HANOI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
CENTER FOR NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH
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LA NGOC ANH
RESEARCH ON CONSERVATION OF WETTLELAND ECOSYSTEM IN THUNG NHAM, NINH HAI COMMUNE, HOA LU DISTRICT,
NINH BINH PROVINCE TO SERVE ECO-TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Major: Environment and Sustainable Development (Pilot Training Program)
MASTER'S THESIS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
SCIENTIFIC INSTRUCTOR:
Assoc.Prof.Dr. LE DIEN DUC
Hanoi – 2015
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Assigned by the Center for Environmental Resources Research - Hanoi National University, with the consent of the supervisor, Associate Professor, Dr. Le Dien Duc and the director of Doanh Sinh Trade and Tourism Services Joint Stock Company, I have carried out the topic "Research on conservation of wetland ecosystems in Thung Nham, Ninh Hai commune, Hoa Lu district, Ninh Binh province to serve the development of ecotourism"
To complete my graduation thesis, I would like to express my sincere thanks to the teachers in the Center for Environmental Resources Research who have wholeheartedly taught and imparted knowledge to me during my time studying at the school. In particular, I would like to express my deep gratitude to Dr. Le Dien Duc - who has directly guided, wholeheartedly helped and encouraged me personally during the process of writing my master's thesis. I would also like to thank Doanh Sinh Trade and Tourism Services Joint Stock Company for creating favorable conditions for me to conduct internships, investigate, collect data and documents necessary for the research of my master's thesis. I would like to sincerely thank the brothers and sisters in the Company for their enthusiastic help during my internship here. Although I have tried my best, the thesis report may not be free from shortcomings. I sincerely hope that teachers and all friends will give comments to improve the topic. I wish you good health and success in your career of training the next generation of intellectuals in the future. I also wish all of you at Doanh Sinh Trade and Tourism Services Joint Stock Company success, especially in the process of preserving and developing the ecosystem in Thung Nham.
Thanks again!
Date month year 2016
Author
La Ngoc Anh
COMMITMENT
To complete this graduation thesis, I have consulted some documents related to the Wetlands major in general and Ecotourism in particular. I hereby certify that this topic is done by me, the data collected and the results analyzed in the topic are honest, the topic does not overlap with any scientific research topic. The reference information in the thesis is specifically cited with the source used.
Date month year 2016
Author
La Ngoc Anh
INDEX
. Page
Thanks i
Pledge ii
Table of Contents iii
List of symbols, abbreviations and acronyms
Image Catalog… vi
List of tables… en
Opening 1
CHAPTER 1. RESEARCH OVERVIEW
1.1. Theoretical basis of wetlands and ecotourism 5
1.1.1. Concept of wetlands… 5
1.1.2. Concept of ecotourism 5
1.1.3. Some other concepts 6
1.2. Current status of wetlands and ecotourism in the world and in Vietnam 7
1.2.1. Current status of wetlands 7
1.2.2. Current status of ecotourism 18
1.2.3. Status of bird gardens 23
CHAPTER 2. LOCATION, TIME, METHODOLOGY AND RESEARCH METHODS
2.1. Location, time and research subjects 27
2.2. Methodology 27
2.2.1. Ecosystem approach. 27
2.2.2. Community-based conservation management approach 27
2.2.3. Approach to wise use of wetlands. 29
2.3. Research methods… 29
2.3.1. Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) method. 29
2.3.1.1. Structured interview tools. 30
2.3.1.2. In-depth interview tools. 30
2.3.4. SWOT analysis… 32
CHAPTER 3. RESEARCH RESULTS
3.1 General overview of wetlands and ecotourism in Thung Nham 32
3.1.1 General overview of Thung Nham 32 Tourist Area
3.1.2. Description of the wetland area of Thung Nham Ecotourism Area 40
3.2. Conservation work at Thung Nham 42
3.2.1. Conservation activities have been and are being carried out at 42
3.2.2. People's awareness of ecosystem conservation 44
3.2.3. Inadequacies in conservation work at Thung Nham 45
3.3. Ecotourism activities at Thung Nham Ecotourism Area 46
3.3.1. General overview of tourism services in Thung Nham 46
3.3.2. Ecotourism based on wetland resources in Thung Nham 49
3.3.3. Comparison of criteria for DLST in business activities
Travel at Thung Nham 49 Tourist Area
3.3.4. Impact of tourism activities 50
3.4. Analysis of stakeholders in the conservation of wetland ecosystems in Thung Nham 51
3.5. Household economic analysis for the residential community of Hai Nham village 62
3.6. SWOT analysis to develop a wetland ecosystem conservation program to serve ecotourism development in Thung Nham 64
3.7. Proposing solutions for conservation and development of wetland ecosystems
Ecotourism in Thung Nham 65
3.7.1. Proposing solutions to conserve wetland ecosystems 65
3.7.2. Proposing solutions to develop DLST 68
CONCLUSION 75
RECOMMENDATION 76
REFERENCES 77
APPENDIX 79
Appendix 1. Some pictures from the field… 80
Appendix 2. Interview participants… 86
Appendix 3. Types of wetlands according to the Ramsar Convention… 88
Appendix 4. Criteria system for assessing and recognizing DLST scores in Vietnam….89
Appendix 5. Semi-structured interview form 90
Appendix 6. List of flora and fauna in Thung Nham… 92
LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Wetlands Wetlands
Biodiversity Biodiversity
DLST Ecotourism
Tourist Area
KDLST Ecotourism Area Ecosystem
Industrial Park Industrial Park
IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature VNU Hanoi Vietnam National University of Science and Technology Natural Science and Technology
Decision Decision
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Science and Technology Science and Technology
RAMSAR Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, Especially as Waterfowl Habitat
UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization TCN Industry Standards
Mekong Delta Mekong Delta
LIST OF IMAGES
Figure 3.1. Location of the study area on the map of Ninh Binh province 32
Figure 3.2. Panoramic view of Thung Nham Ecotourism Area from satellite image… 35
Figure 3.3. Location of Thung Nham Tourist Area on the map of Ninh Hai commune 36
Figure 3.4. Map of tourist attractions at Thung Nham Ecotourism Area 48
Figure 3.5. Influence and importance of each stakeholder… 53
Figure 3.6. Relationship between Thung Nham Ecotourism Area and residents, tourists... 57
LIST OF TABLES
Table 3.1. Summary of some statistical indicators of Ninh Hai commune over the years 38
Table 3.2. Ninh Hai commune labor in commerce, hotels, individual restaurants 39
Table 3.3. Individual commercial establishments, hotels, restaurants
Ninh Hai commune over the years 39
Table 3.4. High school students of all levels (I, II) in Ninh Hai commune over the years 39
Table 3.5. Comparison of tourism criteria of Thung Nham Ecotourism Area… 49
Table 3.6. Stakeholders and roles in the research topic 52
Table 3.7. Coordination with relevant parties… 54
Table 3.8. SWOT analysis at Thung Nham… 64