Advantages and Disadvantages in the Development of Thai Binh Tourism

meet the needs of tourists, but in Vu Thu there are almost no restaurants and tourists often have to go to the city center)

Souvenir stalls and shops focus on imported goods from various places, mainly Chinese goods. Very few or no traditional handicrafts are sold due to the lack of tourism products in Thai Binh. A survey at 3 major tourist destinations in Thai Binh showed that souvenir stalls mainly sell bracelets, key chains, photos of historical sites, etc., products that can be purchased at any tourist destination, not necessarily in Thai Binh.

Motels and hotels serving tourism have not yet met the needs of tourism development. According to statistics from the Department of Culture of Hung Ha district - where many architectural and artistic relics are concentrated, with the most development potential, there are currently about 14 motels and hotels in Hung Ha. Of which, the hotel has the largest number of rooms of 14 rooms, the smallest is 4 rooms. The area of ​​the rooms is from 10-20m2. At Keo Vu Thu pagoda, according to statistics, there are also about 13 motels and hotels with the largest number of rooms in a hotel being 36 rooms, the least being 5 rooms, the room area is also about 10-25m2. Thus, the accommodation system is not guaranteed, leading to the inhibition of tourism development in Thai Binh.

Because Thai Binh is still poor in tourism products, spending on other services in Thai Binh is still low. Take Keo Pagoda as a typical example, which annually welcomes 5,000 to 6,000 visitors, but mainly domestic visitors come in January and September. Tourists mainly come for spiritual purposes, worship Buddha, visit and learn about architecture, and visit during the day, and there are very few visitors staying overnight. According to statistics from the Keo Pagoda relic management board, the average spending of domestic visitors does not exceed 20,000 VND/visitor, of which donations account for about 70%, the rest is spent on souvenir shopping and eating. The very modest spending of tourists is also a negative situation for tourism development in Thai Binh.

The phenomenon of soliciting tourists to buy goods often occurs during the festival season. The products sold by vendors at the relic site are often products originating from China, poor quality goods but pushed up to quite high prices. This phenomenon occurs because Thai Binh souvenirs do not have their own unique features and do not have a brand, they have to be imported from different sources, causing boredom and mass production of souvenir products. Along with that, beggars still operate very freely and crowdedly at the relic sites that the management staff has not yet managed. Many beggars also chase tourists to beg for anything, causing discomfort to tourists.

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• Qos Assurance Methods for Multimedia Communications zt2i3t4l5ee zt2a3gs zt2a3ge zc2o3n4t5e6n7ts low. The EF PHB requires a sufficiently large number of output ports to provide low delay, low loss, and low jitter. EF PHBs can be implemented if the output port's bandwidth is sufficiently large, combined with small buffer sizes and other network resources dedicated to EF packets, to allow the router's service rate for EF packets on an output port to exceed the arrival rate λ of packets at that port. This means that packets with PHB EF are considered with a pre-allocated amount of output bandwidth and a priority that ensures minimum loss, minimum delay and minimum jitter before being put into operation. PHB EF is suitable for channel simulation, leased line simulation, and real-time services such as voice, video without compromising on high loss, delay and jitter values. Figure 2.10 Example of EF installation Figure 2.10 shows an example of an EF PHB implementation. This is a simple priority queue scheduling technique. At the edges of the DS domain, EF packet traffic is prioritized according to the values ​​agreed upon by the SLA. The EF queue in the figure needs to output packets at a rate higher than the packet arrival rate λ. To provide an EF PHB over an end-to-end DS domain, bandwidth at the output ports of the core routers needs to be allocated in advance to ensure the requirement μ > λ. This can be done by a pre-configured provisioning process. In the figure, EF packets are placed in the priority queue (the upper queue). With such a length, the queue can operate with μ > λ. Since EF was primarily used for real-time services such as voice and video, and since real-time services use UDP instead of TCP, RED is generally not suitable for EF queues because applications using UDP will not respond to random packet drop and RED will strip unnecessary packets. 2.2.4.2 Assured Forwarding (AF) PHB PHB AF is defined by RFC 2597. The purpose of PHB AF is to deliver packets reliably and therefore delay and jitter are considered less important than packet loss. PHB AF is suitable for non-real-time services such as applications using TCP. PHB AF first defines four classes: AF1, AF2, AF3, AF4. For each of these AF classes, packets are then classified into three subclasses with three distinct priority levels. Table 2.8 shows the four AF classes and 12 AF subclasses and the DSCP values ​​for the 12 AF subclasses defined by RFC 2597. RFC 2597 also allows for more than three separate priority levels to be added for internal use. However, these separate priority levels will only have internal significance. PHB Class PHB Subclass Package type DSCP AF4 AF41 Short 100010 AF42 Medium 100100 AF43 High 100110 AF3 AF31 Short 011010 AF32 Medium 011100 AF33 High 011110 AF2 AF21 Short 010010 AF22 Medium 010100 AF23 High 010110 AF1 AF11 Short 001010 AF12 Medium 001100 AF13 High 001110 Table 2.8 AF DSCPs The AF PHB ensures that packets are forwarded with a high probability of delivery to the destination within the bounds of the rate agreed upon in an SLA. If AF traffic at an ingress port exceeds the pre-priority rate, which is considered non-compliant or “out of profile”, the excess packets will not be delivered to the destination with the same probability as the packets belonging to the defined traffic or “in profile” packets. When there is network congestion, the out of profile packets are dropped before the in profile packets are dropped. When service levels are defined using AF classes, different quantity and quality between AF classes can be realized by allocating different amounts of bandwidth and buffer space to the four AF classes. Unlike EF, most AF traffic is non-real-time traffic using TCP, and the RED queue management strategy is an AQM (Adaptive Queue Management) strategy suitable for use in AF PHBs. The four AF PHB layers can be implemented as four separate queues. The output port bandwidth is divided into four AF queues. For each AF queue, packets are marked with three “colors” corresponding to three separate priority levels. In addition to the 32 DSCP 1 groups defined in Table 2.8, 21 DSCPs have been standardized as follows: one for PHB EF, 12 for PHB AF, and 8 for CSCP. There are 11 DSCP 1 groups still available for other standards. 2.2.5.Example of Differentiated Services We will look at an example of the Differentiated Service model and mechanism of operation. The architecture of Differentiated Service consists of two basic sets of functions: Edge functions: include packet classification and traffic conditioning. At the inbound edge of the network, incoming packets are marked. In particular, the DS field in the packet header is set to a certain value. For example, in Figure 2.12, packets sent from H1 to H3 are marked at R1, while packets from H2 to H4 are marked at R2. The labels on the received packets identify the service class to which they belong. Different traffic classes receive different services in the core network. The RFC definition uses the term behavior aggregate rather than the term traffic class. After being marked, a packet can be forwarded immediately into the network, delayed for a period of time before being forwarded, or dropped. We will see that there are many factors that affect how a packet is marked, and whether it is forwarded immediately, delayed, or dropped. Figure 2.12 DiffServ Example Core functionality: When a DS-marked packet arrives at a Diffservcapable router, the packet is forwarded to the next router based on Per-hop behavior is associated with packet classes. Per-hop behavior affects router buffers and the bandwidth shared between competing classes. An important principle of the Differentiated Service architecture is that a router's per-hop behavior is based only on the packet's marking or the class to which it belongs. Therefore, if packets sent from H1 to H3 as shown in the figure receive the same marking as packets from H2 to H4, then the network routers treat the packets exactly the same, regardless of whether the packet originated from H1 or H2. For example, R3 does not distinguish between packets from h1 and H2 when forwarding packets to R4. Therefore, the Differentiated Service architecture avoids the need to maintain router state about separate source-destination pairs, which is important for network scalability. Chapter Conclusion Chapter 2 has presented and clarified two main models of deploying and installing quality of service in IP networks. While the traditional best-effort model has many disadvantages, later models such as IntServ and DiffServ have partly solved the problems that best-effort could not solve. IntServ follows the direction of ensuring quality of service for each separate flow, it is built similar to the circuit switching model with the use of the RSVP resource reservation protocol. IntSer is suitable for services that require fixed bandwidth that is not shared such as VoIP services, multicast TV services. However, IntSer has disadvantages such as using a lot of network resources, low scalability and lack of flexibility. DiffServ was born with the idea of ​​solving the disadvantages of the IntServ model. DiffServ follows the direction of ensuring quality based on the principle of hop-by-hop behavior based on the priority of marked packets. The policy for different types of traffic is decided by the administrator and can be changed according to reality, so it is very flexible. DiffServ makes better use of network resources, avoiding idle bandwidth and processing capacity on routers. In addition, the DifServ model can be deployed on many independent domains, so the ability to expand the network becomes easy. Chapter 3: METHODS TO ENSURE QoS FOR MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATIONS In packet-switched networks, different packet flows often have to share the transmission medium all the way to the destination station. To ensure the fair and efficient allocation of bandwidth to flows, appropriate serving mechanisms are required at network nodes, especially at gateways or routers, where many different data flows often pass through. The scheduler is responsible for serving packets of the selected flow and deciding which packet will be served next. Here, a flow is understood as a set of packets belonging to the same priority class, or originating from the same source, or having the same source and destination addresses, etc. In normal state when there is no congestion, packets will be sent as soon as they are delivered. In case of congestion, if QoS assurance methods are not applied, prolonged congestion can cause packet drops, affecting service quality. In some cases, congestion is prolonged and widespread in the network, which can easily lead to the network being "frozen", or many packets being dropped, seriously affecting service quality. Therefore, in this chapter, in sections 3.2 and 3.3, we introduce some typical network traffic load monitoring techniques to predict and prevent congestion before it occurs through the measure of dropping (removing) packets early when there are signs of impending congestion. 3.1. DropTail method DropTail is a simple, traditional queue management method based on FIFO mechanism. All incoming packets are placed in the queue, when the queue is full, the later packets are dropped. Due to its simplicity and ease of implementation, DropTail has been used for many years on Internet router systems. However, this algorithm has the following disadvantages: − Cannot avoid the phenomenon of “Lock out”: Occurs when 1 or several traffic streams monopolize the queue, making packets of other connections unable to pass through the router. This phenomenon greatly affects reliable transmission protocols such as TCP. According to the anti-congestion algorithm, when locked out, the TCP connection stream will reduce the window size and reduce the packet transmission speed exponentially. − Can cause Global Synchronization: This is the result of a severe “Lock out” phenomenon. Some neighboring routers have their queues monopolized by a number of connections, causing a series of other TCP connections to be unable to pass through and simultaneously reducing the transmission speed. After those monopolized connections are temporarily suspended, Once the queue is cleared, it takes a considerable amount of time for TCP connections to return to their original speed. − Full Queue phenomenon: Data transmitted on the Internet often has an explosion, packets arriving at the router are often in clusters rather than in turn. Therefore, the operating mechanism of DropTail makes the queue easily full for a long period of time, leading to the average delay time of large packets. To avoid this phenomenon, with DropTail, the only way is to increase the router's buffer, this method is very expensive and ineffective. − No QoS guarantee: With the DropTail mechanism, there is no way to prioritize important packets to be transmitted through the router earlier when all are in the queue. Meanwhile, with multimedia communication, ensuring connection and stable speed is extremely important and the DropTail algorithm cannot satisfy. The problem of choosing the buffer size of the routers in the network is to “absorb” short bursts of traffic without causing too much queuing delay. This is necessary in bursty data transmission. The queue size determines the size of the packet bursts (traffic spikes) that we want to be able to transmit without being dropped at the routers. In IP-based application networks, packet dropping is an important mechanism for indirectly reporting congestion to end stations. A solution that prevents router queues from filling up while reducing the packet drop rate is called dynamic queue management. 3.2. Random elimination method – RED 3.2.1 Overview RED (Random Early Detection of congestion; Random Early Drop) is one of the first AQM algorithms proposed in 1993 by Sally Floyd and Van Jacobson, two scientists at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory of the University of California, USA. Due to its outstanding advantages compared to previous queue management algorithms, RED has been widely installed and deployed on the Internet. The most fundamental point of their work is that the most effective place to detect congestion and react to it is at the gateway or router. Source entities (senders) can also do this by estimating end-to-end delay, throughput variability, or the rate of packet retransmissions due to drop. However, the sender and receiver view of a particular connection cannot tell which gateways on the network are congested, and cannot distinguish between propagation delay and queuing delay. Only the gateway has a true view of the state of the queue, the link share of the connections passing through it at any given time, and the quality of service requirements of the traffic flows. The RED gateway monitors the average queue length, which detects early signs of impending congestion (average queue length exceeding a predetermined threshold) and reacts appropriately in one of two ways: − Drop incoming packets with a certain probability, to indirectly inform the source of congestion, the source needs to reduce the transmission rate to keep the queue from filling up, maintaining the ability to absorb incoming traffic spikes. − Mark “congestion” with a certain probability in the ECN field in the header of TCP packets to notify the source (the receiving entity will copy this bit into the acknowledgement packet). Figure 3. 1 RED algorithm The main goal of RED is to avoid congestion by keeping the average queue size within a sufficiently small and stable region, which also means keeping the queuing delay sufficiently small and stable. Achieving this goal also helps: avoid global synchronization, not resist bursty traffic flows (i.e. flows with low average throughput but high volatility), and maintain an upper bound on the average queue size even in the absence of cooperation from transport layer protocols. To achieve the above goals, RED gateways must do the following: − The first is to detect congestion early and react appropriately to keep the average queue size small enough to keep the network operating in the low latency, high throughput region, while still allowing the queue size to fluctuate within a certain range to absorb short-term fluctuations. As discussed above, the gateway is the most appropriate place to detect congestion and is also the most appropriate place to decide which specific connection to report congestion to. − The second thing is to notify the source of congestion. This is done by marking and notifying the source to reduce traffic. Normally the RED gateway will randomly drop packets. However, if congestion If congestion is detected before the queue is full, it should be combined with packet marking to signal congestion. The RED gateway has two options: drop or mark; where marking is done by marking the ECN field of the packet with a certain probability, to signal the source to reduce the traffic entering the network. − An important goal that RED gateways need to achieve is to avoid global synchronization and not to resist traffic flows that have a sudden characteristic. Global synchronization occurs when all connections simultaneously reduce their transmission window size, leading to a severe drop in throughput at the same time. On the other hand, Drop Tail or Random Drop strategies are very sensitive to sudden flows; that is, the gateway queue will often overflow when packets from these flows arrive. To avoid these two phenomena, gateways can use special algorithms to detect congestion and decide which connections will be notified of congestion at the gateway. The RED gateway randomly selects incoming packets to mark; with this method, the probability of marking a packet from a particular connection is proportional to the connection's shared bandwidth at the gateway. − Another goal is to control the average queue size even without cooperation from the source entities. This can be done by dropping packets when the average size exceeds an upper threshold (instead of marking it). This approach is necessary in cases where most connections have transmission times that are less than the round-trip time, or where the source entities are not able to reduce traffic in response to marking or dropping packets (such as UDP flows). 3.2.2 Algorithm This section describes the algorithm for RED gateways. RED gateways calculate the average queue size using a low-pass filter. This average queue size is compared with two thresholds: minth and maxth. When the average queue size is less than the lower threshold, no incoming packets are marked or dropped; when the average queue size is greater than the upper threshold, all incoming packets are dropped. When the average queue size is between minth and maxth, each incoming packet is marked or dropped with a probability pa, where pa is a function of the average queue size avg; the probability of marking or dropping a packet for a particular connection is proportional to the bandwidth share of that connection at the gateway. The general algorithm for a RED gateway is described as follows: [5] For each packet arrival Caculate the average queue size avg If minth ≤ avg < maxth div.maincontent .s1 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 15pt; } div.maincontent .s2 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 15pt; } div.maincontent .p { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; margin:0pt; } div.maincontent p { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; margin:0pt; } div.maincontent .s3 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s4 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s5 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s6 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s7 { color: black; font-family:Wingdings; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s8 { color: black; font-family:Arial, sans-serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 15pt; } div.maincontent .s9 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s10 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: 6pt; } div.maincontent .s11 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 13pt; } div.maincontent .s12 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 10pt; } div.maincontent .s13 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-d
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The image of vendors soliciting customers negatively affects the image of Thai Binh tourism, causing confusion and discomfort for tourists.

During my visit to the three typical architectural and artistic sites of Thai Binh, I witnessed with my own eyes the actions of the vendors soliciting tourists. As soon as tourists got off the bus, a group of people started offering parking services, drinks or incense for worship. This situation continued throughout the entire journey from the gate to the relic site and tourists were offered all kinds of services such as: buying flowers, buying specialties, buying souvenirs, even asking for fortune telling, spiritual things were also offered, causing discomfort to tourists.

There are still many existing problems in the architectural and artistic relic site that affect the relic site and need to be remedied.

CHAPTER 2 SUMMARY

Chapter 2 is the current status of tourism development of Thai Binh architectural art tourist destination that I have drawn after conducting field surveys. These current statuses mostly have negative impacts on the development of Thai Binh tourism such as: poor infrastructure, poor awareness of visitors, loose management of relic sites, lack of research on architectural restoration... These current statuses are still happening and there is no positive solution.

Previously, I presented the three most typical and unique architectural and artistic relics of Thai Binh. These are the three largest relics with the most development potential in Thai Binh. For each relic, I provided some information about the history, structure, architectural values, and cultural values ​​of the relic to highlight the potential for developing architectural and artistic tourism in Thai Binh. Through that, we can see that Thai Binh needs to have the right direction to exploit those human resources to develop tourism.

In particular, the current state of indifference to folk art forms of the people is at an alarming level because to preserve and conserve traditional values, there needs to be proper investment and attention from all levels of government. All levels of government must have measures to continue to maintain the activities of art forms with Thai Binh characteristics and bring those artistic characteristics to serve the development of Thai Binh tourism.

Chapter 3

ADVANTAGES AND DIFFICULTIES IN TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THAI BINH AND SOLUTIONS TO OVERCOME THEM

3.1 Advantages and disadvantages in the development of tourism in Thai Binh

3.1.1. Advantages

Compared to the provinces in the Northern Delta, Thai Binh has a small natural land area but a relatively high density of historical and cultural relics (Thai Binh has an area of ​​over 1,500 square kilometers and has over 2,200 relics). Thai Binh is also a rich and diverse folk culture region, with traditional festivals that have existed and are still in Thai Binh considered typical in terms of quantity and diversity in types with hundreds of festivals preserved: Keo Pagoda Festival, Tien La Temple Festival, Tran Temple Festival, Hoi Village Mat Festival, Dong Xam Temple Festival... This is a valuable resource for developing Thai Binh cultural tourism.

Traditional arts in Thai Binh are also very rich in types. Thai Binh is considered the homeland of Cheo and water puppetry. These two art forms are strengths, popular activities in the spiritual life of Thai Binh village communities. Besides, Ca Tru and Chau Van are also art forms that are strongly developed in Thai Binh. Therefore, it has been improved and professionalized. The mass singing and performing movement is quite vibrant, it seems to penetrate deeply into the subconscious, into the cultural habits of the people.

In addition to the above mentioned forms, folk songs and folk dances in Thai Binh also have many unique features, especially booming during the festival season. The dances usually recreate daily life activities or customs such as dragon dance, boat rowing dance, calligraphy dance... These are all cultural beauties and invaluable cultural resources that Thai Binh is preserving to serve the spiritual life of local people and also bring out to serve the needs of the local people.

services for tourists from all over the world every festival season. Besides, Thai Binh also has hundreds of traditional craft villages that have existed for a long time, contributing to the diversity of cultural identity in Thai Binh culture. That is also an extremely valuable human resource and has the potential to develop tourism in Thai Binh.

In addition to human resources, Thai Binh sea tourism also has many advantages for tourism development such as: diverse and rich ecosystem, long coastline, beautiful landscape, infrastructure that has been and is being completed... These are advantages to combine many types of tourism at the same time to develop Thai Binh tourism.

Thai Binh authorities have recognized the potential of Thai Binh's historical and cultural relics, so there have been many policies to further exploit and promote them.

According to Mr. Nguyen Phuc Dien, Deputy Director of the Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism of Thai Binh, Thai Binh is promoting the development of spiritual tourism and craft village tourism. This is a strength of the province that continues to receive attention. In addition, Thai Binh also pays attention to completing traffic infrastructure, craft village spaces, parking lots, public works, product introduction centers, etc. to create favorable conditions for people to both produce and promote tourism products.

The agencies also have proposals for the Central and local governments to have specific investment policies, focusing on planning craft villages, and based on that, calling for investment from businesses. For some craft villages with strengths, the province creates conditions for developing community tourism programs.

Currently, Thai Binh is proposing and receiving support from the General Department of Tourism to develop community tourism in Dong Xam silver carving village. In addition, Thai Binh is actively preparing for annual tourism activities such as

Tran Temple Festival, Keo Pagoda, Tien La Temple... are big festivals that can make a big impact on promoting Thai Binh tourism.

In fact, Thai Binh is quite diverse in terms of tourism types and this place is also associated with many important historical periods of the country, so Thai Binh also has many important cultural and historical values. Therefore, the direction of developing cultural tourism, or specifically according to the research topic, architectural and artistic relic tourism is a development direction with the most potential.

3.1.2. Difficulties and challenges

Despite its great potential, architectural tourism here has not yet had any highlights and left an impression on visitors. Tourism development is still very slow, not commensurate with its inherent potential due to many limitations as follows:

Firstly, Thai Binh has many architectural and artistic relics, the most famous of which are Keo Pagoda, Tran Temple, Tien La Temple... which are quite familiar tourist destinations. However, these clusters of architectural relics are concentrated but not connected (tours are not really well built). The planning or construction of reasonable programs for these tourist destinations has not been focused on. For example, the tombs and shrines of the Tran kings are scattered throughout Hung Ha district. When tourists come to visit, they have to travel to quite far away places and do not have the guidance of tour guides or management staff. Because these are relics with a long history, it is impossible to plan or move them but must keep the current status of the architectural relics.

The second limitation is about tourism services here. Like the problem of all other localities exploiting architectural and artistic relic tourism, how to create unique tourism products that every time mentioned, tourists remember that locality. Tourism products at relic tourist destinations

The art and architecture in Thai Binh is extremely poor. When I surveyed famous tourist attractions, I noticed that most of them sell the same items such as: fish cakes, green rice flakes, peanut candy... or some types of souvenirs such as bracelets, key chains... things that can be bought anywhere, not just at Thai Binh tourist attractions. The poverty of tourism products makes tourists not interested in buying and selling. When tourists do not pay for tourism products, the source of profit cannot grow.

The third limitation is that the quality of services at architectural and artistic relic tourist attractions in Thai Binh is still very limited. Thai Binh does not have large hotels but mainly budget motels with reasonable prices (ranging from 150,000-200,000/night). The hotels are also far apart, not concentrated and often located on main roads, far from tourist attractions. For those who want to stay overnight, it is very difficult to find a satisfactory hotel. In addition, food services are also clearly limited and similar to hotels. Restaurants are quite far away and are mostly small and medium-sized. This makes it difficult for large tour groups to find restaurants with large capacity.

The next limitation is human resources. As mentioned in the first limitation, when visiting architectural and artistic relics in Thai Binh, it is difficult to find a guide to introduce the tourist site and even none (like at Tien La Temple, Tran Temple, etc.). If there are tour guides, they are inexperienced people who do not have a deep understanding of the relic site. When taking tourists around, the tour guides introduce them in a very methodical and formulaic way. Therefore, it is very boring for tourists. There are also tourist attractions that use local people as their main human resources to guide visitors, but the number is not much and those guides are often elderly people, they do two jobs at the same time.

At the same time, he is both a caretaker of the relic site and a tour guide. Thus, during the peak tourist season, many tourists will certainly not have a tour guide during their visit to that tourist site.

The next limitation is the management of the management board of architectural and artistic relics in Thai Binh. According to actual surveys when visiting tourist attractions in Thai Binh, the management board often cannot control all activities in the relics. The phenomenon of overcharging tourists is not common at the sales counters, but it appears quite often from the side of the calligraphers and fortune tellers. They are arranged in a separate area, dressed properly according to regulations, but every time a curious tourist comes to ask for fortune telling or to ask for calligraphy, the calligraphers and fortune tellers will give a ready price and bargain with the tourist (the common price is 200,000 VND/turn). Although bargaining when buying and selling is unusual for tourists, but for spiritual activities, when it comes to "bargaining", it brings a very uncomfortable feeling and tarnishes the image of tourism in spiritual places.

Some management boards also fail to control the activities of tourists when entering tourist areas, typically the burning of incense, paper money, and other votive offerings. When asked about this, many management boards responded indifferently, such as: "People have money, so they burn it" or "it's useless to ban it", while around the area, there is not a single sign or warning sign about the restriction of burning incense, paper money, or votive offerings... This situation leads to the fact that, during peak season, at spiritual tourist sites such as temples, pagodas, shrines, etc., incense smoke billows, and many tourists cannot stand it and have to leave mid-way through their worship. This is a common situation not only in architectural and artistic relic tourist areas in Thai Binh but also in all localities developing cultural and spiritual tourism. Burning too much votive offerings, incense, paper money, etc. is not only costly but also pollutes the environment.