President Ho Chi Minh Memorial Area K9

is Doc Mong waterfall. [2]

2.2.1.5.Dam Long Tourist Area

Bang Ta - Dam Long primeval forest tourist area is located on a low hill, in Cam Linh commune, Ba Vi district, Hanoi city, 65km west of Hanoi, 14km from Ao Vua tourist area and 3.8km from Suoi Hai lake. The total area of the entire tourist area is 75ha, of which the natural forest area is 17.5ha, the rest is lagoon and construction area.[2]

Dam Long tourist area has a rich flora and fauna, so this is not only an attractive eco-tourism destination for visitors but also a place to preserve, restore diverse ecosystems and study nature and wildlife.

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Dam Long is a primeval forest with 4 layers of closed canopy trees. According to the results of ecological and biological resource surveys by the Vietnam Institute of Geography, there are 387 plant species belonging to 252 genera, 94 families of 4 branches of higher plants. Animals in Dam Long forest and neighboring areas currently have 13 species of mammals belonging to 7 families, 4 orders such as the mouse family, bats, civets, tree squirrels, mice family... There are 69 bird species belonging to 37 families and 13 orders. Currently, the Dam Long area has diving birds, cranes, falcons, cranes, doves, cuckoos, woodpeckers, sparrows and butterflies... In the primeval forest, there are over 200 monkeys living in herds.... [2]

Coming to Dam Long primeval forest, visitors can rent an ox cart, ride a horse or walk, but are not allowed to use any type of engine. This is a very unique feature of this tourist area.

To the north of the forest is Long lagoon, a vast lake transformed into lotus ponds, creating a very attractive natural landscape.

After visiting the primeval forest, visitors can go boating around the lagoon, go fishing or row to the floating houses in the middle of the lagoon...

2.2.1.6.Thien Son – Suoi Nga Tourist Area

Located at the foot of Tan Vien mountain, Thien Son - Suoi Nga tourist area, although

Although it has only been put into operation for a short time, with its beautiful and poetic natural landscape of forests, mountains, streams, lakes, lagoons and waterfalls, it has created an attractive destination for tourists, especially during the summer.

The entire tourist area is divided into 3 main areas: Ha Son, Trung Son and Ngoan Son. In which, the highlight in the main tourist area is the Cong Troi waterfall which never runs out of water all year round. Cong Troi waterfall is 25m high, pouring down the mountainside to form a natural swimming pool from 1.5 to 2m deep, with a moderate slope, which is where many tourists who love to bathe in streams gather. The Cong Troi waterfall and the natural swimming pool are not far from Thien Son cave, which is used as a performance venue and a place for cultural exchanges between visiting groups. Ngoan Son area is located between Trung Son and Ha Son areas, with a 12ha wide lagoon, with many types of aquatic animals and plants under the lagoon, planned as a tourist destination for boating and fishing. The last stop is Ha Son area, with Tam Cap waterfall and many small streams interspersed with motels built in the style of stilt houses interspersed with forests and waterfalls, which is a stop for tourists on the way. In addition to investing in and beautifying the natural landscape, Thien Son - Suoi Nga tourist area has constantly improved the quality of services to "keep" tourists staying longer. [2]

2.2.1.7.Tien Sa Lake

In 2003, a new tourist destination appeared in the Ba Vi mountain tourist cluster, which is the Tien Sa Lake Eco-tourism Area, located in Tan Linh commune, Ba Vi district.

From the gate of Ba Vi National Park, turn right about 1km, visitors will reach Ho Tien Sa eco-tourism area. Ho Tien Sa eco-tourism area has a total area of 150ha, at an altitude of 65-400m, of which 120ha is forest, more than 20ha of water surface. The lush green forest covering the mountain slopes, the surrounding hills and the vast, clear lake have created a fresh, cool temperate microclimate. It also creates for Ho Tien Sa tourist area a majestic, poetic natural landscape.

Tien Sa Lake has an area of 20 hectares, clear water all year round, on which there are

Floating houses for tourists to sit and enjoy fishing or drifting with the waves. Young couples often choose a pontoon boat to play with the waves. There are also speedboats to serve visitors who like surfing and take them around the lake. [2]

In addition to the natural beauty of the mountains, forests, clouds and water, the man-made structures in the tourist area are also very attractive to tourists. All the constructions here are in the traditional Eastern architectural style with elaborate, delicate lines and harmonious, fresh colors. Ngu Phuc Gate, Thuan Thien Bridge, Lien Hoa Tower, Uyen Uong Tower, Vien Son Hotel... with bright red tiled roofs, curved eaves standing out among the green of trees, leaves, clouds and sky like a watercolor painting, captivating tourists. Based on natural conditions, Ho Tien Sa tourist area is divided into many areas with diverse forms of entertainment, suitable for all types of tourists.

The 3,000m² water park has 3 swimming pools and 9 slides for all ages to enjoy. The 2,500m² dry play area with many forms such as electric car chase and rotating airplane is very popular with young guests.

The thrill-seeking youth are excited about the 2-lane surfing spaceship. The 2-hectare sports area includes tennis courts, badminton, soccer, volleyball, etc.

Visitors to Ho Tien Sa are also very excited by the entertainment activities that take place in the evening. Everyone can participate in the fun performances or gather around the warm campfire taking place in the middle of majestic nature, in the mysterious night.

2.2.1.8. Suoi Hai Tourist Area

Located in the territory of 4 communes Thuy An, Cam Linh, Tan Linh, Ba Trai of Ba Vi district, about 60km west of Hanoi, Suoi Hai is located at the foot of Ba Vi mountain, created by a 4km long main and secondary dam system to hold water from the two main streams Yen Cu and Cau Rong flowing down the mountain. Suoi Hai, the common name of the two streams Yen Cu and Cau Rong, was dammed to block water and form a lake, renovating and arranging the natural setting.

Previously, every year, during the rainy season, water from small streams on the surrounding mountainsides and hillsides would flow into Hai stream and then into Tich river, often causing flooding. But in the dry season, Tich river dries up and drought threatens.

Therefore, in 1958, the plan to build the Suoi Hai system, a project to control the water of the Tich River, was proposed and implemented. The project started construction on December 25, 1958 and was inaugurated on April 5, 1964. Uncle Ho also visited the project on April 15, 1964.

With a capacity of up to 45 million m³ of water, this is the source of irrigation water for 7,000 hectares of land in Ba Vi, while eliminating floods and droughts.

In the lake, there are 14 large and small islands, with an area of about 90 hectares. Coming here, you can sit on small boats and cruise on the lake. On the islands and along the lake, there are many green trees and fruit gardens. Suoi Hai Lake is not only valuable in terms of irrigation but it is also home to many species of birds such as teals, wild geese, mallards, gulls, parrots, cranes, and sam birds... They live on the water surface, making the natural landscape here more diverse. [2]

2.2.1.9 Ngoc Nhi Stork Garden

Nestled on about 3.5 hectares of land out of the total 26.7 km² of natural land area of Cam Linh commune, Ngoc Nhi stork hill was formed in the years 1970 - 1971. Local people said that this half-hill, half-hill land was previously called Dung hill, covered with many green trees, of which 2/3 were bamboo with many varieties. Since the number of storks coming here to make nests increased rapidly to tens of thousands, people called it Ngoc Nhi stork hill. [2]

According to initial surveys, Ngoc Nhi stork garden currently has 49 species of birds, the most populous of which are white storks, banded storks, egrets, red storks, storks, small egrets and herons. During the breeding season (from April to September), storks fly white and perch on tree branches. In addition to storks, there are also red-bellied ibises, Indian falcons, Burmese kites, white cuckoos, woodpeckers, dholes, black-naped green-naped birds... The forest garden consists of 150 species of trees, including mai, reed, bamboo, castor oil, figs, figs... but the most abundant is still bamboo and this is also the reason why the stork garden was formed because bamboo is the species of tree that storks prefer.

nesting

Storks do not nest everywhere, especially in the North. With the wild beauty of the semi-mountainous land, Ngoc Nhi Stork Garden is comparable to Chi Lang Bird Garden - Hai Duong, Thanh Mai Bird Garden - Thanh Hoa.

In short, the natural tourism resources here are very rich, in addition to the typical tourist attractions mentioned above, Ba Vi district also has many other tourist attractions such as Suoi Mo, Thac Nga, Thac Huong, Ho Cam Quy. And especially there is a natural hot mineral water source in Thuan My commune, creating favorable conditions for the development of health-enhancing tourism for people. Only when visitors come here can they fully feel the airy, fresh, pleasant air and the green, poetic scenery of this Ba Vi land.

2.2.2. Human tourism resources:

2.2.2.1. President Ho Chi Minh Memorial Area K9 - Da Chong

The Da Chong relic site is located in Ba Vi district, Hanoi, about 25 km west of Son Tay town. The area is 234 hectares, mostly hills and forests, with 2 large lakes. There are many sharp rocks like spikes, the tips seem to grow from the ground, which is probably why the locals call this place Da Chong.

President Ho Chi Minh relic at K9 - Da Chong is a priceless cultural heritage.

This place bears the mark of the days when President Ho Chi Minh lived and worked during his years of leading the country. He welcomed close international friends here. This is also an absolutely safe place to preserve and protect Uncle Ho's body from 1969-1975.

In May 1957, during a visit to the 88th Infantry Regiment of the 308th Division, along with the 63rd Artillery Regiment and an armored unit practicing on the Da River, Uncle Ho and his comrades stopped to eat on a hill. Realizing that this place had many advantages in terms of terrain, weather, and transportation: there were forests, mountains, and rivers for convenient transportation, close to the capital... Uncle Ho discussed with his comrades, expressing his intention to choose this place as the Central base, in case the war could expand to the North. At the beginning of the year

In 1958, President Ho Chi Minh and comrade Nguyen Luong Bang came to survey this area again. After this survey, in mid-1958, the Central Working Area in Da Chong was started to be built with the name Construction Site 5. [2]

Since 1960, Construction Site 5 was completed and put into use, later called by the code name K9.

During the 9 years (1960 - 1969), K9 was honored to welcome Uncle Ho and his comrades in the Politburo to work and rest many times.

After his death, the wish of the entire Party and people was to protect and preserve Uncle Ho's body for a long time so that after the country's reunification, compatriots, soldiers nationwide and international friends could forever visit him. In accordance with that wish, while the country was still at war, the Party and State were still aiming to build the Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum, the Politburo decided to choose K9 as the place to protect and preserve Uncle Ho's body from December 24, 1969 and it had to be kept absolutely secret. This area has many advantages such as existing houses and bunkers, and is located in a long, wide strip of forest, so the Ho Chi Minh President Relic at K9 - Da Chong is a priceless cultural heritage.

The basis for preserving Uncle Ho's body includes:

- Upper floor: Is a convenient, interconnected working area, ensuring environmental hygiene. It has been renovated by the Engineering Command with a pedestal, a stretcher in the pedestal, and a glass cage on the pedestal. The place where Uncle Ho rests is similar to the glass coffin at the Mausoleum, convenient for serving when delegations come to visit Uncle Ho and do research to serve the Mausoleum in the future.

- Underground floor: has a solid tunnel structure, the tunnel's architecture is capable of eliminating and blocking shock waves caused by the strong pressure of explosive weapons,

There is a system to prevent chemical toxins, which is the factor that absolutely ensures the safety of Uncle Ho's body.

After a period of time when Uncle Ho's body was preserved and protected in Da Chong, on May 23, 1970, the Examination Council consisting of Soviet and Vietnamese experts organized an examination of the body and concluded: "After the first 8 months of preserving and protecting President Ho Chi Minh's body in a temperate climate country, although having to move far, the external appearance and body parts of the person were still fully preserved, consistent with his physical appearance when he was alive". On that basis, the Central Committee decided to choose K9 as the place to preserve and protect Uncle Ho's body. [2]

During the 6 years of the war against America to save the country, Uncle Ho's body was preserved here three times for a total of 4 years, 4 months and 19 days.

After the construction of President Ho Chi Minh's Mausoleum was completed on August 22, 1975, Uncle Ho's body was brought back to be preserved and kept so that compatriots, soldiers nationwide and international friends could visit him.

With the events that took place at K9 regarding the preservation of Uncle Ho's body, it is clear that this is a place of special historical significance associated with the long-term preservation of Uncle Ho's body during the years of resistance against the US to save the country. This place was chosen by Uncle Ho himself as the base for him and the Politburo to work and decide on a number of issues regarding the resistance against the US to save the country and build socialism in the North, which further increases the significance of the project. Therefore, we need to preserve and promote the political significance of this relic site to contribute to educating the revolutionary tradition and national pride for today's and future generations so that we can be steadfast and have faith in successfully realizing Uncle Ho's wish during his lifetime, which was to build a Vietnam with a rich people and a strong country, a fair, democratic and civilized society.

2.2.2.2. Tay Dang Communal House

Located about 50km west of Hanoi center, Tay Dang communal house in Tay Dang town, Ba Vi district is known as one of the oldest communal houses in Vietnam with nearly 500 years old.

The communal house was built in the 16th century, one of the oldest in Vietnam. Moreover,

Apart from communal houses and pagodas, in the tangible cultural heritage of the Vietnamese people, no intact wooden structures dating back to a more ancient period have been discovered. However, at present, some patterns from the 11th - 13th centuries remain in the communal house, so there is a hypothesis that Tay Dang communal house could have been built before the 16th century.

The communal house has an original layout: rectangular facade, five compartments, and a worshiping place on the mezzanine in the middle compartment. The left and right panels and the handle of the maul were added in later generations.

The wooden structure of the communal house is characterized by a roof truss system made in the style of a “gong rack” with a curved upper beam, two pillars on both sides with a wooden board shaped like a Bodhi leaf and carved with a pair of phoenixes. This type of roof can only be seen in a few very old architectures such as Dau Pagoda (Bac Ninh), Boi Khe Pagoda and Mui Pagoda (Hanoi), Thai Lac Pagoda (Hai Duong).

The communal house has 48 large and small pillars, previously made entirely of jackfruit wood - a type of wood that has not lost its core for hundreds of years, the largest pillar has a diameter of up to 80cm. [2]

While other communal houses have wooden panels or walls around them, Tay Dang communal house only has a system of columns supporting the roof (with a load-bearing capacity equivalent to the foundation of a 7-storey house), creating an airy space, filled with light, highlighting the unique and valuable patterns in the communal house. The curved ends of the roof are attached with dragons, unicorns, turtles, and phoenixes made of buffalo liver-colored terracotta; the beams, rafters, rafters, and beams are all carved.

The dragon carvings are all in the style of the Tran Dynasty dragons, the phoenixes are carved in the style of dancing with both wings spread out. The most unique feature of Tay Dang communal house is shown through the carvings imbued with folk culture on each architectural structure, the theme is about human activities in Vietnamese villages in the 16th century such as rowing boats, carrying children, chopping wood, dancing and singing and is absolutely not influenced by foreign carvings, expressing the thinking and intelligence of ancient Vietnamese people about the life and labor of the working people...

The carvings vividly depict a closed process of ancient Vietnamese people, from the early days with hunting, gathering, and domesticating animals.

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