32. Ph. Engels (1972), The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State, Truth Publishing House, Hanoi.
33. Pham Quan Hoan, Phung Dinh Quy (1999), Traditional culture of Dao people in Ha Giang, National Culture Publishing House, Hanoi.
34. Pham Quang Hoan (1985), Some thoughts on family classification methods, Journal of Ethnology, No. 2.
35. Pham Quang Hoan (1988), Family, nature, structure, type, Journal of Ethnology, No. 1,2.
36. Pham Quang Hoan (1998), Some birth and child-rearing customs of the Dao people in Ha Giang , Journal of Women's Science No. 3, pp. 18-24
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Dao Tan's Tuong Play Script - Some Content and Artistic Issues - 31 -
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Identify Rating Levels and Rating Scales
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of the islanders. Therefore, this indicator will be divided into two sub-indicators:
a1. Natural tourism attractiveness a2. Cultural tourism attractiveness
b. Tourist capacity
The two island communes in Quan Lan have different capacities to receive tourists. Minh Chau Commune is home to many standard hotels and resorts, attracting high-income domestic and international tourists. Meanwhile, Quan Lan Commune has many motels mainly built and operated by local people, so the scale and quality are not high, and will be suitable for ordinary tourists such as students.
c. Time of exploitation of Quan Lan Island Commune:
Quan Lan tourism is seasonal due to weather and climate conditions and festivals only take place on certain days of the year, specifically in spring. In Quan Lan commune, the period from April to June and from September to November is considered the best time to visit Quan Lan because the cultural tourism activities are mainly associated with festivals taking place during this time.
Minh Chau island commune:
Tourism exploitation time is all year round, because this is a place with a number of tourist attractions with diverse ecosystems such as Bai Tu Long National Park Research Center, Tram forest, Turtle Laying Beach, so besides coming to the beach for tourism and vacation in the summer, Minh Chau will attract research groups to come for tourism combined with research at other times of the year.
d. Sustainability
The sustainability of ecotourism sites in Quan Lan and Minh Chau communes depends on the sensitivity of the ecosystems to climate changes.
landscape. In general, these tourist destinations have a fairly high level of sustainability, because they are natural ecosystems, planned and protected. However, if a large number of tourists gather at certain times, it can exceed the carrying capacity and affect the sustainability of the environment (polluted beaches, damaged trees, animals moving away from their habitats, etc.), then the sustainability of the above ecosystems (natural ecosystems, human ecosystems) will also be affected and become less sustainable.
e. Location and accessibility
Both island communes have ports to take tourists to visit from Van Don wharf:
- Quan Lan – Van Don traffic route:
Phuc Thinh – Viet Anh high-speed boat and Quang Minh high-speed boat, depart at 8am and 2pm from Van Don to Quan Lan, and at 7am and 1pm from Quan Lan to Van Don. There are also wooden boats departing at 7am and 1pm.
- Van Don - Minh Chau traffic route:
Chung Huong high-speed train, Minh Chau train, morning 7:30 and afternoon 13:30 from Van Don to Minh Chau, morning 6:30 and afternoon 13:00 from Minh Chau to Van Don.
f. Infrastructure
Despite receiving investment attention, the issue of infrastructure and technical facilities for tourism on Quan Lan Island is still an issue that needs to be resolved because it has a direct impact on the implementation of ecotourism activities. The minimum conditions for serving tourists such as accommodation, electricity, water, communication, especially medical services, and security work need to be given top priority. Ecotourism spots in Minh Chau commune are assessed to have better infrastructure and technical facilities for tourism because there are quite complete and synchronous conditions for serving tourists, meeting many needs of domestic and foreign tourists.
3.2.1.4. Determine assessment levels and assessment scales
Corresponding to the levels of each criterion, the index is the score of those levels in the order of 4, 3, 2, 1 decreasing according to the standard of each level: very attractive (4), attractive (3), average (2), less attractive (1).
3.2.1.5. Determining the coefficients of the criteria
For the assessment of DLST in the two communes of Quan Lan and Minh Chau islands, the students added evaluation coefficients to show the importance of the criteria and indicators as follows:
Coefficient 3 with criteria: Attractiveness, Exploitation time. These are the 2 most important criteria for attracting tourists to tourism in general and eco-tourism in particular, so they have the highest coefficient.
Coefficient 2 with criteria: Capacity, Infrastructure, Location and accessibility . Because the assessment area is an island commune of Van Don district, the above criteria are selected by the author with appropriate coefficients at the average level.
Coefficient 1 with criteria: Sustainability. Quan Lan has natural and human-made ecotourism sites, with high biodiversity and little impact from local human factors. Most of the ecotourism sites are still wild, so they are highly sustainable.
3.2.1.6. Results of DLST assessment on Quan Lan island
a. Assessment of the potential for natural tourism development
For Minh Chau commune:
+ Natural tourism attractiveness is determined to be very attractive (4 points) and the most important coefficient (coefficient 3), so the score of the Attractiveness criterion is 4 x 3 = 12.
+ Capacity is determined as average (2 points) and the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of Capacity criterion is 2 x 2 = 4.
+ Exploitation time is long (4 points), the most important coefficient (coefficient 3) so the score of the Exploitation time criterion is 4 x 3 = 12.
+ Sustainability is determined as sustainable (4 points), the important coefficient is the average coefficient (coefficient 1), so the score of the Sustainability criterion is 4 x 1 = 4 points
+ Location and accessibility are determined to be quite favorable (2 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), the criterion score is 2 x 2 = 4 points.
+ Infrastructure is assessed as good (3 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of the Infrastructure criterion is 3 x 2 = 6 points.
The total score for evaluating DLST in Minh Chau commune according to 6 evaluation criteria is determined as: 12 + 4 + 12 + 4 + 4 + 6 = 42 points
Similar assessment for Quan Lan commune, we have the following table:
Table 3.3: Assessment of the potential for natural ecotourism development in Quan Lan and Minh Chau communes
Attractiveness of self-tourismof course
Capacity
Mining time
Sustainability
Location and accessibility
Infrastructure
Result
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
CommuneMinh Chau
12
12
4
8
12
12
4
4
4
8
6
8
42/52
Quan CommuneLan
6
12
6
8
9
12
4
4
4
8
4
8
33/52
b. Assessment of the potential for humanistic tourism development
For Quan Lan commune:
+ The attractiveness of human tourism is determined to be very attractive (4 points) and the most important coefficient (coefficient 3), so the score of the Attractiveness criterion is 4 x 3 = 12.
+ Capacity is determined to be large (3 points) and the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of the Capacity criterion is 3 x 2 = 6.
+ Mining time is average (3 points), the most important coefficient (coefficient 3) so the score of the Mining time criterion is 3 x 3 = 9.
+ Sustainability is determined as sustainable (4 points), the important coefficient is the average coefficient (coefficient 1), so the score of the Sustainability criterion is 4 x 1 = 4 points.
+ Location and accessibility are determined to be quite favorable (2 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), the criterion score is 2 x 2 = 4 points.
+ Infrastructure is rated as average (2 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of the Infrastructure criterion is 2 x 2 = 4 points.
The total score for evaluating DLST in Quan Lan commune according to 6 evaluation criteria is determined as: 12 + 6 + 6 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 36 points.
Similar assessment with Minh Chau commune we have the following table:
Table 3.4: Assessment of the potential for developing humanistic eco-tourism in Quan Lan and Minh Chau communes
Attractiveness of human tourismliterature
Capacity
Mining time
Sustainability
Location and accessibility
Infrastructure
Result
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Quan CommuneLan
12
12
6
8
9
12
4
4
4
8
4
8
39/52
Minh CommuneChau
6
12
4
8
12
12
4
4
4
8
6
8
36/52
Basically, both Minh Chau and Quan Lan localities have quite favorable conditions for developing ecotourism. However, Quan Lan commune has more advantages to develop ecotourism in a humanistic direction, because this is an area with many famous historical relics such as Quan Lan Communal House, Quan Lan Pagoda, Temple worshiping the hero Tran Khanh Du, ... along with local festivals held annually such as the wind praying ceremony (March 15), Quan Lan festival (June 10-19); due to its location near the port and long exploitation time, the beaches in Quan Lan commune (especially Quan Lan beach) are no longer hygienic and clean to ensure the needs of tourists coming to relax and swim; this is also an area with many beautiful landscapes such as Got Beo wind pass, Ong Phong head, Voi Voi cave, but the ability to access these places is still very limited (dirt hill road, lots of gravel and rocks), especially during rainy and windy times; In addition, other natural resources such as mangrove forests and sea worms have not been really exploited for tourism purposes and ecotourism development. On the contrary, Minh Chau commune has more advantages in developing ecotourism in the direction of natural tourism, this is an area with diverse ecosystems such as at Rua De Beach, Bai Tu Long National Park Conservation Center...; Minh Chau beach is highly appreciated for its natural beauty and cleanliness, ranked in the top ten most beautiful beaches in Vietnam; Minh Chau commune is also home to Tram forest with a large area and a purity of up to 90%, suitable for building bridges through the forest (a very effective type of natural ecotourism currently applied by many countries) for tourists to sightsee, as well as for the purpose of studying and researching.
Figure 3.1: Thenmala Forest Bridge (India) Source: https://www.thenmalaecotourism.com/(August 21, 2019)
3.2.2. Using SWOT matrix to evaluate Quan Lan island tourism
General assessment of current tourism activities of Quan Lan island is shown through the following SWOT matrix:
Table 3.5: SWOT matrix evaluating tourism activities on Quan Lan island
Internal agent
Strengths- There is a lot of potential for tourism development, especially natural ecotourism and humanistic ecotourism.- The unskilled labor force is relatively abundant.- resource environmentunpolluted, still
Weaknesses- Poorly developed infrastructure, especially traffic routes to tourist destinations on the island.- The team of professional staff is still weak.- Tourism products in general
quite wild, originalintact
general and DLST in particularalone is monotonous.
External agents
Opportunity- Tourism is a key industry in the socio-economic development strategy of the province and Van Don economic zone.- Quan Lan was selected as a pilot area for eco-tourism development within the framework of the green growth project between Quang Ninh province and the Japanese organization JICA.- The flow of tourists and especially ecotourism in the world tends toincreasing
Challenge- Weather and climate change abnormally.- Competition in tourism products is increasingly fierce, especially with other localities in the province such as Ha Long, Mong Cai...- Awareness of tourists, especially domestic tourists, about ecotourism and nature conservation is not high.
Through summary analysis using SWOT matrix we see that:
To exploit strengths and take advantage of opportunities, it is necessary to:
- Diversify products and service types (build more tourism routes aimed at specific needs of tourists: experiential tourism immersed in nature, spiritual cultural tourism...)
- Effective exploitation of resources and differentiated products (natural resources and human resources)
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37. Pham Quang Hoan, Ly Hanh Son, Tran Thu Hieu (2008), The White Pants Dao People in Vietnam (Institute-level project - Institute of Ethnology), Hanoi.
38. Phan Huu Dat (1998), Some issues on Vietnamese ethnology , VNU Publishing House, Hanoi.
39. Robert Lowie (2008), Primitive cultural space (from a functionalist perspective), Tri Thuc Publishing House, Hanoi.
40. Tran Dinh Huou (1990), Understanding traditional families - innovation, not restoration, Journal of Sociology, No. 3.
41. Tran Tri Doi (1999), Research on languages of ethnic minorities in Vietnam , Hanoi National University Publishing House, Hanoi.
42. Trinh Duy Luan (2011), Rural families in the Northern Delta in transition. Social Sciences Publishing House, Hanoi.
43. National Center for Social Sciences and Humanities (1998), Socio-cultural development of the Dao people: Present and future (Conference proceedings), Hanoi.
44. Center for Lexicography (2007), Vietnamese Dictionary . Da Nang Publishing House.
45. Tuong Lai (1996), Sociological studies on Vietnamese families. Social Sciences Publishing House, Hanoi.
46. Tuong Lai (1998), Family issues in social change and development, Journal of Sociology, No. 3.
47. Institute of Ethnology (1978), Ethnic minorities in Vietnam (Northern provinces) , Social Sciences Publishing House, Hanoi.
48. Institute of Ethnology (1983), Handbook on ethnic groups in Vietnam , Social Sciences Publishing House, Hanoi.
49. Institute of Ethnology (1987), Some socio-economic issues of the northern mountainous provinces . Social Sciences Publishing House, Hanoi.
50. Institute of Ethnology (1993), Socio-economic changes in the Northern mountainous provinces. Social Sciences Publishing House, Hanoi.
APPENDIX
STUDY AREA

MAP OF YEN BAI PROVINCE
HANOI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES
FAMILY CHANGE INFORMATION COLLECTION FORM
(Part used for period before 1986) Topic
TRANSFORMATION OF THE FAMILY OF THE WHITE PANTS DAO PEOPLE IN TAN HUONG COMMUNE, YEN BINH DISTRICT, YEN BAI PROVINCE
Village: ………………………………………………………. Commune: ………………………………………………………. Dear Mr./Ms.:
In order to contribute to the understanding of the changes in Vietnamese society, we conducted a study on some aspects of the Dao Quan Trang family in Tan Huong, Yen Binh district, Yen Bai province. We respectfully invite you to contribute some opinions on the above issue by answering the questions in this questionnaire.
Thank you very much for your cooperation.
Name of investigator……………………………………………………… Date of interview……………………………………………………………. Name of supervisor…………………………………………………….. Question 1. Please tell me, how old were you in 1985?
…………………………………………………………………………..
Question 2. Were you married at that time?
1. Unmarried 2. Married
Question 3. How many people were there in your family at that time?
1. There is one person 2. There are two people 3. There are three people
4. There are four people 5, There are five people 6. There are six people
7. There are seven or more people
Question 3. How many men and how many women are there?
1. Number of males……………. 2. Number of females………
Question 4. How many generations were there in your family at that time?
1. One generation 2. Two generations 3. Three generations 4. Four generations
Question 5. Who was the head of household in your household at that time?
1. Respondent 2. Husband's father 3. Husband's mother 4. Grandfather 4. Grandmother
5. Other (leakage)
Question 5. At that time, which age groups did your family members belong to?
1. From 1-14 there are….people 2. From 15-29 there are….people
3. From 30-44 there are….people 4. From 45-59 there are….people
5. From 60 years old and up, there are….people
Question 6. In terms of education, which of the following types do your family members belong to?
1. Illiterate………people 2. Primary school………people
3. Level 2………people 4. Level 3………people
5. University, college………people 6. Postgraduate………people
Question 7. Which type of family does your household belong to? (choose only one)
1. Single
2. Only husband and wife
3. Husband and wife + parents
4. Husband and wife + parents + siblings
5. Husband and wife + parents + siblings + others (aunts, uncles)
6. Husband and wife + children
7. Husband and wife + children + parents
8. Husband and wife + children + parents + siblings
9. Husband and wife + children + parents + siblings + others (adopted children)
10. Wife (husband) + children
11. Wife (husband) + children + parents
12. Wife (husband) + children + parents + siblings
13. Wife (husband) + children + parents + siblings + others
14. Grandparents + grandchildren
15. Other (leakage)
Question 8. Was there anyone in your household who often lived away from home at that time?
1. Yes 2. No
Question 9. If so, who is it?
1. Father 2. Mother 3. Child
4. Mr. 5. Mrs. 6. Other….
Question 10. If so, what does that person do?
1. Join the army 2. Become a civil servant 3. Become a worker
3. Going to school 4. Working far away 5. Other…. 119
Question 11. At that time, if you/your grandparents already had your own family, how many children did you have? (If you were still living with your parents, skip to the next question)
1. No children 2. One child 3. Two children 4. Three children
5. Four 6. Five 6. Six or more
Question 12. If your grandparents are still living with their parents, how many siblings do they have in their family?
you?
go up
1. Only one 2. Have 2 brothers/sisters 3. Have 3 brothers/sisters
4. Have 4 siblings 5. Have 5 siblings 6. Have 6 or more siblings
Question 13. In your family at that time, between sons and daughters, who
Which is considered more important?
1. Boy 2. Girl 3. Same 4. Hard to say
Question 14. If sons are more important, why?
1. To continue the legacy 2. To stay with you when you are old 3. To make offerings to you when you die
4. Because it has always been like this 5. Other (note the leak)…
Question 15. If girls are more important, why?
1. Girls are more emotional
2. Girls are more obedient and docile
3. Because you don't have to divide your assets when you become an adult
4. Other (write in)……………………………………………………
Question 16. How many children did your family want to have at that time?
1. One child 2. Two children 3. Three children 4. Four children
5. Five children 6. Six or more children
Question 17. Regarding occupation, which of the following types does your family belong to?
1. Agriculture
2. Agriculture + handicraft
3. Agriculture + Craft + Trade
4. Trading
5. No job (retired officer)
6. Non-production (staff, teachers)
7. Other (leakage)
SOME INFORMATION ABOUT THE HOME OWNER
- Gender
1. Male 2. Female
- Education level
1. Illiteracy 2. Primary
3. Junior high school 4. High school
5. University, college
- Job
1. Farming 2. Other work
Finally, thank you.





