1) QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT: National technical regulation on some toxic substances in ambient air.

- (-) : Not specified.

- Sample K1 - Sampling location: 50 m east of the project.

Coordinates: X1= 2365411.655 ; Y1 = 521334.890

- Sample K2 - Sampling location: 50 m west of the project.

Coordinates: X2= 2365063.213 ; Y2 = 520618.129

- Sample K3 - Sampling location: 50 m south of the project.

Coordinates: X3 = 2364811.372 ; Y3 = 520877.691

- Sample K4 - Sampling location: 50 m North of the project Coordinates: X4 = 2365524.909 ; Y4 = 520928.614

- Sample K5 - Sampling location: Central area of the project.

Coordinates: X5= 2365245.075 ; Y5= 520943.379

* Comment:

Compared with the National Technical Regulation on ambient air quality (QCVN05:2013/BTNMT), the results of air environment monitoring in the Project area are all within the permissible limits.

4.2. Assessment and forecast of impacts during project preparation phase

4.2.1. Assessment of suitability of project location options

To evaluate the suitability of the project location selection, the thesis relies on basic criteria in selecting project locations and other methods.

The assessment of the project's suitability against these criteria is shown in the following table:

Table 4.5. Suitability of project location selection

Criteria

construction plan

Project location features	Relevance
	Project "Investment in infrastructure of Thanh Minh industrial cluster,
	Phu Tho town" at zone 4, Thanh Minh commune, Phu Tho town
	Tho was approved by Phu Tho Provincial People's Committee to invest in
	Decision No. 1564/QD-UBND dated June 30,
	2017; The project land area has been approved by the People's Committee of Phu Yen province.
	Land use recovery and conversion
	Decision No. 319/QD-UBND dated February 5, 2015
In accordance with planning	2018 and handed over to the investor in the field land handover minutes dated March 7, 2018. 2018; Investor received Approval Decision	Fit
	Task of adjusting detailed planning at scale 1/500
	Thanh Minh Industrial Park - Phu Tho town today
	November 16, 2018 in Decision No. 5577/QD-
	Issued by the People's Committee of Phu Tho town.
	Therefore, the project land is expected to be built in accordance with
	master plan for socio-economic development, master plan
	Industry development planning, land use planning.
Local conditions	The construction geology is rice fields, with a soil foundation.
shape, geology	It is necessary to carry out leveling. In addition, the project replaces	Central
construction and	change of agricultural land use purpose, no possibility	jar
hydrology	resilience

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Construction planning criteria

build

Project location features	Relevance
	The project is located right next to the Thao left embankment road,
Conditions of	convenient for transportation into the project, inside
provide raw material	area rich in construction materials such as cement cement, iron, steel, stone... Therefore, the distance will be reduced.	Fit
construction materials	construction material transportation route, deflation
	dust and exhaust emissions from traffic activities.
	Project location area is near traffic route, next to
Infrastructure	The Thao dike road runs through, 1.5 km from provincial road 3.13, so there are traffic conditions. very convenient, available electricity and water network system	Fit
	local so it is very convenient to serve construction
	and operation.
	The project is located far from densely populated residential areas and has a
Effective economy	convenient traffic system, location on the route inter-commune. This is a favorable location to build industrial clusters.	Fit
	concentrated industry, concentrated production economic development.
Labor resources, and labor quality dynamic	The Northwest and Southeast of the project are quite densely populated in Thanh Minh commune, so the labor force is abundant and diverse in qualifications.	Fit
	The project is located in an agricultural area next to the basin.
Ability to consume drainage	Red River should have a system of surrounding canals The project is very convenient for water collection and drainage.	Fit
	waste

General comments:

The project is located in an area that is favorable in terms of raw material supply, traffic conditions... However, during the construction and operation process, it is necessary to pay serious attention to environmental issues arising from the project's impact on residential areas.

4.2.2. Assessment of the impact of site clearance

Site clearance for industrial park development has a very complex impact on the socio-economic environment of people in the area: Changing the purpose of land use, agricultural land into industrial land.

The project's site clearance and recovery of 22,925.7 hectares of land, when the project comes into operation, will be a great source of labor attraction and job creation not only for local people, but also for neighboring areas, contributing to increasing the knowledge and urban civilization of people in the area. In addition, the development of industrial clusters will promote the improvement of skills, management and operation capabilities of local officials and create more products for society.

In addition to the above effects, the project implementation also has negative impacts on the socio-economy of households in the project area, specifically as follows:

- If site clearance is not monitored, it is likely that the implementation will not be in accordance with the plan and will affect the rights of the people. The compensation amount may be different from the actual rights;

- The loss of organic soil causes a decrease in soil fertility, changes the soil structure, and is unable to recover;

- In addition, land leveling activities affect the infrastructure of the area, change the geological structure, and can cause subsidence and landslides in the surrounding area; in addition, households located in the project area will be affected by house foundations, walls, etc.

4.3. Assessment and forecast of impacts during the project construction phase

4.3.1. Sources of impacts related to waste

4.3.1.1. Impact on air environment

Source of origin

- Dust generated by the leveling process.

- Dust is generated by diffusion through means of transporting construction materials and construction works.

- Emissions from vehicles transporting construction materials and construction equipment.

Characteristics of air pollution are: dust, SO 2 , NO 2 , CO, VOC...

* Composition and load of pollutants

Dust:

- Dust from leveling and excavation activities.

The leveling process is considered the most significant source of dust during the construction phase for all construction sites.

- Embankment volume: 215,378.85 m 3 ~ 215,378.85 tons.

The volume of soil and rock generated during the leveling process is about 0.5% of the total excavation and embankment volume. Thus, the volume of soil and rock generated during the leveling process is 1,076.9 m 3 .

Table 4.6. Pollutant load due to project foundation excavation process

Pollution parameters	Pollution coefficient (kg/1,000 km)	Distance traveled (km)	Number of vehicles (trips/hour)	Pollution load (mg/ms)
1	Dust	0.9	5	19	0.0238
2	SO 2	0.0208			0.0005
3	NO x	14.4			0.3800
4	CO	2.9			0.0765
5	VOC	0.8			0.0211

Table 4.7. Forecast of increase in pollutant concentrations during raw material transportation activities

Calculation parameters

QCVN 05:2013/ BTNMT Average 1 hour
	u(m/s)	1.9
	h (m)	0.2
	z (m)	1
	xm)	10	20	30	40	50	100
		2.85	4.72	6.35	7.83	9.22	15.29
Concentration (mg/m 3 )
C Dust	0.008	0.005	0.004	0.003	0.003	0.002	-
C SO2	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.35
C NOx	0.132	0.084	0.063	0.051	0.044	0.026	0.2
C CO	0.027	0.017	0.013	0.010	0.009	0.005	30
C VOC	0.007	0.005	0.003	0.003	0.002	0.001	-

Thus, the dust load and some emissions such as SO 2 , CO, VOC, NO x generated from transportation activities are all within the permitted standards. During this process, investors need to take measures to minimize the impact of dust and emissions on the environment.

- Dust from the transportation of construction materials:

Substitute the values in and we have: E = 0.7 kg/km.

Considering the distance regularly affected in the project area is an average of  5 km, it is 0.7 kg x 21 vehicles/h ~ 14.7 kg/h or 0.018 mg/m 2 .s (emissions over an area of 229,257 m 2 ). In the area outside the project, soil and rock are mainly transported on compacted asphalt roads, so the amount of dust carried by vehicles is negligible.

- Dust from construction activities:

The amount of dust emitted from construction activities depends directly on the area of the construction site (construction site) and the level of implementation of construction activities. The dust emission factor from construction can be used to estimate the amount of dust emitted ( According to Air Chief, US Environmental Agency, 1995):

E = 2.69 tons/ha/month of construction

(This dust emission coefficient can be applied to estimate dust when construction intensity is at normal level, road condition is not too poor).

The estimated construction time is 9 months, the total construction site area is 229,257 m2 ( 2.6 ha/month). Thus, the total amount of dust emitted into the air due to construction activities is approximately: 2.6 x 22.9 ≈ 60 tons/month.

Emissions:

The impact of emissions on the air environment during this period is mainly due to the process of transporting soil and machinery for leveling and digging drainage ditches. This amount of emissions has been calculated based on the calculation of dust load and concentration above.

During the construction phase, the volume of construction works is not large, so the amount of fuel used for the construction process is not much, and the amount of emissions generated from transportation activities is insignificant.

- Emissions from machinery and equipment:

The operation of construction vehicles and equipment will generate polluting gases containing products of fuel combustion of engines such as NO x , SO 2 , CO... The amount of dust and emissions generated depends on the quantity, capacity, age and amount of fuel consumed. As presented in chapter 1, construction vehicles and equipment are shown in the following table:

Table 4.8. List of construction equipment using diesel fuel

Device Type	Quantity	Total fuel used/shift*
1	16T pneumatic compactor	02	76.00 liters of diesel
2	Bulldozer 130 CV	03	138.00 liters of diesel
3	Crane	01	81 liters of diesel
4	Excavator	10	1,058 liters of diesel
5	16 Ton Dump Truck	20	760 liters of diesel
6	10T crawler crane	01	30 diesel
7	Concrete cutter 12 CV (MCD218)	01	7 liters of diesel
8	10T Roller	02	44 liters of diesel
9	Paver 50 - 60 m3 / h	01	25.2 liters of diesel
10	Concrete Paver SP.500	03	183 liters of diesel
11	110 CV grader	01	39 liters of diesel
12	Concrete mixer truck 14.5 m3	02	116 diesel
13	5 m3 water truck	01	23 liters of diesel
	Total		2,580.2