The Heir Has the Right to Refuse to Receive the Inheritance, Except in Cases Where the Refusal Is Aimed at Avoiding the Performance of His/Her Financial Obligations to the Heir

1. An heir has the right to refuse to receive an inheritance, except in cases where the refusal is intended to avoid fulfilling his or her property obligations to others.

2. The refusal to receive an inheritance must be made in writing; the person refusing must notify other heirs, the person assigned to divide the inheritance, the notary office or the People's Committee of the commune, ward or town where the inheritance is opened about the refusal to receive the inheritance.

3. The time limit for refusing to receive inheritance is six months from the date of opening the inheritance. After six months from the date of opening the inheritance, if there is no refusal to receive the inheritance, it is considered as an agreement to receive the inheritance.

Or they are people who do not have the right to inherit according to the provisions of Clause 1, Article 643 of the 2005 Civil Code.

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• Qos Assurance Methods for Multimedia Communications zt2i3t4l5ee zt2a3gs zt2a3ge zc2o3n4t5e6n7ts low. The EF PHB requires a sufficiently large number of output ports to provide low delay, low loss, and low jitter. EF PHBs can be implemented if the output port's bandwidth is sufficiently large, combined with small buffer sizes and other network resources dedicated to EF packets, to allow the router's service rate for EF packets on an output port to exceed the arrival rate λ of packets at that port. This means that packets with PHB EF are considered with a pre-allocated amount of output bandwidth and a priority that ensures minimum loss, minimum delay and minimum jitter before being put into operation. PHB EF is suitable for channel simulation, leased line simulation, and real-time services such as voice, video without compromising on high loss, delay and jitter values. Figure 2.10 Example of EF installation Figure 2.10 shows an example of an EF PHB implementation. This is a simple priority queue scheduling technique. At the edges of the DS domain, EF packet traffic is prioritized according to the values ​​agreed upon by the SLA. The EF queue in the figure needs to output packets at a rate higher than the packet arrival rate λ. To provide an EF PHB over an end-to-end DS domain, bandwidth at the output ports of the core routers needs to be allocated in advance to ensure the requirement μ > λ. This can be done by a pre-configured provisioning process. In the figure, EF packets are placed in the priority queue (the upper queue). With such a length, the queue can operate with μ > λ. Since EF was primarily used for real-time services such as voice and video, and since real-time services use UDP instead of TCP, RED is generally not suitable for EF queues because applications using UDP will not respond to random packet drop and RED will strip unnecessary packets. 2.2.4.2 Assured Forwarding (AF) PHB PHB AF is defined by RFC 2597. The purpose of PHB AF is to deliver packets reliably and therefore delay and jitter are considered less important than packet loss. PHB AF is suitable for non-real-time services such as applications using TCP. PHB AF first defines four classes: AF1, AF2, AF3, AF4. For each of these AF classes, packets are then classified into three subclasses with three distinct priority levels. Table 2.8 shows the four AF classes and 12 AF subclasses and the DSCP values ​​for the 12 AF subclasses defined by RFC 2597. RFC 2597 also allows for more than three separate priority levels to be added for internal use. However, these separate priority levels will only have internal significance. PHB Class PHB Subclass Package type DSCP AF4 AF41 Short 100010 AF42 Medium 100100 AF43 High 100110 AF3 AF31 Short 011010 AF32 Medium 011100 AF33 High 011110 AF2 AF21 Short 010010 AF22 Medium 010100 AF23 High 010110 AF1 AF11 Short 001010 AF12 Medium 001100 AF13 High 001110 Table 2.8 AF DSCPs The AF PHB ensures that packets are forwarded with a high probability of delivery to the destination within the bounds of the rate agreed upon in an SLA. If AF traffic at an ingress port exceeds the pre-priority rate, which is considered non-compliant or “out of profile”, the excess packets will not be delivered to the destination with the same probability as the packets belonging to the defined traffic or “in profile” packets. When there is network congestion, the out of profile packets are dropped before the in profile packets are dropped. When service levels are defined using AF classes, different quantity and quality between AF classes can be realized by allocating different amounts of bandwidth and buffer space to the four AF classes. Unlike EF, most AF traffic is non-real-time traffic using TCP, and the RED queue management strategy is an AQM (Adaptive Queue Management) strategy suitable for use in AF PHBs. The four AF PHB layers can be implemented as four separate queues. The output port bandwidth is divided into four AF queues. For each AF queue, packets are marked with three “colors” corresponding to three separate priority levels. In addition to the 32 DSCP 1 groups defined in Table 2.8, 21 DSCPs have been standardized as follows: one for PHB EF, 12 for PHB AF, and 8 for CSCP. There are 11 DSCP 1 groups still available for other standards. 2.2.5.Example of Differentiated Services We will look at an example of the Differentiated Service model and mechanism of operation. The architecture of Differentiated Service consists of two basic sets of functions: Edge functions: include packet classification and traffic conditioning. At the inbound edge of the network, incoming packets are marked. In particular, the DS field in the packet header is set to a certain value. For example, in Figure 2.12, packets sent from H1 to H3 are marked at R1, while packets from H2 to H4 are marked at R2. The labels on the received packets identify the service class to which they belong. Different traffic classes receive different services in the core network. The RFC definition uses the term behavior aggregate rather than the term traffic class. After being marked, a packet can be forwarded immediately into the network, delayed for a period of time before being forwarded, or dropped. We will see that there are many factors that affect how a packet is marked, and whether it is forwarded immediately, delayed, or dropped. Figure 2.12 DiffServ Example Core functionality: When a DS-marked packet arrives at a Diffservcapable router, the packet is forwarded to the next router based on Per-hop behavior is associated with packet classes. Per-hop behavior affects router buffers and the bandwidth shared between competing classes. An important principle of the Differentiated Service architecture is that a router's per-hop behavior is based only on the packet's marking or the class to which it belongs. Therefore, if packets sent from H1 to H3 as shown in the figure receive the same marking as packets from H2 to H4, then the network routers treat the packets exactly the same, regardless of whether the packet originated from H1 or H2. For example, R3 does not distinguish between packets from h1 and H2 when forwarding packets to R4. Therefore, the Differentiated Service architecture avoids the need to maintain router state about separate source-destination pairs, which is important for network scalability. Chapter Conclusion Chapter 2 has presented and clarified two main models of deploying and installing quality of service in IP networks. While the traditional best-effort model has many disadvantages, later models such as IntServ and DiffServ have partly solved the problems that best-effort could not solve. IntServ follows the direction of ensuring quality of service for each separate flow, it is built similar to the circuit switching model with the use of the RSVP resource reservation protocol. IntSer is suitable for services that require fixed bandwidth that is not shared such as VoIP services, multicast TV services. However, IntSer has disadvantages such as using a lot of network resources, low scalability and lack of flexibility. DiffServ was born with the idea of ​​solving the disadvantages of the IntServ model. DiffServ follows the direction of ensuring quality based on the principle of hop-by-hop behavior based on the priority of marked packets. The policy for different types of traffic is decided by the administrator and can be changed according to reality, so it is very flexible. DiffServ makes better use of network resources, avoiding idle bandwidth and processing capacity on routers. In addition, the DifServ model can be deployed on many independent domains, so the ability to expand the network becomes easy. Chapter 3: METHODS TO ENSURE QoS FOR MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATIONS In packet-switched networks, different packet flows often have to share the transmission medium all the way to the destination station. To ensure the fair and efficient allocation of bandwidth to flows, appropriate serving mechanisms are required at network nodes, especially at gateways or routers, where many different data flows often pass through. The scheduler is responsible for serving packets of the selected flow and deciding which packet will be served next. Here, a flow is understood as a set of packets belonging to the same priority class, or originating from the same source, or having the same source and destination addresses, etc. In normal state when there is no congestion, packets will be sent as soon as they are delivered. In case of congestion, if QoS assurance methods are not applied, prolonged congestion can cause packet drops, affecting service quality. In some cases, congestion is prolonged and widespread in the network, which can easily lead to the network being "frozen", or many packets being dropped, seriously affecting service quality. Therefore, in this chapter, in sections 3.2 and 3.3, we introduce some typical network traffic load monitoring techniques to predict and prevent congestion before it occurs through the measure of dropping (removing) packets early when there are signs of impending congestion. 3.1. DropTail method DropTail is a simple, traditional queue management method based on FIFO mechanism. All incoming packets are placed in the queue, when the queue is full, the later packets are dropped. Due to its simplicity and ease of implementation, DropTail has been used for many years on Internet router systems. However, this algorithm has the following disadvantages: − Cannot avoid the phenomenon of “Lock out”: Occurs when 1 or several traffic streams monopolize the queue, making packets of other connections unable to pass through the router. This phenomenon greatly affects reliable transmission protocols such as TCP. According to the anti-congestion algorithm, when locked out, the TCP connection stream will reduce the window size and reduce the packet transmission speed exponentially. − Can cause Global Synchronization: This is the result of a severe “Lock out” phenomenon. Some neighboring routers have their queues monopolized by a number of connections, causing a series of other TCP connections to be unable to pass through and simultaneously reducing the transmission speed. After those monopolized connections are temporarily suspended, Once the queue is cleared, it takes a considerable amount of time for TCP connections to return to their original speed. − Full Queue phenomenon: Data transmitted on the Internet often has an explosion, packets arriving at the router are often in clusters rather than in turn. Therefore, the operating mechanism of DropTail makes the queue easily full for a long period of time, leading to the average delay time of large packets. To avoid this phenomenon, with DropTail, the only way is to increase the router's buffer, this method is very expensive and ineffective. − No QoS guarantee: With the DropTail mechanism, there is no way to prioritize important packets to be transmitted through the router earlier when all are in the queue. Meanwhile, with multimedia communication, ensuring connection and stable speed is extremely important and the DropTail algorithm cannot satisfy. The problem of choosing the buffer size of the routers in the network is to “absorb” short bursts of traffic without causing too much queuing delay. This is necessary in bursty data transmission. The queue size determines the size of the packet bursts (traffic spikes) that we want to be able to transmit without being dropped at the routers. In IP-based application networks, packet dropping is an important mechanism for indirectly reporting congestion to end stations. A solution that prevents router queues from filling up while reducing the packet drop rate is called dynamic queue management. 3.2. Random elimination method – RED 3.2.1 Overview RED (Random Early Detection of congestion; Random Early Drop) is one of the first AQM algorithms proposed in 1993 by Sally Floyd and Van Jacobson, two scientists at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory of the University of California, USA. Due to its outstanding advantages compared to previous queue management algorithms, RED has been widely installed and deployed on the Internet. The most fundamental point of their work is that the most effective place to detect congestion and react to it is at the gateway or router. Source entities (senders) can also do this by estimating end-to-end delay, throughput variability, or the rate of packet retransmissions due to drop. However, the sender and receiver view of a particular connection cannot tell which gateways on the network are congested, and cannot distinguish between propagation delay and queuing delay. Only the gateway has a true view of the state of the queue, the link share of the connections passing through it at any given time, and the quality of service requirements of the traffic flows. The RED gateway monitors the average queue length, which detects early signs of impending congestion (average queue length exceeding a predetermined threshold) and reacts appropriately in one of two ways: − Drop incoming packets with a certain probability, to indirectly inform the source of congestion, the source needs to reduce the transmission rate to keep the queue from filling up, maintaining the ability to absorb incoming traffic spikes. − Mark “congestion” with a certain probability in the ECN field in the header of TCP packets to notify the source (the receiving entity will copy this bit into the acknowledgement packet). Figure 3. 1 RED algorithm The main goal of RED is to avoid congestion by keeping the average queue size within a sufficiently small and stable region, which also means keeping the queuing delay sufficiently small and stable. Achieving this goal also helps: avoid global synchronization, not resist bursty traffic flows (i.e. flows with low average throughput but high volatility), and maintain an upper bound on the average queue size even in the absence of cooperation from transport layer protocols. To achieve the above goals, RED gateways must do the following: − The first is to detect congestion early and react appropriately to keep the average queue size small enough to keep the network operating in the low latency, high throughput region, while still allowing the queue size to fluctuate within a certain range to absorb short-term fluctuations. As discussed above, the gateway is the most appropriate place to detect congestion and is also the most appropriate place to decide which specific connection to report congestion to. − The second thing is to notify the source of congestion. This is done by marking and notifying the source to reduce traffic. Normally the RED gateway will randomly drop packets. However, if congestion If congestion is detected before the queue is full, it should be combined with packet marking to signal congestion. The RED gateway has two options: drop or mark; where marking is done by marking the ECN field of the packet with a certain probability, to signal the source to reduce the traffic entering the network. − An important goal that RED gateways need to achieve is to avoid global synchronization and not to resist traffic flows that have a sudden characteristic. Global synchronization occurs when all connections simultaneously reduce their transmission window size, leading to a severe drop in throughput at the same time. On the other hand, Drop Tail or Random Drop strategies are very sensitive to sudden flows; that is, the gateway queue will often overflow when packets from these flows arrive. To avoid these two phenomena, gateways can use special algorithms to detect congestion and decide which connections will be notified of congestion at the gateway. The RED gateway randomly selects incoming packets to mark; with this method, the probability of marking a packet from a particular connection is proportional to the connection's shared bandwidth at the gateway. − Another goal is to control the average queue size even without cooperation from the source entities. This can be done by dropping packets when the average size exceeds an upper threshold (instead of marking it). This approach is necessary in cases where most connections have transmission times that are less than the round-trip time, or where the source entities are not able to reduce traffic in response to marking or dropping packets (such as UDP flows). 3.2.2 Algorithm This section describes the algorithm for RED gateways. RED gateways calculate the average queue size using a low-pass filter. This average queue size is compared with two thresholds: minth and maxth. When the average queue size is less than the lower threshold, no incoming packets are marked or dropped; when the average queue size is greater than the upper threshold, all incoming packets are dropped. When the average queue size is between minth and maxth, each incoming packet is marked or dropped with a probability pa, where pa is a function of the average queue size avg; the probability of marking or dropping a packet for a particular connection is proportional to the bandwidth share of that connection at the gateway. The general algorithm for a RED gateway is described as follows: [5] For each packet arrival Caculate the average queue size avg If minth ≤ avg < maxth div.maincontent .s1 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 15pt; } div.maincontent .s2 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 15pt; } div.maincontent .p { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; margin:0pt; } div.maincontent p { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; margin:0pt; } div.maincontent .s3 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s4 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s5 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s6 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s7 { color: black; font-family:Wingdings; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s8 { color: black; font-family:Arial, sans-serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 15pt; } div.maincontent .s9 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s10 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: 6pt; } div.maincontent .s11 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 13pt; } div.maincontent .s12 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 10pt; } div.maincontent .s13 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-d
• Maternity Allowance, In addition to 100% of the Salary As Mentioned Above, When Giving Birth, You Will Also Receive a One-Time Allowance Equal to 1 Month of Social Insurance Contribution Salary.
• Mobile Phone Usage in Hanoi Inner City Area zt2i3t4l5ee zt2a3gsconsumer,consumption,consumer behavior,marketing,mobile marketing zt2a3ge zc2o3n4t5e6n7ts - Test the relationship between demographic variables and consumer behavior for Mobile Marketing activities The analysis method used is the Chi-square test (χ2), with statistical hypotheses H0 and H1 and significance level α = 0.05. In case the P index (p-value) or Sig. index in SPSS has a value less than or equal to the significance level α, the hypothesis H0 is rejected and vice versa. With this testing procedure, the study can evaluate the difference in behavioral trends between demographic groups. CHAPTER 4 RESEARCH RESULTS During two months, 1,100 survey questionnaires were distributed to mobile phone users in the inner city of Hanoi using various methods such as direct interviews, sending via email or using questionnaires designed on the Internet. At the end of the survey, after checking and eliminating erroneous questionnaires, the study collected 858 complete questionnaires, equivalent to a rate of about 78%. In addition, the research subjects of the thesis are only people who are using mobile phones, so people who do not use mobile phones are not within the scope of the thesis, therefore, the questionnaires with the option of not using mobile phones were excluded from the scope of analysis. The number of suitable survey questionnaires included in the statistical analysis was 835. 4.1 Demographic characteristics of the sample The structure of the survey sample is divided and statistically analyzed according to criteria such as gender, age, occupation, education level and personal income. (Detailed statistical table in Appendix 6) - Gender structure: Of the 835 completed questionnaires, 49.8% of respondents were male, equivalent to 416 people, and 50.2% were female, equivalent to 419 people. The survey results of the study are completely consistent with the gender ratio in the population structure of Vietnam in general and Hanoi in particular (Male/Female: 49/51). - Age structure: 36.6% of respondents are <23 years old, equivalent to 306 people. People from 23-34 years old accounting for the highest proportion: 44.8% equivalent to 374 people, people aged 35-45 and >45 are 70 and 85 people equivalent to 8.4% and 10.2% respectively. Looking at the results of this survey, we can see that the young people - youth account for a large proportion of the total number of people participating in the survey. Meanwhile, the middle-aged people including two age groups of 35 - 45 and >45 have a low rate of participation in the survey. This is completely consistent with the reality when Mobile Marketing is identified as a Marketing service aimed at young people (people under 35 years old). - Structure by educational level: among 835 valid responses, 541 respondents had university degrees, accounting for the highest proportion of ~ 75%, 102 had secondary school degrees, ~ 13.1%, and 93 had post-graduate degrees, ~ 11.9%. - Occupational structure: office workers and civil servants are the group with the highest rate of participation with 39.4%, followed by students with 36.6%. Self-employed people account for 12%, retired housewives are 7.8% and other occupational groups account for 4.2%. The survey results show that the student group has the same rate as the group aged <23 at 36.6%. This shows the accuracy of the survey data. In addition, the survey results distributed by occupational criteria have a rate almost similar to the sample division rate in chapter 3. Therefore, it can be concluded that the survey data is suitable for use in analysis activities. - Income structure: the group with income from 3 to 5 million has the highest rate with 39% of the total number of respondents. This is consistent with the income structure of Hanoi people and corresponds to the average income of the group of civil servants and office workers. Those People with no income account for 23%, income under 3 million VND accounts for 13% and income over 5 million VND accounts for 25%. 4.2 Mobile phone usage in Hanoi inner city area According to the survey results, most respondents said they had used the phone for more than 1 year, specifically: 68.4% used mobile phones from 4 to 10 years, 23.2% used from 1 to 3 years, 7.8% used for more than 10 years. Those who used mobile phones for less than 1 year accounted for only a very small proportion of ~ 0.6%. (Table 4.1) Table 4.1: Time spent using mobile phones Frequency Ratio (%) Valid Percentage Cumulative Percentage Alid <1 year 5 .6 .6 .6 1-3 years 194 23.2 23.2 23.8 4-10 years 571 68.4 68.4 92.2 >10 years 65 7.8 7.8 100.0 Total 835 100.0 100.0 The survey indexes on the time of using mobile phones of consumers in the inner city of Hanoi are very impressive for a developing country like Vietnam and also prove that Vietnamese consumers have a lot of experience using this high-tech device. Moreover, with the majority of consumers surveyed having a relatively long time of use (4-10 years), it partly proves that mobile phones have become an important and essential item in people's daily lives. When asked about the mobile phone network they are using, 31% of respondents said they are using the network of Vietel company, 29% use the network of of Mobifone company, 27% use Vinaphone company's network and 13% use networks of other providers such as E-VN telecom, S-fone, Beeline, Vietnammobile. (Figure 4.1). Figure 4.1: Mobile phone network in use Compared with the announced market share of mobile telecommunications service providers in Vietnam (Vietel: 36%, Mobifone: 29%, Vinaphone: 28%, the remaining networks: 7%), we see that the survey results do not have many differences. However, the statistics show that there is a difference in the market share of other networks because the Hanoi market is one of the two main markets of small networks, so their market share in this area will certainly be higher than that of the whole country. According to a report by NielsenMobile (2009) [8], the number of prepaid mobile phone subscribers in Hanoi accounts for 95% of the total number of subscribers, however, the results of this survey show that the percentage of prepaid subscribers has decreased by more than 20%, only at 70.8%. On the contrary, the number of postpaid subscribers tends to increase from 5% in 2009 to 19.2%. Those who are simultaneously using both types of subscriptions account for 10%. (Table 4.2). Table 4.2: Types of mobile phone subscribers Frequency Ratio (%) Valid Percentage Cumulative Percentage Valid Prepay 591 70.8 70.8 70.8 Pay later 160 19.2 19.2 89.9 Both of the above 84 10.1 10.1 100.0 Total 835 100.0 100.0 The above figures show the change in the psychology and consumption habits of Vietnamese consumers towards mobile telecommunications services, when the use of prepaid subscriptions and junk SIMs is replaced by the use of two types of subscriptions for different purposes and needs or switching to postpaid subscriptions to enjoy better customer care services. In addition, the majority of respondents have an average spending level for mobile phone services from 100 to 300 thousand VND (406 ~ 48.6% of total respondents). The high spending level (> 500 thousand VND) is the spending level with the lowest number of people with only 8.4%, on the contrary, the low spending level (under 100 thousand VND) accounts for the second highest proportion among the groups of respondents with 25.4%. People with low spending levels mainly fall into the group of students and retirees/housewives - those who have little need to use or mainly use promotional SIM cards. (Table 4.3). Table 4.3: Spending on mobile phone charges Frequency Ratio (%) Valid Percentage Cumulative Percentage Valid <100,000 212 25.4 25.4 25.4 100-300,000 406 48.6 48.6 74.0 300,000-500,000 147 17.6 17.6 91.6 >500,000 70 8.4 8.4 100.0 Total 835 100.0 100.0 The statistics in Table 4.3 are similar to the percentages in the NielsenMobile survey results (2009) with 73% of mobile phone users having medium spending levels and only 13% having high spending levels. The survey results also showed that up to 31% ~ nearly one-third of respondents said they sent more than 10 SMS messages/day, meaning that on average they sent 1 SMS message for every working hour. Those with an average SMS message volume (from 3 to 10 messages/day) accounted for 51.1% and those with a low SMS message volume (less than 3 messages/day) accounted for 17%. (Table 4.4) Table 4.4: Number of SMS messages sent per day Frequency Ratio (%) Valid Percentage Cumulative Percentage Valid <3 news 142 17.0 17.0 17.0 3-10 news 427 51.1 51.1 68.1 >10 news 266 31.9 31.9 100.0 Total 835 100.0 100.0 Similar to sending messages, those with an average message receiving rate (from 3-10 messages/day) accounted for the highest percentage of ~ 55%, followed by those with a high number of messages (over 10 messages/day) ~ 24% and those with a low number of messages received daily (under 3 messages/day) remained at the bottom with 21%. (Table 4.5) Table 4.5: Number of SMS messages received per day Frequency Ratio (%) Valid Percentage Cumulative Percentage Valid <3 news 175 21.0 21.0 21.0 3-10 news 436 55.0 55.0 76.0 >10 news 197 24.0 24.0 100.0 Total 835 100.0 100.0 When comparing the data of the two result tables 4.4 and 4.5, we can see the reasonableness between the ratio of the number of messages sent and the number of messages received daily by the interview participants. 4.3 Current status of SMS advertising and Mobile Marketing According to the interview results, in the 3 months from the time of the survey and before, 94% of respondents, equivalent to 785 people, said they received advertising messages, while only a very small percentage of 6% (only 50 people) did not receive advertising messages (Table 4.6). Table 4.6: Percentage of people receiving advertising messages in the last 3 months Frequency Ratio (%) Valid Percentage Cumulative Percentage Valid Have 785 94.0 94.0 94.0 Are not 50 6.0 6.0 100.0 Total 835 100.0 100.0 The results of Table 4.6 show that consumers in the inner city of Hanoi are very familiar with advertising messages. This result is also the basis for assessing the knowledge, experience and understanding of the respondents in the interview. This is also one of the important factors determining the accuracy of the survey results. In addition, most respondents said they had received promotional messages, but only 24% of them had ever taken the action of registering to receive promotional messages, while 76% of the remaining respondents did not register to receive promotional messages but still received promotional messages every day. This is the first sign indicating the weaknesses and shortcomings of lax management of this activity in Vietnam. (Table 4.7) div.maincontent .s1 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s2 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s3 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .p { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; margin:0pt; } div.maincontent p { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; margin:0pt; } div.maincontent .s4 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 9.5pt; vertical-align: 6pt; } div.maincontent .s5 { color: black; 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• Solutions for tourism development in Tien Lang - 10 zt2i3t4l5ee zt2a3gstourism, tourism development zt2a3ge zc2o3n4t5e6n7ts - District People's Committees and authorities of communes with tourist attractions should support, promote, and provide necessary information to people, helping them improve their knowledge about tourism. Raise tourism awareness for local people. * * * Due to limited knowledge and research time, the thesis inevitably has shortcomings. Therefore, I look forward to receiving guidance from teachers, experts as well as your comments to make the thesis more complete. Chapter III Conclusion Through the issues presented in Chapter II, we can come to some conclusions: Based on the strengths of available tourism resources, the types of tourism in Tien Lang that need to be promoted in the coming time are sightseeing and resort tourism, discovery tourism, weekend tourism. To improve the quality and diversify tourism products, Tien Lang district needs to combine with local cultural tourism resources, at the same time combine with surrounding areas, build rich tourism products. The strengths of Tien Lang tourism are eco-tourism and cultural tourism, so developing Tien Lang tourism must always go hand in hand with restoring and preserving types of cultural tourism resources. Some necessary measures to support and improve the efficiency of exploiting tourism resources in Tien Lang are: strengthening the construction of technical facilities and labor force serving tourism, actively promoting and advertising tourism, and expanding forms of capital mobilization for tourism development. CONCLUDE I Conclusion 1. Based on the results achieved within the framework of the thesis's needs, some basic conclusions can be drawn as follows: Tien Lang is a locality with great potential for tourism development. The relatively abundant cultural tourism resources and ecological tourism resources have great appeal to tourists. Based on this potential, Tien Lang can build a unique tourism industry that is competitive enough with other localities within Hai Phong city and neighboring areas. In recent years, the exploitation of the advantages of resources to develop tourism and build tourist routes in Tien Lang has not been commensurate with the available potential. In terms of quantity, many resource objects have not been brought into the purpose of tourism development. In terms of time, the regular service time has not been extended to attract more visitors. Infrastructure and technical facilities are still weak. The labor force is still thin and weak in terms of expertise. Tourism programs and routes have not been organized properly, the exploitation content is still monotonous, so it has not attracted many visitors. Although resources have not been mobilized much for tourism development, they are facing the risk of destruction and degradation. 2. Based on the results of investigation, analysis, synthesis, evaluation and selective absorption of research results of related topics, the thesis has proposed a number of necessary solutions to improve the efficiency of exploiting tourism resources in Tien Lang such as: promoting the restoration and conservation of tourism resources, focusing on investment and key exploitation of ecotourism resources, strengthening the construction of infrastructure and tourism workforce. Expanding forms of capital mobilization. In addition, the thesis has built a number of tourist routes of Hai Phong in which Tien Lang tourism resources play an important role. Exploiting Tien Lang tourism resources for tourism development is currently facing many difficulties. The above measures, if applied synchronously, will likely bring new prospects for the local tourism industry, contributing to making Tien Lang tourism an important economic sector in the district's economic structure. REFERENCES 1. Nhuan Ha, Trinh Minh Hien, Tran Phuong, Hai Phong - Historical and cultural relics, Hai Phong Publishing House, 1993 2. Hai Phong City History Council, Hai Phong Gazetteer, Hai Phong Publishing House, 1990. 3. Hai Phong City History Council, History of Tien Lang District Party Committee, Hai Phong Publishing House, 1990. 4. Hai Phong City History Council, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, VNU, Hai Phong Place Names Encyclopedia, Hai Phong Publishing House. 2001. 5. Law on Cultural Heritage and documents guiding its implementation, National Political Publishing House, Hanoi, 2003. 6. Tran Duc Thanh, Lecture on Tourism Geography, Faculty of Tourism, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, VNU, 2006 7. Hai Phong Center for Social Sciences and Humanities, Some typical cultural heritages of Hai Phong, Hai Phong Publishing House, 2001 8. Nguyen Ngoc Thao (editor-in-chief, Tourism Geography, Hai Phong Publishing House, two volumes (2001-2002) 9. Nguyen Minh Tue and group of authors, Hai Phong Tourism Geography, Ho Chi Minh City Publishing House, 1997. 10. Nguyen Thanh Son, Hai Phong Tourism Territory Organization, Associate Doctoral Thesis in Geological Geography, Hanoi, 1996. 11. Decision No. 2033/QD – UB on detailed planning of Tien Lang town, Hai Phong city until 2020. 12. Department of Culture, Information, Hai Phong Museum, Hai Phong relics - National ranked scenic spot, Hai Phong Publishing House, 2005. 13. Tien Lang District People's Committee, Economic Development Planning - Culture - Society of Tien Lang district to 2010. 14.Website www.HaiPhong.gov.vn APPENDIX 1 List of national ranked monuments STT Name of the monument Number, year of decisiondetermine Location 1 Gam Temple 938 VH/QĐ04/08/1992 Cam Khe Village- Toan Thang commune 2 Doc Hau Temple 9381 VH/QĐ04/08/1992 Doc Hau Village –Toan Thang commune 3 Cuu Doi Communal House 3207 VH/QĐDecember 30, 1991 Zone II of townTien Lang 4 Ha Dai Temple 938 VH/QĐ04/08/1992 Ha Dai Village –Tien Thanh commune APPENDIX II STT Name of the monument Number, year of decision Location 1 Phu Ke Pagoda Temple 178/QD-UBJanuary 28, 2005 Zone 1 - townTien Lang 2 Trung Lang Temple 178/QD-UBJanuary 28, 2005 Zone 4 – townTien Lang 3 Bao Khanh Pagoda 1900/QD-UBAugust 24, 2006 Nam Tu Village -Kien Thiet commune 4 Bach Da Pagoda 1792/QD-UB11/11/2002 Hung Thang Commune 5 Ngoc Dong Temple 177/QD-UBNovember 27, 2005 Tien Thanh Commune 6 Tomb of Minister TSNhu Van Lan 2848/QD-UBSeptember 19, 2003 Nam Tu Village -Kien Thiet commune 7 Canh Son Stone Temple 2160/QD-UBSeptember 19, 2003 Van Doi Commune –Doan Lap 8 Meiji Temple 2259/QD-UBSeptember 19, 2002 Toan Thang Commune 9 Tien Doi Noi Temple 477/QD-UBSeptember 19, 2005 Doan Lap Commune 10 Tu Doi Temple 177/QD-UBJanuary 28, 2005 Doan Lap Commune 11 Duyen Lao Temple 177/QD-UBJanuary 28, 2005 Tien Minh Commune 12 Dinh Xuan Uc Pagoda 177/QD-UBJanuary 28, 2005 Bac Hung Commune 13 Chu Khe Pagoda 177/QD-UBJanuary 28, 2005 Hung Thang Commune 14 Dong Dinh 2848/QD-UBNovember 21, 2002 Vinh Quang Commune 15 President's Memorial HouseTon Duc Thang 177/QD-UBJanuary 28, 2005 NT Quy Cao Ha Dai Temple Ben Vua Temple Tien Lang hot spring div.maincontent .p { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; margin:0pt; } div.maincontent p { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; margin:0pt; } div.maincontent .s1 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16pt; } div.maincontent .s2 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s3 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s4 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s5 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s6 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s7 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s8 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: 6pt; } div.maincontent .s9 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; } div.maincontent .s11 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; tex
• Identify Rating Levels and Rating Scales zt2i3t4l5ee zt2a3gstourism,quan lan,quang ninh,ecology,ecotourism,minh chau,van don,geography,geographical basis,tourism development,science zt2a3ge zc2o3n4t5e6n7ts of the islanders. Therefore, this indicator will be divided into two sub-indicators: a1. Natural tourism attractiveness a2. Cultural tourism attractiveness b. Tourist capacity The two island communes in Quan Lan have different capacities to receive tourists. Minh Chau Commune is home to many standard hotels and resorts, attracting high-income domestic and international tourists. Meanwhile, Quan Lan Commune has many motels mainly built and operated by local people, so the scale and quality are not high, and will be suitable for ordinary tourists such as students. c. Time of exploitation of Quan Lan Island Commune: Quan Lan tourism is seasonal due to weather and climate conditions and festivals only take place on certain days of the year, specifically in spring. In Quan Lan commune, the period from April to June and from September to November is considered the best time to visit Quan Lan because the cultural tourism activities are mainly associated with festivals taking place during this time. Minh Chau island commune: Tourism exploitation time is all year round, because this is a place with a number of tourist attractions with diverse ecosystems such as Bai Tu Long National Park Research Center, Tram forest, Turtle Laying Beach, so besides coming to the beach for tourism and vacation in the summer, Minh Chau will attract research groups to come for tourism combined with research at other times of the year. d. Sustainability The sustainability of ecotourism sites in Quan Lan and Minh Chau communes depends on the sensitivity of the ecosystems to climate changes. landscape. In general, these tourist destinations have a fairly high level of sustainability, because they are natural ecosystems, planned and protected. However, if a large number of tourists gather at certain times, it can exceed the carrying capacity and affect the sustainability of the environment (polluted beaches, damaged trees, animals moving away from their habitats, etc.), then the sustainability of the above ecosystems (natural ecosystems, human ecosystems) will also be affected and become less sustainable. e. Location and accessibility Both island communes have ports to take tourists to visit from Van Don wharf: - Quan Lan – Van Don traffic route: Phuc Thinh – Viet Anh high-speed boat and Quang Minh high-speed boat, depart at 8am and 2pm from Van Don to Quan Lan, and at 7am and 1pm from Quan Lan to Van Don. There are also wooden boats departing at 7am and 1pm. - Van Don - Minh Chau traffic route: Chung Huong high-speed train, Minh Chau train, morning 7:30 and afternoon 13:30 from Van Don to Minh Chau, morning 6:30 and afternoon 13:00 from Minh Chau to Van Don. f. Infrastructure Despite receiving investment attention, the issue of infrastructure and technical facilities for tourism on Quan Lan Island is still an issue that needs to be resolved because it has a direct impact on the implementation of ecotourism activities. The minimum conditions for serving tourists such as accommodation, electricity, water, communication, especially medical services, and security work need to be given top priority. Ecotourism spots in Minh Chau commune are assessed to have better infrastructure and technical facilities for tourism because there are quite complete and synchronous conditions for serving tourists, meeting many needs of domestic and foreign tourists. 3.2.1.4. Determine assessment levels and assessment scales Corresponding to the levels of each criterion, the index is the score of those levels in the order of 4, 3, 2, 1 decreasing according to the standard of each level: very attractive (4), attractive (3), average (2), less attractive (1). 3.2.1.5. Determining the coefficients of the criteria For the assessment of DLST in the two communes of Quan Lan and Minh Chau islands, the students added evaluation coefficients to show the importance of the criteria and indicators as follows: Coefficient 3 with criteria: Attractiveness, Exploitation time. These are the 2 most important criteria for attracting tourists to tourism in general and eco-tourism in particular, so they have the highest coefficient. Coefficient 2 with criteria: Capacity, Infrastructure, Location and accessibility . Because the assessment area is an island commune of Van Don district, the above criteria are selected by the author with appropriate coefficients at the average level. Coefficient 1 with criteria: Sustainability. Quan Lan has natural and human-made ecotourism sites, with high biodiversity and little impact from local human factors. Most of the ecotourism sites are still wild, so they are highly sustainable. 3.2.1.6. Results of DLST assessment on Quan Lan island a. Assessment of the potential for natural tourism development  For Minh Chau commune: + Natural tourism attractiveness is determined to be very attractive (4 points) and the most important coefficient (coefficient 3), so the score of the Attractiveness criterion is 4 x 3 = 12. + Capacity is determined as average (2 points) and the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of Capacity criterion is 2 x 2 = 4. + Exploitation time is long (4 points), the most important coefficient (coefficient 3) so the score of the Exploitation time criterion is 4 x 3 = 12. + Sustainability is determined as sustainable (4 points), the important coefficient is the average coefficient (coefficient 1), so the score of the Sustainability criterion is 4 x 1 = 4 points + Location and accessibility are determined to be quite favorable (2 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), the criterion score is 2 x 2 = 4 points. + Infrastructure is assessed as good (3 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of the Infrastructure criterion is 3 x 2 = 6 points. The total score for evaluating DLST in Minh Chau commune according to 6 evaluation criteria is determined as: 12 + 4 + 12 + 4 + 4 + 6 = 42 points Similar assessment for Quan Lan commune, we have the following table: Table 3.3: Assessment of the potential for natural ecotourism development in Quan Lan and Minh Chau communes Attractiveness of self-tourismof course Capacity Mining time Sustainability Location and accessibility Infrastructure Result Point DarkMulti Point DarkMulti Point DarkMulti Point DarkMulti Point DarkMulti Point DarkMulti CommuneMinh Chau 12 12 4 8 12 12 4 4 4 8 6 8 42/52 Quan CommuneLan 6 12 6 8 9 12 4 4 4 8 4 8 33/52 b. Assessment of the potential for humanistic tourism development  For Quan Lan commune: + The attractiveness of human tourism is determined to be very attractive (4 points) and the most important coefficient (coefficient 3), so the score of the Attractiveness criterion is 4 x 3 = 12. + Capacity is determined to be large (3 points) and the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of the Capacity criterion is 3 x 2 = 6. + Mining time is average (3 points), the most important coefficient (coefficient 3) so the score of the Mining time criterion is 3 x 3 = 9. + Sustainability is determined as sustainable (4 points), the important coefficient is the average coefficient (coefficient 1), so the score of the Sustainability criterion is 4 x 1 = 4 points. + Location and accessibility are determined to be quite favorable (2 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), the criterion score is 2 x 2 = 4 points. + Infrastructure is rated as average (2 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of the Infrastructure criterion is 2 x 2 = 4 points. The total score for evaluating DLST in Quan Lan commune according to 6 evaluation criteria is determined as: 12 + 6 + 6 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 36 points. Similar assessment with Minh Chau commune we have the following table: Table 3.4: Assessment of the potential for developing humanistic eco-tourism in Quan Lan and Minh Chau communes Attractiveness of human tourismliterature Capacity Mining time Sustainability Location and accessibility Infrastructure Result Point DarkMulti Point DarkMulti Point DarkMulti Point DarkMulti Point DarkMulti Point DarkMulti Quan CommuneLan 12 12 6 8 9 12 4 4 4 8 4 8 39/52 Minh CommuneChau 6 12 4 8 12 12 4 4 4 8 6 8 36/52 Basically, both Minh Chau and Quan Lan localities have quite favorable conditions for developing ecotourism. However, Quan Lan commune has more advantages to develop ecotourism in a humanistic direction, because this is an area with many famous historical relics such as Quan Lan Communal House, Quan Lan Pagoda, Temple worshiping the hero Tran Khanh Du, ... along with local festivals held annually such as the wind praying ceremony (March 15), Quan Lan festival (June 10-19); due to its location near the port and long exploitation time, the beaches in Quan Lan commune (especially Quan Lan beach) are no longer hygienic and clean to ensure the needs of tourists coming to relax and swim; this is also an area with many beautiful landscapes such as Got Beo wind pass, Ong Phong head, Voi Voi cave, but the ability to access these places is still very limited (dirt hill road, lots of gravel and rocks), especially during rainy and windy times; In addition, other natural resources such as mangrove forests and sea worms have not been really exploited for tourism purposes and ecotourism development. On the contrary, Minh Chau commune has more advantages in developing ecotourism in the direction of natural tourism, this is an area with diverse ecosystems such as at Rua De Beach, Bai Tu Long National Park Conservation Center...; Minh Chau beach is highly appreciated for its natural beauty and cleanliness, ranked in the top ten most beautiful beaches in Vietnam; Minh Chau commune is also home to Tram forest with a large area and a purity of up to 90%, suitable for building bridges through the forest (a very effective type of natural ecotourism currently applied by many countries) for tourists to sightsee, as well as for the purpose of studying and researching. Figure 3.1: Thenmala Forest Bridge (India) Source: https://www.thenmalaecotourism.com/(August 21, 2019) 3.2.2. Using SWOT matrix to evaluate Quan Lan island tourism General assessment of current tourism activities of Quan Lan island is shown through the following SWOT matrix: Table 3.5: SWOT matrix evaluating tourism activities on Quan Lan island Internal agent Strengths- There is a lot of potential for tourism development, especially natural ecotourism and humanistic ecotourism.- The unskilled labor force is relatively abundant.- resource environmentunpolluted, still Weaknesses- Poorly developed infrastructure, especially traffic routes to tourist destinations on the island.- The team of professional staff is still weak.- Tourism products in general quite wild, originalintact general and DLST in particularalone is monotonous. External agents Opportunity- Tourism is a key industry in the socio-economic development strategy of the province and Van Don economic zone.- Quan Lan was selected as a pilot area for eco-tourism development within the framework of the green growth project between Quang Ninh province and the Japanese organization JICA.- The flow of tourists and especially ecotourism in the world tends toincreasing Challenge- Weather and climate change abnormally.- Competition in tourism products is increasingly fierce, especially with other localities in the province such as Ha Long, Mong Cai...- Awareness of tourists, especially domestic tourists, about ecotourism and nature conservation is not high. Through summary analysis using SWOT matrix we see that:  To exploit strengths and take advantage of opportunities, it is necessary to: - Diversify products and service types (build more tourism routes aimed at specific needs of tourists: experiential tourism immersed in nature, spiritual cultural tourism...) - Effective exploitation of resources and differentiated products (natural resources and human resources) div.maincontent .p { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; margin:0pt; } div.maincontent p { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; margin:0pt; } div.maincontent .s1 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 13pt; } div.maincontent .s2 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 13pt; } div.maincontent .s3 { color: #0D0D0D; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s4 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s5 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s6 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; vertical-align: -3pt; } div.maincontent .s7 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; vertical-align: -2pt; } div.maincontent .s8 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; vertical-align: -1pt; } div.maincontent .s9 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s10 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s11 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s12 { color: black; font-family:Symbol, serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s13 { color: black; font-family:Wingdings; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s14 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: 5pt; } div.maincontent .s15 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 9pt; vertical-align: 5pt; } div.maincontent .s16 { color: black; font-family:Cambria, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s17 { color: #080808; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s18 { color: #080808; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s19 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; } div.maincontent .s20 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 10pt; } div.maincontent .s21 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; } div.maincontent .s22 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 11pt; } div.maincontent .s23 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s24 { color: #212121; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; tex

“Article 643. Persons not entitled to inherit

1. The following persons are not entitled to inherit:

a, A person convicted of intentionally infringing upon the life or health or of seriously mistreating or torturing the person leaving the inheritance, or of seriously infringing upon the honor or dignity of that person;

b, A person who seriously violates the obligation to support the deceased

product;

c, A person convicted of intentionally infringing upon the life of an heir

another to enjoy part or all of the inheritance to which the heir is entitled;

d. A person who deceives, coerces or prevents the testator from making a will; forges a will, amends a will, or cancels a will in order to receive part or all of the inheritance against the testator's wishes.

In short, regardless of who the testator has designated as the beneficiary of the inheritance, even if they are not among the heirs prescribed in Article 669, the testator can disinherit the legal heirs, including his father, mother, wife, husband or children. The testator can divide his entire inheritance to any person without giving, or giving less than 2/3 of a legal inheritance share to the heirs according to Article 669 of the 2005 Civil Code... those people will still receive an inheritance share equal to two-thirds of a legal heir's share regardless of the testator's will. This ensures the rights and benefits of those for whom the testator is responsible and obligated to perform while alive by limiting the testator's right to self-determination, contributing to strengthening and maintaining family love.

2.2.3. Limitations on leaving behind inheritance for worship purposes

On the basis of respecting the right of self-determination of the testator, our country's law allows the testator to reserve a part of the inheritance for worship purposes and does not need to specify the proportion of that "part" compared to the value of the property. However, to ensure the rights of those with property rights related to the deceased's inheritance, our country's law also limits the right of the testator to reserve the inheritance for worship purposes by stipulating in Clause 2, Article 670 of the 2005 Civil Code: "In case the entire inheritance of the deceased is not enough to pay his/her property obligations, a part of the inheritance cannot be reserved for worship purposes".

Thus, the inheritance used for worship will be limited in the case where the person leaving the inheritance must bear financial obligations such as debt payment obligations, compensation for damages, etc. and the entire inheritance of that person is not enough to pay the obligations. That is, if the person leaving the inheritance has made a will and

If a part of the inheritance in the will is specified for worship purposes but the person bears a debt or other property obligation, and the inheritance (after deducting the inheritance for worship purposes) is not enough to fulfill the person's property obligation, then the inheritance for worship must be deducted from the inheritance for worship. If the inheritance for worship purposes stated in the will is enough to pay the obligation or is still not enough to pay the obligation of the person leaving the inheritance, then that person will not be allowed to reserve a part of the inheritance for worship purposes. The right of the testator to reserve a part of the inheritance for worship purposes will not be recognized by law.

According to the above provisions, although the testator has expressed his will to dedicate a part of his inheritance to worship, that will is not guaranteed by law if the remaining assets are not enough to pay off the property obligations. Therefore, the part of the inheritance used for worship must be used to pay off the remaining obligations of the testator.

On the other hand, if the testator's leaving of a portion of the inheritance for worship purposes affects the legitimate rights of the heirs according to Article 669 of the Civil Code, the right to dispose of that portion is limited to ensure that the above heirs receive a portion of the inheritance at least equal to two-thirds of a legal inheritance portion.

According to the provisions of Article 669 of the 2005 Civil Code, the heirs who are not dependent on the will include: minor children, father, mother, wife, husband and adult children who are not able to work. In the case where the testator divides his property and reserves a part of the inheritance for worship purposes, and an heir appears who is not dependent on the content of the will and does not refuse to receive the inheritance and is not deprived of the right to inherit, they are still entitled to receive an inheritance equal to 2/3 of a legal inheritance portion taken from the inheritance portion used for worship purposes.

Therefore, the calculation of the inheritance of the heirs does not depend on the will on the entire inheritance (including the inheritance used for worship) or the separated inheritance used for worship. There is no law directly regulating this issue, but considering the legal nature of the provisions on heirs who are not dependent on the will, it can be seen that not depending on the will means not depending on the subjective will of the testator, so in the will, even if the testator decides on any issue regarding his property - including leaving a part of the inheritance for worship, those who are the subjects of inheritance who are not dependent on the content of the will are not entitled to inherit according to the will, or receive less than 2/3 of a period of division according to the law, the calculation of the inheritance of the heirs who are not dependent on the content of the will must be calculated on the total inheritance of the testator, including the part of the property that the testator specifies in the will to use for worship (worship inheritance).

Thus, although the law stipulates that a testator has the right to leave a part of his inheritance for worship purposes, this right will be limited in the event that the entire inheritance of the testator is not enough to pay his property obligations, limited by the rights of the heirs regardless of the content of the will.

2.2.4. Limitations on leaving bequests

Similar to the right to leave an inheritance for worship purposes, although the testator has the right to leave an inheritance for inheritance, in order to protect the legitimate rights of the testator's creditors, our country's law has stipulated: " In case the entire inheritance is not enough to pay the property obligations of the testator, the inheritance part shall also be used to fulfill the remaining obligations of this person " (Clause 2, Article 671 of the 2005 Civil Code).

Thus, in the case where the testator is subject to financial obligations, and the entire inheritance is not enough to pay the testator's financial obligations, even if the testator has disposed of his assets to leave a part of the inheritance to bequeath to the heirs, that bequeathed part is also used to fulfill the testator's obligations. Here, the law has limited the testator's rights, although the law respects and stipulates that the individual testator has the right to reserve a part of his assets to bequeath to anyone, but that bequeath will not be recognized and therefore cannot be carried out if the entire estate of the testator, including the bequeathed part, is still not enough to pay the testator's financial obligations.

In the case where the testator's property obligations have been paid but the inheritance is still to be divided. If there is an heir according to Article 669 of the 2005 Civil Code, in order of inheritance, including the bequeathed person, the heir, regardless of the content of the will, will be divided first among the inheritance. According to Article 669 of the 2005 Civil Code, father, mother, wife, husband, minor children or adult children who are incapable of working: Are those who are still entitled to receive an inheritance equal to 2/3 of the inheritance portion of the legal heir in the case where the total inheritance they receive from the testator is less than 2/3 of an inheritance portion according to the law or they are not entitled to receive an inheritance from the testator (except in the case where they are those who refuse to receive the inheritance or are not entitled to receive the inheritance).

If the testator decides to give away a part of the inheritance and the heirs, regardless of the content of the will, have not yet received the required share as prescribed by law, then the inheritance must be taken from the inheritance. The inheritance is the remaining part after deducting the portion of the inheritance for the heirs, regardless of the content of the will.

Therefore, even in the case where the testator leaves a part of his/her assets as a legacy, that legacy will be partially or fully deducted if the testator's estate (excluding the legacy) is not enough to ensure the mandatory share for the heirs regardless of the content of the will.

Thus, the rights of the testator in case the testator leaves an inheritance for inheritance will be limited if the entire inheritance is not enough to pay the testator's property obligations and in case the inheritance does not depend on the content of the will.

2.2.5. Limitations on the division of inheritance

Unlike other civil relations, inheritance relations only arise when an individual dies. “The time of opening inheritance is the time when the property owner dies” (Clause 1, Article 633 of the Civil Code). Inheritance division is carried out when it is determined that the deceased's estate is still available for division and there are beneficiaries according to the will or the law. However, when the elements in the legal inheritance relationship are determined to be able to have the right to inherit, the estate is still available for inheritance division and the heir does not refuse the right to inherit, but the division of the estate has not been carried out for the reasons prescribed in Article 686 of the 2005 Civil Code. Article 686 of the 2005 Civil Code stipulates the restriction on inheritance division: “In the case where, according to the will of the testator or according to the agreement of all heirs, the estate is only to be divided after a certain period of time, the estate will only be divided after that period has expired”.

In principle, in the event that the testator does not make a will or makes a will but does not specify the time of division of the estate, the heirs have the right to divide the estate immediately after the testator dies. Because starting from the time of opening the inheritance, the heirs are already co-owners of the deceased's estate. However, the heirs also have the right to

the right to limit the division of the inheritance if they agree with each other on the time limit for dividing the inheritance.

In case the testator makes a will, he has the right to determine the time of division of the inheritance. For various reasons, the testator has clearly stated that the inheritance can only be divided after a certain period of time, or when an event occurs, the division of the inheritance must be suspended until the end of that period or until the event specified in the will has occurred. The period during which the division of the inheritance cannot be carried out is entirely determined by the will of the testator. If the will clearly specifies the time of division of the inheritance, the heirs can only divide it after that period has expired. The heirs have the obligation to respect the right of the testator to limit the division of the inheritance and have the obligation to carry out the wishes of the testator expressed through the will.

Thus, the testator not only has the right to designate heirs and divide the inheritance for each heir, but also has the right to determine the time of dividing the inheritance. However, this right of self-determination of the testator may be limited in the following cases: “In case of request

division of inheritance that seriously affects life

of the surviving spouse and family, the surviving spouse has the right to demand

request the Court to determine the portion of the inheritance that the heirs are entitled to but

not to divide the inheritance for a certain period of time, but not more than three years,

from the time of opening the inheritance; if the time limit determined by the Court expires or the remaining party

If the heir is married to another person, the other heirs have the right to claim

"request the Court to divide the inheritance"(paragraph 2, Article 686 of the 2005 Civil Code).

To protect the livelihood of a surviving spouse or their family, in the event that the immediate division of the inheritance would cause serious harm,

In order to ensure the life of that person, the 2005 Civil Code stipulates that the wife or husband and family have the right to request the Court not to divide the inheritance for a certain period of time so that the wife or husband and their family can stabilize psychologically, healthily, economically, etc. For example: In the case where the surviving wife or husband is raising young children and has no other place to live, but the husband's parents still request to divide the inheritance. In this case, dividing the inheritance will cause difficulties for the life of the wife and the children of the couple, then at the request of the surviving wife or husband, the Court will determine the portion of the inheritance that each heir is entitled to but will not divide the inheritance for a certain period of time not exceeding three years from the time of opening the inheritance. This period is for the surviving person and their family to overcome the difficulties.

The restriction on inheritance division is terminated in the event that the period of restriction on inheritance division as determined by the court expires or the surviving spouse of the testator has married another person, then the heirs have the right to request the court to divide the inheritance.