+ SM 321 DI16 24VDC
6ES 7321-7BH00-0AB0
Input voltage to DI port is: 16(24VDC
+ SM 321 DI16(48 to 125 VDC
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Car body electrical practice - 8
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If the voltage is out of specification, replace the wire or connector.
If the voltage is within specification, install the front fog light relay and follow step 5.
Step 5 Check the front fog light switch
- Remove the D4 connector of the fog light switch
- Use a multimeter to measure the resistance of the front fog light switch.
Measurement location
Condition
Standard
D4-3 (BFG) -D4-4 (LFG)
Light switchFront Fog OFF
>10kΩ
D4-3 (BFG) -D4-4 (LFG)
Front fog light switchON
<1 Ω
- Standard resistor
D4 connector is located on the combination switch assembly.
If the resistance is out of specification, replace the combination switch (the fog light switch is located in the combination switch).
If the resistance is within specification, follow step 6.
Step 6 Check wiring and connectors (front fog light relay-light selector switch)
- Disconnect connector D4 of the combination switch assembly
- Use a voltmeter to measure the voltage value of jack D4 on the wire side.
Measurement location
Control modecontrol
Standard
D4-3 (BFG) - (-) AQ
TAIL
11 to 14 V
D4 connector for the wiring of the combination switch assembly
If the voltage does not meet the standard, replace the wire or connector.
If the voltage is within standard, there may have been an error in the previous measurements.
Step 7 Check the front fog lights
- Remove the front fog light electrical connector.
- Supply battery voltage to the fog lamp terminals
Jack 8, B9 of front fog lamp on the electrical side
blind first.
Power supply location
Terms and Conditions
Battery positive terminal - Terminal 2Battery negative terminal - Terminal 1
Fog lightsbefore morning
- If the light does not come on, replace the bulb.
If the light is on, re-plug the jack and continue to step 8.
Step 8 Check wiring and connectors (relay and front fog lights)
- Disconnect the B8 and B9 connectors of the front fog lights.
- Use a voltmeter to measure voltage at the following locations:
Measurement location
Switch location
Terms and Conditions
B8-2 - (-) AQ
Electric lock ON TAIL size switchFog switch ON
11 to 14 V
B9-2 - (-) AQ
Electric lock ONTAIL size switch Fog switch ON
11 to 14 V
B8 and B9 connectors on the front fog lamp wiring side
Voltage is not up to standard, repair or replace the jack. If up to standard, there may have been an error in the measurement process.
2.2.4. Procedure for removing, installing and adjusting fog lights 1. Procedure for removing
- Remove the front inner ear pads
Use a screwdriver to remove the 3 screws and remove the front part of the front inner ear liner
-Remove the fog light assembly
+ Disconnect the connector.
+ Use a screwdriver to remove 3 screws to remove the fog light cover
2. Installation sequence
-Rotate the fog lamp bulb in the direction indicated by the arrow as shown in the figure and remove the fog lamp from the fog lamp assembly.
-Rotate the fog light bulb in the direction indicated by the arrow as shown in the figure and install the light into the fog light assembly.
- Use a screwdriver to install the fog light cover
-Install the electrical connector
Attention: Be careful not to damage the plastic thread on the lamp assembly.
- Install the front inner ear pads
Use a screwdriver to install the front inner bumper with 3 screws.
3. Prepare the vehicle to adjust the fog light convergence. Prepare the vehicle:
- Make sure there is no damage or deformation to the vehicle body around the fog lights.
- Add fuel to the fuel tank
- Add oil to standard level.
- Add engine coolant to standard level.
- Inflate the tire to standard pressure.
- Place spare tire, tools and jack in original design position
- Do not leave any load in the luggage compartment.
- Let a person weighing about 75 kg sit in the driver's seat.
4. Prepare to check the fog light convergence
a/ Prepare the vehicle status as follows:
- Place the car in a dark enough place to see the lines. The lines are the dividing line, below which the light from the fog lights can be seen but above which it cannot.
- Place the car perpendicular to the wall.
- Keep a distance of 7.62 m between the center of the fog lamp and the wall.
- Park the car on level ground.
- Press the car down a few times to stabilize the suspension.
Note: A distance of approximately 7.62 m is required between the vehicle (fog lamp center) and the wall to adjust the convergence correctly. If the distance of 7.62 m cannot be achieved, set the correct distance of 3 m to check and adjust the fog lamp convergence. (Since the target area varies with the distance, please follow the instructions as shown in the figure.)
b/ Prepare a piece of thick white paper about 2 m high and 4 m wide to use as a screen.
c/ Draw a vertical line through the center of the screen (line V).
d/ Set the screen as shown in the picture. Note:
- Keep the screen perpendicular to the ground.
- Align the V line on the screen with the center of the vehicle.
e/Draw the reference lines (H, V LH and V RH lines) on the screen as shown in the figure.HINT:
Mark the center of the fog lamp on the screen. If the center mark cannot be seen on the fog lamp, use the center of the fog lamp or the manufacturer's name mark on the fog lamp as the center mark.
H line (fog light height):
Draw a line across the screen so that it passes through the center mark. Line H should be at the same height as the center mark of the fog light bulb.
Line V LH, V RH (center mark position of left fog lamp LH and right fog lamp RH):
Draw two lines so that they intersect line H at the center marks.
5. Check the fog light convergence
a/ Cover the fog lamp or remove the connector of the other side fog lamp to prevent light from the unchecked fog lamp from affecting the fog lamp convergence test.
b/ Start the engine.
c/ Turn on the fog lights and make sure that the dividing line is outside the standard area as shown in the drawing.
6. Adjust the fog light convergence
Use a screwdriver to adjust the fog light to the standard area by turning the toe adjustment screw.
Note: If the screw is adjusted too far, loosen it and then tighten it again, so that the last rotation of the light adjustment screw is clockwise.
3. Self-study questions
1. Describe the operating principle of the lighting system with automatic headlight function
2. Describe the operating principle of the lighting system with the function of rotating headlights when turning
3. Draw diagram and connect lighting system on Hyundai Porter car
4. Draw diagram and connect lighting system on Honda Accord 1992
5. Draw the lighting circuit on a 1993 Toyota Lexus
LESSON 3 MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF SIGNAL SYSTEM
I. IMPLEMENTATION GOAL
After completing this lesson, students will be able to:
- Distinguish between types of signals on cars
- Correctly describe common symptoms and suspected areas causing damage.
- Connecting signal circuits ensures technical requirements
- Disassemble, install, check, maintain and repair the signal system to ensure technical requirements.
- Ensure safety in work and industrial hygiene
II. LESSON CONTENT
1. General description
The signal system equipped on cars aims to create signals to notify other vehicles participating in traffic about the vehicle's operating status such as: stopping, parking, braking, reversing, turning...
Signals are used either by light such as headlamps, brake lights, turn signals….. or by sound such as horns, reverse music….
Just like the lighting system. A signal system circuit usually consists of: battery, fuse, wire, relay, electrical load and control switch. Only some switches of the signal system are on the combination switch. The switches of other signals are usually located in different locations such as in the gearbox or brake pedal……
2. Maintenance and repair
2.1. Turn signals and hazard lights
The installation location of the turn signal is shown in Figure 3.1. The turn signal control switch is located in the combination switch under the steering wheel. Turning this switch to the right or left will make the turn signal turn right or left.
The hazard light switch is used when the vehicle has a problem while participating in traffic. When the hazard light switch is turned on, all the turn signals on the vehicle will light up at a certain frequency. The hazard light switch is usually placed separately from the turn signal switch (some old cars integrate the hazard and turn signal switches on the same combination switch cluster).
Figure 3.1 Turn signal switch Figure 3.2 Hazard switch
The part that generates the flashing frequency for the lights is called a turn signal relay. The turn signal relay usually has 3 terminals: B (positive power supply); E (negative power supply); L (providing the turn signal switch to distribute to the
lamp)
2.1.1. Circuit diagram
To generate the frequency for the turn signal, a turn signal relay is used in the turn signal circuit. The current from the turn signal relay will be sent to the turn signal switch assembly to distribute the current to the turn signal lights for the driver's purpose.
Figure 3.3. Schematic diagram of a turn signal circuit without a hazard switch
1. Battery; 2. Electric lock; 3. Turn signal relay; 4. Turn signal switch; 5. Turn signal lamp; 6. Turn signal lamp; 7. Hazard switch
Figure 3.4 Schematic diagram of turn signal circuit with hazard switch
1. Battery; 2. Combination switch cluster; 3. Turn signal;
4. Turn signal light; 5. Turn signal relay
Today's cars no longer use three-pin turn signal relays (B, L, E) but use eight-pin turn signal relays (figure 3.5) (pin number 8 is used for hazard lights).
For this type, the current supplying the turn signal lights is supplied directly from the turn signal relay to the lights.
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Internal control of revenue and expenditure activities at the National Children's Hospital - 2 -
Evaluation of Training Activities of Chu Lai Truong Hai Composite Production Company Through Survey of the Company's Employees -
Internal control of revenue and expenditure activities at the National Children's Hospital - 5 -
Current Status of Completing Internal Control System at Vietnam's State-owned Enterprises According to COSO International Standards
6ES7 321-1CH80-0AB0
The input voltage to the DI port is:16(48 to 125 VDC
+ SM 321 DI16 AC120V
6ES7 321-1EH01-0AB0
Input voltage to DI port is: 16(120VAC
+ SM 321 DI16 DC24V
6ES7 321-7BH80-0AB0
Input voltage to DI port is: 16(24VDC
+ SM 321 DI8 AC120/230V
6ES7 321-1FF10-0AB0
Input voltage to DI port is:8(120/230 VDC
+ SM 321DI4 Manue,Ex
6ES7 321-7RD0-0AB0
The voltage to the DI port is: 16(24DC
Figure 3.5: Image of digital input module of PLC S7-300
- DO Module (Digital Input): DO Module is a module that expands digital output ports, the number of expanded digital output ports can be 8, 16, 32 depending on the type of module, there are the following DO types:
+ SM 322 DO16 AC120V/0.5A
6ES7 322-1EH01-0AB0
DO port input voltage is: 16 (120VAC/0.5A)
+ SM 322 DO16 RelAC120V
6ES7 322-1HH00-0AB0
DO port input voltage is: 24VDC/2A, 120V/2A
+ SM 322 DO16 RelAC120V/230V
6ES7 322-1HH01-0AB0
DO port input voltage is: 16 Rel24VDC/2A, 120V/2A, 230V/2A
+ SM 322 DO32 AC 120V/1A
6ES7 322-1EL00-0AB0
DI port input voltage is: 32(120VAC/1A
Figure 3.6: Image of digital output port module of PLC S7-300
- DI/DO module: This is a type of module that expands digital input and output ports. The number of digital input and output ports can be 8 inputs, 8 outputs or 16 inputs, 16 outputs depending on the type of module. There are the following types:
+ SM 323 DI16/DO16 24V/0.5A
6ES7 323-1BL00-0AB0
The input voltage to DI/DO port is:DI16(24+DO16(24V/0.5A
+ SM 323 DI8/DO8 24V/0.5A
6ES7 323-1BH00-0AB0
6ES7 323-1BH01-0AB0
6ES7 323-1BH02-0AB0
6ES7 323-1BH80-0AB0
The input voltage to DI/DO port is:DI8(24+DO8(24V/0.5A
Figure 3.7: Image of digital input/output port module of PLC S7-300
- AI (Analog Input) Module: AI (analog input) module is a type of module that expands analog input ports. It is a 12-bit analog-to-digital converter, meaning that each analog signal is converted into a 12-bit digital signal. The number of analog input ports can be 2, 4 or 8 depending on the type of module.
- AO module (Analog output): AO module is a module that expands analog output ports. They are digital-to-analog converters (DA). The number of analog ports can be 2 or 4 depending on the module.
AO modules come in many varieties. For example:
+ 6ES7 332-5TB00-0AB0
Analog output module AO2x0/4 to 20mA
+ 6ES7 332-5HB00-0AB0
Analog output module AO2/12 bits,
+ 6ES7 332-5HB81-0AB0
Analog output module AO2/12 bits,
+ 6ES7 332-5HB01-0AB0
Analog output module AO2/12 bits
+ 6ES7 332-5RD00-0AB0
Analog output module AO4x0/4 to 20mA, 15 bits, [EEx ib]
+ 6ES7 332-5HD00-0AB0
Analog output module AO4/12 bits
+ 6ES7 332-5HD01-0AB0
Analog output module AO4/12 bits
+ 6ES7 332-7ND00-0AB0
Analog output module 4AO/16 bits
Figure 3.8: Image of analog output port module of PLC S7-300
- AI/AO module: Is a module that expands analog input/output ports. The number of analog output ports can be 4in/2out or 4in/4out depending on the type of module. AI/AO modules include many types. For example:
+ 6ES7 334-0KE00-0AB0: Analog I/O module AI4/12 bits + 2AO/12 bits
+ 6ES7 334-0KE80-0AB0: Analog I/O module AI4/12 bits + AO2/12 bits
+ 6ES7 334-0CE00-0AA0: Analog I/O module AI4/8 bits + 2AO/8 bits, non-isolated, not for configuration with active bus submodules
+ 6ES7 334-0CE01-0AA0: Analog I/O module AI4/8 bits + AO2/8 bits
+ 6ES7 335-7HG00-0AB0: Analog I/O module AI4/14 bits + 4AO/12 bits
+ 6ES7 335-7HG01-0AB0: Analog I/O module AI4/14 bits + AO4/12 bits
e. FM function module (Function Module): Module with separate control function, for example stepper motor control module, servo motor control module, PID module, closed loop control module...
Figure 3.9: Image of FM module of PLC S7-300
g. CP (Communication) Module: module that serves communication in the network between PLCs or between PLCs and computers.
Figure 3.10: Image of CP module of PLC S7-300
3.2.3. CPU memory structure
The S7-300 memory is divided into 3 main areas:
1. Application program storage area. The program memory area is divided into 3 regions:
- OB (Organisation bok) Organizational program memory
- FC (Function): Program memory is organized into functions with formal variables to exchange data with the program that called it.
- FB (Function block): Subprogram memory area, organized into functions that can exchange data with any other program block. This data must be built into a separate data block (called DB - Data block)
2. The area containing parameters of the operating system and application programs, divided into 7 different areas, including
- I (Process image input) : Digital input port data domain. Before starting to execute the program, PCL will read the logic values of the input ports and store them in the I memory area. Normally, the application program does not directly read the logic status of the input port but only gets the input port data from the I memory.
- Q (Process image output): Buffer memory area of digital output ports. At the end of the program execution phase, PCL will transfer the logic value of the Q buffer to the
digital output port. Normally the program does not directly assign values to the output port but only transfers them to the Q buffer.
- M: flag variable domain. The application program uses this memory area to store necessary parameters and can access it by bits (M), bytes (MB), words (MW) or double words (MD).
- T: The memory area serving the timer includes storing the preset time value (PV – Preset value), the current time value (CV – Current value) as well as the time logic value of the timer.
- C: Counter memory area includes storing preset value (PV – Preset value), current counter value (CV – Current value) as well as counter time logic value
- PI: Input port address range of analog modules (I/O External intput). Analog values at the input port of the analog module will be read and converted automatically by the module according to the addresses. The application program can access the PI memory range by bytes (PIB), by word (PIW) or by double word (PID).
- PQ: Address range for similar modules. Application programs can access PQ memory by bytes (PQB), by word (PQW) or by double word (PQD).
3. The data volume containers are divided into two types.
- DB (Data block) : Domain containing data organized into blocks. The size and number of blocks are determined by the user to suit each control problem. The program can access this domain by bits (DBX), bytes (DBB), bytes (DBW) or double words (DBD).
- L ( Local data block ) Local data area, organized and used by program blocks OB, FC, FB for immediate draft variables and exchanging formal variable data with program blocks that called it. The contents of some data in this memory area are cleared when the corresponding program in OB, FC, FB ends. This area can be accessed from the program by bits (L), bytes (LB), words (LW) or double words (LD).
3.3. STEP 7 software
3.3.1. Functions of STEP 7 software
- Declare hardware configuration for a PLC station belonging to the Simatic S7-300/400 family
- Build a network configuration of multiple S7-300/400 PLC stations as well as communication procedures between them.
- Draft and install control programs for one or more stations.
- Observe the execution of a control program in a PLC station and debug the program.
In addition, Step 7 also has a complete library with useful standard functions, a very powerful Online help section that can answer all user questions about how to use Step 7, about command syntax in programming, about building a hard configuration of a station, of a network of many PLC stations...
3.3.2. Programming language
PLCs in general often have many programming languages to serve different users. PLC Step 7-300 has 3 basic programming languages:
- Statement list language -STL Statement list. This is a programming language.
computer program. A program is composed of many commands according to a certain algorithm, each command occupies a line and has the common structure "Command name" + "operand".
- Ladder logic language – LAD. This is a graphical language suitable for those familiar with designing logic control circuits.
- FBD (function block diagram) language. This is also a graphic language for people who are used to designing digital control circuits.
STL language includes both LAD and FBD languages, LAD or FBD can be converted to STL but not vice versa. In STL there are many commands that are not available in LAD or FBD.