Survey Area Characteristics and Interview Sample

Chapter 2 Summary

The results of the study provide theoretical basis and outline some related issues on social work services for men in reducing domestic violence. It points out related concepts of domestic violence, forms of domestic violence, and men who commit violence, including the concept of men who commit violence; Psychological characteristics of men who commit violence; Needs and difficulties of GBL men.

The thesis especially reveals the theoretical basis related to social work services with GBL men in reducing domestic violence on social work and social work with domestic violence; social work services and social work services with GBL men; group social work.

To assess the current status of social work services for men who commit domestic violence to reduce domestic violence, the thesis has revealed the contents of activities of 5 typical social work services for men who commit domestic violence, including: Communication and education services to raise awareness in preventing domestic violence; Employment support services for men who commit domestic violence; Legal consulting services for men who commit domestic violence; Individual psychological counseling services for men who commit domestic violence and Men's Clubs and groups of men who commit domestic violence.

In addition, the thesis also explores the theories applied in research on social work services with men to reduce domestic violence, including systems theory, cognitive behavioral theory, client-centered theory, and needs theory.

Finally, in the theoretical basis section, the researcher summarizes the factors affecting the ability of men to participate in social work services and the quality of social work services with men to reduce domestic violence, including factors related to GBL men themselves, social workers, communities, families, legal policies and finances. This is the basis for practical research and proposed solutions to improve the effectiveness of social work services with men to reduce domestic violence.

Chapter 3

CURRENT STATE OF SOCIAL WORK SERVICES FOR MALE COMMITTS OF VIOLENCE TO REDUCE DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN QUANG NINH PROVINCE

3.1 Characteristics of survey area and interview sample

3.1.1 Characteristics of the survey area

3.1.1.1 Quang Ninh Province and the situation of domestic violence

Quang Ninh is the northeasternmost province of the country, with plains, midlands, mountains, borders, and islands, with a natural area of ​​over 6,100 km2, of which: 87% is mainland, 13% is islands. With 14 administrative units including 04 cities, 02 towns and 08 districts with 186 communes, wards and towns. The ethnic minority and mountainous areas of the province include 112 communes and wards (including 54 disadvantaged communes and wards, including 21 extremely disadvantaged communes and 04 communes in the coastal areas). The province has a land border with China of 118.825 km long; along the border there are 10 communes (including 34 villages and hamlets) and 07 border wards. The population of Quang Ninh province is over 1.2 million people with 22 ethnic groups distributed and residing in 14 administrative units of the province.

Such natural geographical location has brought Quang Ninh province favorable conditions for economic development. The growth rate (GRDP) of the province in recent years has always reached over 10 / year, resulting in GDP per capita also reaching a high level compared to the national average. In 2010, GDP per capita reached 2,200 USD, by 2017 it had increased to over 4,050 USD/person; Quang Ninh's provincial competitiveness index (PCI) ranked 1st among 63 provinces and cities for the first time.

The province pays special attention to social security work: Social security expenditure in the 2011-2015 period was 4,690 billion VND, 2 times higher than the previous period, an increase of 10% over the same period. The National Target Program on New Rural Development has shifted from quantity to quality, associated with job creation to increase people's income and sustainably reduce poverty. Up to now, the poverty rate (according to the multidimensional poverty standard) has decreased by 1.14 (equivalent to 3,799 households) from 3.39 in 2016 (equivalent to 11,582 households) to 2.25 in 2017 (equivalent to 7,783 households), exceeding 0.44% of the annual plan; The rate of trained workers reached 71 (exceeding 0.5% of the annual plan); Creating additional jobs for 19,834 workers, reaching 104 of the annual plan; Training enrollment

vocational training for 34,400 people, reaching 104.24% of the annual plan. Continue to maintain 100 families of meritorious people with a living standard equal to or higher than the average living standard of the local residents; 100 communes and wards do a good job of war invalids, martyrs, and meritorious people; 100% of social protection beneficiaries enjoy social assistance policies and related social policies (Data 2019) [6].

Below is an overview of the situation of domestic violence in Quang Ninh province based on statistics from the Hotline Consulting Service 18001769:

From 2014 to June 2020, the Center has provided consultation for 843 cases related to marriage and family through the free consultation hotline 18001769, direct consultation at the Center and mobile consultation in the community. The Center's free consultation hotline 18001769 has been in operation since 2013 and has so far received over 700 calls related to marriage and family issues, of which about 500 calls were related to physical and mental violence in the family, with the callers being mainly victims (usually the wife) [51].

According to statistics of the People's Committee of Quang Ninh Province, within 10 years (from 2008 to 2018), there were 2,806 cases of domestic violence in the province. The number of domestic violence cases has tended to decrease in recent years, the perpetrators of violence are mostly men [51]. The reduction in domestic violence is an effort of Quang Ninh province in the work of preventing and combating domestic violence in recent years. With the view that investing in the family is investing in sustainable development, the province is interested in investing and mobilizing contributions from the whole society for family work and preventing and combating domestic violence. Every year, the province directs the development of programs, implementation plans, and strategies for developing Vietnamese families in accordance with the local situation. The Steering Committee for family work at all levels is regularly strengthened and issued operating regulations, assigning specific tasks to member sectors. Social work services supporting groups of victims of domestic violence and men with GBV are being implemented synchronously at all levels. Therefore, the work of preventing and combating domestic violence in the province has achieved positive results, contributing to reducing domestic violence.

3.1.1.2 Three survey locations and domestic violence situation in Ha Long City

Ha Long City is one of four cities of Quang Ninh province and is the capital, economic, political, cultural, commercial and service center of Quang Ninh province.

Ha Long has a particularly important position in Vietnam's socio-economic development strategy in trade relations and ensuring national defense and security; has favorable conditions to develop into a tourism center, a hub for industry, trade and transportation along the ASEAN - Vietnam - China economic corridor. Ha Long City was recognized by the Prime Minister as a type I urban area under Decision No. 1838/QD-TTg dated October 10, 2013. After arrangement and adjustment, the new Ha Long City has a natural area of ​​1,119.36 km2, a population of 300,267 people, and administrative units under Ha Long City include: 33 units, including 21 wards and 12 communes. The population is mainly concentrated in urban areas with 16 ethnic groups living together, of which the Kinh ethnic group accounts for 96%. In 2019, the service industry's production value reached 30,735 billion VND, the total social investment capital was estimated at 37,052 billion VND. The economic structure continued to shift in the right direction, with the service sector accounting for 57.6% (2018 data) [5].

Van Don District

Van Don is a mountainous island district located in the Northeast of the country, with more than 600 large and small islands with a natural land area of ​​551.33 km2, accounting for 9.3% of the total area of ​​Quang Ninh province, the sea area is 1,620 km2, formed by two archipelagos of Cai Bau (Ke Bao) and Van Hai. Of which, Cai Bau island is the largest at 17,212 hectares, including Cai Rong town and 6 communes. Van Don district has a natural land area of ​​55,133 hectares, including 600 large and small islands, of which more than 20 islands are inhabited. In 2018: All socio-economic indicators reached and exceeded the plan. Specifically: Aquaculture reached 114% over the same period; total budget revenue reached 282,161 billion VND (118.4% of the same period); The number of tourists increased by 16 compared to the same period in 2017. The strategic plans were basically completed; national defense and security were ensured. Tourism activities and state management of tourism were well implemented; continued to coordinate the implementation of the community tourism project on Quan Lan Island, develop a draft of the operating regulations for the Community Ecotourism Board, and provide training for members and the community participating in 2 discovery trips on Quan Lan Island (Data 2018) [5].

Hai Ha District

Hai Ha District is a mountainous border district bordering the sea to the Northeast of Quang Ninh Province, 150 km from Ha Long City, 40 km from Mong Cai International Border Gate. The North borders China, with a 22.8 km long border. The people

The main ethnic groups are Kinh, Dao, Tay, the rest are San Diu, San Chi, Nung, Muong, Thai, Cao Lan, Củi Chu and Chinese. Hai Ha district has 11 administrative units, including Quang Ha town and 10 communes. The population mainly lives on agriculture, forestry and fishery. Recently, they have gradually shifted to participate in industrial park labor, becoming workers and doing services and tourism.

The economy continues to grow at a high rate (31.95); the economic structure shifts in the right direction, gradually increasing the proportion of industry and services, gradually reducing the proportion of agriculture, forestry and fishery. Total social investment capital reached 10,315.2 billion VND (up 3.6% over the plan). The district's administrative reform index ranked 5th out of 14 localities in the province. People's lives have improved. In 2018, the whole district had 899 near-poor households (down 221 households, exceeding the plan by 30%), reducing the poverty rate from 6.55% to 5.0650. There are

2,347 workers were employed (exceeding the plan by 11.75%), of which the rate of trained workers reached 56.4 (exceeding the plan by 2%) (2018 data) [5].

3.1.2 Characteristics of survey sample

As described above, 300 male perpetrators participated in this survey. The baseline characteristics of the sample are as follows (Table 3.1).

Table 3.1: Description of male respondents (N=300)

STT

Characteristic	Criteria	Quantity	Proportion
1	Age	Under 40 years old	183	61
		Over 40 years old	117	39
2	Nation	Terrible	239	79.7
		Other ethnic groups	61	20.3
3	Place of residence	Van Don	100	33.3
		Hai Ha	91	30.3
		Ha Long	109	36.3
4	Education level	Junior high school and below	118	39.3
		High school	144	48
		College or higher	38	12.7
5	Average income /month of husband	Under 5 million	196	65.3
		Over 5 million	104	34.7
6	Average income /month of wife	Under 5 million	198	66
		Over 5 million	102	34

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• Characteristics of Survey Sample by Business Type
• Number and Composition of the Sample of Opinion Survey of High Schools in the Southeast Region
• Survey on the Quality of Local Characteristics
• Research on the Current Characteristics of Forest Resources and Factors Affecting Forest Resources Management in the National Park Area

3.2 Current status of domestic violence against women in 3 survey locations

The status of domestic violence was assessed through information provided by men participating in the survey. The study asked questions to assess the status of violent behavior of respondents towards their wives in the past 12 months by listing the behaviors and men could choose multiple options. The study measured each violent behavior, in which each violent behavior could belong to several different types of violence. Therefore, the total rate of the 4 violence groups did not equal 100%. Analyzing the answers chosen by men, the results showed that the status of male violence occurred in all 4 violence groups with a variety of different behaviors, in which mental violence was the most common form of violence used by men, followed by economic violence, physical violence and the least was sexual violence through observing chart 3.1 below.

Figure 3.1: Rate of men's violent behavior towards their wives in the past 12 months (%) (N=300)

Note: The study measured individual acts of violence, where each act of violence may belong to several different types of violence. Therefore, the total proportion of the four violence groups does not equal 100%.

The study analyzed the relationship between the level of violence between men and their wives and the socio-demographic characteristics of individuals and families. The results presented in Table 3.2 are explained as follows: Cells with * indicate a strong correlation between the socio-demographic characteristics of individuals and families.

with violent behavior of male respondents. The level of statistical significance is closer to the increasing level of *. The blank cells show that there is no strong correlation between the variables at the statistical significance level of 0.05.

The results showed that income, area of ​​residence and education level were closely related to the rate of violence against wives. Men with low income, representing a low standard of living in the family, had a significantly higher rate of violence against wives than the higher income group in all forms of violence against wives. In addition, men living in the mountainous district of Hai Ha had a much higher rate of violence than men living in the island district of Van Don. It is noteworthy that the rate of men committing violence against wives in Ha Long city was significantly higher than in Van Don island district and not much different from Hai Ha district. Men's education level determined the type of violence used against wives. Men with a high school education level or higher had significantly higher rates of emotional violence against wives than husbands with lower education, while men with lower education levels were more likely to use physical violence.

Table 3.2: Distribution of the proportion of types of domestic violence according to male characteristics (%)

(N=300)

Form of violence

Sexual violence god	Physical violence	Sexual violence	Economic violence
Male age		*
	Under 40 years old	62.8	21.9	29.5	43.7
	Over 40 years old	51.3	24.8	23.9	38.5
Living area		***		***	***
	Van Don	34 .0	19.0	12.0	24.0
	Hai Ha	71.4	27.5	38.5	47.3
	Ha Long	69.7	22.9	32.1	53.2
Education level		*	***
	College or higher	68.4	8.0	22.9	38.1
	High School	62.5	25.7	29.2	40.3
	Secondary school or higher down	50	81.6	34.2	57.9
Average income /month of husband		***	***	***	***
	Under 5 million	64.8	31.6	36.7	52.6
	Over 5 million	35.2	6.7	9.6	21.2

Statistical significance level: * p <0.05; ** p<0.01; ***p<0.001

Below are detailed analyses for each group of violent behaviors:

3.2.1 Mental violence

According to the survey results, the most violent behavior that men use is mental violence, with 58.3% of people committing this behavior. The results of in-depth interviews with officials, leaders, social workers and related responsible officials all assessed that mental violence is the most common and most common of the 4 groups of violence in all 3 surveyed localities in particular and Quang Ninh province in general. Explaining this, Ms. LT.HT - Head of Gender Equality Department, Department of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs of Quang Ninh province said: ― As the economy develops and society becomes more civilized, people will also become more civilized. Therefore, the occurrence of physical violence will decrease while mental violence will increase, affecting the psychological and emotional aspects inside people more. Currently, mental violence is increasing and becoming more prominent in the spiritual life of families. Due to the pressure of secondary relationships in the family, children's illness at school, or stress at work directly affects the psychology of husband and wife in the family, so sometimes small things become big and hurt each other, so the current situation of women in the family suffering from depression is very high. As you can see, the online world develops Facebook, Zalo are tools for wives and husbands to relieve their anger with status lines, pictures, videos.."

Figure 3.2: Rate of men's acts of mental violence against their wives in the past 12 months (%) (N=300)