Research Works Abroad and Domestically Related to Thesis Topic

Proposing solutions for managing physical education activities for students at universities in Hanoi city according to quality assurance approach.

The research results of the thesis are the basis for managers and school management levels to refer to and apply in managing physical education activities for students at universities, and at the same time are reference materials for studying, teaching, and scientific research at universities.

7. Theoretical and practical significance of the thesis

Theoretical significance

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The thesis contributes to systematizing and developing theories on managing physical education activities for university students according to the quality assurance approach.

Systematize and analyze the concepts of physical education; physical education at university; management of physical education activities at university; management of physical education activities at universities according to the quality assurance approach.

On the basis of generalizing the quality assurance approach principle according to the CIPO theoretical model as a basis for proposing solutions to manage vocational education activities for students at universities in Hanoi according to the quality assurance approach.

Practical significance

Research on the practice of managing physical education activities at universities in Hanoi. Identify the causes, achievements and limitations in managing physical education activities at universities in Hanoi today.

Proposing suitable and feasible solutions for managing vocational education activities to ensure and gradually improve the quality of vocational education activities at universities in Hanoi according to a quality assurance approach, meeting the needs of human resource development in today's society.

8. Structure of the thesis

The thesis includes: Introduction, 4 chapters (14 sections), conclusion and recommendations, works of the author, list of references and appendix.

Chapter 1

OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH RELATED TO THE TOPIC

1.1. Research works abroad and domestically related to the thesis topic

1.1.1. Research works on physical education and physical education activities in universities

In the world, physical education has been determined since the appearance of mankind. During this period, people acquired empirical knowledge about the influence of movements on the results of labor practice. From the accumulation of that empirical knowledge, awareness of the effectiveness of training and awareness of means of transmitting experience arose. That was one of the premises for the appearance of physical exercises and with it the birth of physical education activities.

General characteristics of physical education in clan society. Physical education in this period was mainly activities to develop muscles in terms of speed, strength, and endurance. The purpose of people participating in physical training exercises was simply to show off the power and strength of the tribes, to expand the territory, and to improve physical qualities only focused on educating courage and qualities of will. Sports developed: running, jumping, throwing, wrestling, carrying heavy objects and games. This objectively reflected the positive nature of people under the classless clan regime, but proved that human potential was endless: maintaining cultural development, improving the natural environment, improving labor productivity..., in which physical training and sports played a key role.

Characteristics of the physical education system in Eastern countries in ancient times. This period mainly consisted of military training and physical training such as speed, strength, endurance and dexterity... and skills.

use of weapons. Classes began to appear, class society. The powerful aristocracy used the physical education system to serve the ruling class. Slaves did not have their own physical education, if they did, it was only for the purpose of physical training to work and participate in the military to serve the slave owners. In countries like China and India, forms of physical education were used to treat and prevent diseases.

Characteristics of the physical education system in Sparta. It was a more backward state than Athens. The economy relied on nature but they attached great importance to the military, and had strong military potential: Physical education was focused on from a young age, when children were born they had to be taken to the village elder. Healthy children would be raised, sick children would be eliminated. Boys were only educated in their families until the age of 7, from the age of 7 they had to be educated separately. At the age of 14 they were trained as military advisors and used weapons. Girls were also trained like boys to give birth to healthy children.

Characteristics of the physical education system in Athens. Athens is the name of a progressive country in the fields of Economy - Culture - Military ... healthy and educated people. Children under 7 years old are educated at home, from 7 to 14 years old they study at grammar school and learn physical education. From 16 years old they go to physical education (strict) and militarize physical education. The purpose of physical education is to train warriors, the means of physical education are 5 combined sports (running, jumping, discus throwing, javelin throwing, wrestling). Physical education in the form of physical exercises is also called gymnastics, the content is divided into 3 parts:

Dance exercises, music, drums, games: Tug of war, running, chasing, balancing... are often used for children.

Exercises (Running, jumping, discus throwing, javelin throwing, wrestling) Pentathlon: The purpose of training is to develop strength, speed, endurance, and dexterity, contributing to improving physical fitness, helping the body to have endurance and flexibility in long marches to win the war to protect the nation and expand the territory [19].

The method of physical education was formed through experience. At this stage, philosophers, educators and doctors did not understand the laws of body function and could not explain the mechanism of physical exercises. Therefore, people evaluated the effectiveness of physical exercises based on external results: speed, strength and technical skills. Compared to many countries, the method of physical education in ancient Greece was the most famous. This method combined the solutions for training and developing speed and strength into a unified system. In the Middle Ages, the number of methods increased, and the first textbooks on physical education, swimming, games and archery appeared.

People acquire empirical knowledge about the influence of movements on the results of labor practice. From the accumulation of such empirical knowledge, awareness of the effectiveness of training and awareness of the means of transmitting experience arise. This is one of the premises for the appearance of sports exercises and sports activities.

Pedagogical ideas on physical education and sports were developed until the end of the 19th century. The development of human science, education and upbringing, and medical treatment stimulated philosophers, educators, and physicians to pay attention to the issue of physical education. At this stage, theoretical foundations were formed that laid the foundation for the development of physical education science in the later stages.

From the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, the science of physical education was strongly developed, forming the Theory and Method of Physical Education as an independent science. Russian scholar P. Ph. Lexgáp (1837 - 1909) laid the foundation for modern Physical Education Theory as an independent science from his works on history, anatomy, biology, pedagogy, theory and method of physical education.

Based on the dialectical scientific viewpoint, P.Ph.Lexgap built a theoretical basis for education, in which the theory of physical education plays a major role. He studied the system of physical exercises, the hygienic and health significance of physical exercises. He believed that the basis for choosing physical exercises must take into account the anatomical, physiological and psychological characteristics, the gradual level of difficulty and diversity of physical exercises. He systematically studied physical exercises to develop the human body comprehensively and properly. Physical development is related to the development of intelligence, aesthetic ethics and labor activities. It can be considered that P.Ph.Lexgap was the first person to identify the process of performing physical exercises as a unified process between mental and physical perfection.

P.Ph.Lexgáp considered educating the attitude of self-discipline in performing work with little effort and the effort to overcome obstacles as the basic task in teaching physical exercises. He emphasized the meaning of the words towards self-discipline, not mechanical imitation. It requires teachers to prepare and conduct lessons systematically. During the process, teachers need to gradually increase physical endurance, change physical exercises and diversify.

Based on the theory of P. Ph. Lexgap - a solid foundation for the development of the theoretical science of physical education, Gorinevsky (1857 - 1937) clarified P. Ph. Lexgap's doctrine on physical education. His activities took place during the 80s - 90s of the 19th century and continued for 20 years after the October Revolution in Russia. He studied the hygiene of physical exercises and therapeutic gymnastics. He was the founder of medical and educational examinations in physical education and sports training classes. He identified the characteristics of physical education in different stages of human life.

If P. Ph. Lexgáp is considered the founder of physical education science in Russia, laying the scientific foundation of physical education for the younger generation, then the successor of his career

Gorinevsky developed that science based on the age-specific characteristics of physical education with new research and new requirements of socialism [52].

In Vietnam, improving students' physical fitness and health has been one of the strategic goals of the Party, the State, and the education and training sector of our country up to now. To achieve the goal of comprehensive education at all levels, it is necessary to attach importance to physical education in schools. In fact, physical education in schools contributes to training and nurturing the future generations of the country, providing human resources with health, education and morality for the cause of building and defending the Fatherland.

Up to now, there have been a series of works and doctoral theses researching on physical education in universities mentioning the factors related to physical education in universities. Some typical works can be cited:

In the thesis Building the content and form of organizing extracurricular sports activities of students at some universities in Ho Chi Minh City, Nguyen Duc Thanh (2012) [47] correctly assessed the current situation of extracurricular sports training of students at 20 universities in Ho Chi Minh City, which is that training is not regular, training content is spread over many subjects, training forms are scattered, training is spontaneous, not strictly managed, lacks direction and has not become a movement; besides, there are many difficulties hindering extracurricular sports activities of students, especially in terms of facilities serving training, there is a lack of specialized instructors. The thesis selected 05 sports suitable for students' interests and conditions. The basic training forms for students are clubs, class groups, and talent teams.

Through the study of solutions and evaluation of the effectiveness of physical education according to the credit system for students of physical education college of Hong Duc Thanh Hoa University , Nguyen Van Toan (2013) [53] has evaluated the actual performance.

training of college students majoring in Physical Education of the Faculty of Physical Education of Hong Duc Thanh Hoa University in the transition period from the year-based training method to the credit-based training method. In this thesis, the author has selected 03 solutions to improve the effectiveness of training under the credit system of the Faculty of Physical Education of Hong Duc Thanh Hoa University such as: (1) Solutions on the mechanism of organizing and managing training activities suitable to the characteristics of the credit system; (2) Solutions on perfecting the process of organizing regular and mid-term assessment activities under the credit system; (3) Solutions on organizing extracurricular activities to promote students' self-study of physical education subjects.

When studying some physical development solutions to improve the results of technical practice in sports in the training program for students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports of Hai Phong University , Do Dinh Quang (2013) [43] assessed the physical condition of students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports of Hai Phong University. The author identified 06 factors affecting the physical development of students such as: the number of practical hours in the program is low, the number and quality of teachers, especially low quality teachers, inadequate physical education and sports facilities, slow innovation of teaching methods, a large number of students have not identified the correct purpose and role of physical education and sports, and the professional management of the faculty is still limited. In addition, the thesis proposed 07 solutions that have created a positive effect in physical development, improving the health of technical practice in sports for students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports of Hai Phong University.

With the research work Assessing the current situation and solutions to improve the effectiveness of physical education and sports activities in general schools in Da Nang, Vo Van Vu (2014) [61] assessed the current situation in physical education and school sports activities; from there, proposed a number of solutions to improve

Effective physical education and sports activities in schools, focusing on innovating subject content and programs towards increasing elective hours, and building sports club models towards socialization.

The thesis Researching solutions to improve the quality of physical education for students of universities in Vinh city by Van Dinh Cuong (2016) [9] assessed the current status of physical education work of universities in Vinh city, assessed the shortcomings and limitations in terms of facilities, training program framework, unreasonable teaching organization, remuneration for lecturers not following State documents, the number of students participating in extracurricular sports activities is still low, student sports competitions organized by universities are still few, the general physical strength of students has not met the physical assessment standards of the Ministry of Education and Training. The thesis studied the theoretical basis, practice, legal basis, especially interviewed experts and teachers directly teaching physical education at universities in Vinh city. The thesis selected 06 groups of solutions, with 22 appropriate solutions to improve physical education work at universities in Vinh city, Nghe An province.

In the work Researching solutions to improve the quality of physical education at member schools of Ho Chi Minh City National University, author Hoang Ha (2016) [26] has conducted in-depth research and evaluation of the current status of physical education at member schools of Ho Chi Minh City National University in terms of conditions (facilities, staff, programs, and attention from the Board of Directors). The thesis has built a scale for evaluating students, lecturers, and managers on physical education for member schools of Ho Chi Minh City National University. From there, 6 groups of solutions have been built, with 24 suitable solutions to improve the quality of physical education at member schools of Ho Chi Minh City National University. In addition, the thesis has built a new physical education program that meets the needs of students and is suitable for practical conditions, providing

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