Perspectives on Developing High-Tech Market in Vietnam to 2030

State science and technology is still large, the conversion of science and technology organizations into science and technology enterprise models is slow and does not meet practical requirements.

On the other hand, the quality of investment in R&D in our country is still low, scientific capacity is not high, and innovation capacity is still limited. These are factors that make the scale of supply of technological goods not high.

According to the Ministry of Science and Technology's survey data, the total investment in R&D in 2018 nationwide was about VND 26,386 billion (approximately USD 1.137 billion, approximately 0.47% of GDP in the same period). Of which, 49% of investment capital for R&D came from the state budget; 38% came from the non-state economic sector, and about 13% came from the foreign-invested sector. Regarding budget allocation for R&D, R&D projects implemented in enterprises had a total budget of up to VND 19,260 billion (accounting for 73% of total R&D expenditure nationwide). However, the state R&D capital invested in enterprises accounted for 31% of this figure. Regarding R&D costs implemented in science and technology organizations, state capital accounted for 98% of R&D costs implemented here. This result suggests that Vietnam's investment in R&D is quite low in both absolute and relative terms compared to Thailand (investment of 5.1 billion USD in R&D, accounting for 0.5% of GDP), Malaysia (9.7 billion USD and 1.3% of GDP), Singapore (10.1 billion USD and 2.1% of GDP) and much lower than Japan (169.5 billion USD and 3.4% of GDP) or South Korea (73.1 billion USD and 4.3% of GDP). Therefore, the domestic technology supply will be extremely limited in the medium and short term [15].

Besides, Vietnam's science and technology capacity is relatively low compared to the world. Except for two factors: companies' spending on R&D and government procurement of technology products by the government, which are at an average level (both score and ranking), other indicators reflecting Vietnam's innovation capacity such as the quality of universities, university-enterprise cooperation on R&D, the availability of scientists and engineers, and the number of patents registered per million people are quite low.

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To expand and develop the CNC market in Vietnam today, in addition to expanding the scale of supply, the scale of demand for CNC products and services is very important.

necessary and important. However, in reality, the demand for technology at the Centers for Application of Science and Technology Advances of 63 provinces/cities to serve the needs of research, decoding and technology transfer has not fluctuated much in the past three years (Table 3.14), even in 2019 there was a downward trend compared to 2018. Statistics of the total demand for technology in 2016 were 95 technologies in fields such as biotechnology; food technology; environmental treatment; energy saving; agriculture; material technology; medicine; construction; automation; industry. In 2017, the number of technology demands of the Centers was 93 technologies in a number of fields such as biotechnology, food technology, agriculture, material production and environmental treatment. In 2018, the number of technology needs of the Centers was 115 technologies in a number of fields such as biotechnology, food technology, agriculture, material production and environmental treatment. In 2019, the number of technology needs of the Centers was 105 technologies in a number of specific fields such as biotechnology; food technology; environmental treatment; energy saving; agriculture; material technology; medicine; construction; automation; industry [15].

On the other hand, considering the demand for technology according to statistics from Technology and Equipment Exchanges operating in provinces/cities of Vietnam (updated to June 2020), the demand for technology and technology at technology and equipment exchanges shows that the demand for technology through technology and equipment exchanges is mainly through national exchanges, the demand for technology of localities is uneven, there is a large difference in demand between major city centers nationwide, in particular, there are technology and equipment exchanges that have no demand for technology goods, such as An Giang, Hai Duong, Can Tho exchanges, etc. [Appendix 20].

Thus, the expansion and development of the CNC market in Vietnam in the coming time needs to focus on harmoniously solving the development of supply and demand for CNC goods. This is a matter of principle and in accordance with economic laws. Solving this contradiction will be a very important driving force contributing to the sustainable development of the CNC market in our country today.

Second , the contradiction between the requirement to improve the quality of the TTCNC and the development of intermediary organizations on the TTCNC still has many shortcomings.

The network of TTCNC intermediary organizations is in the formation stage, fragmented and limited in capacity.

National technology exchanges in Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City and Da Nang have not been invested and developed commensurate with their mission as centers connecting supply and demand for technology and intellectual property in the three regions.

Intermediary organizations with high expertise in technology assessment, valuation and provision of information services, technology brokerage are still weak in expertise and professionalism, so they have not created the necessary trust for both the supply and demand sides of technology. Moreover, the activities of these organizations are still separate and lack connections, which limits the spread in exploiting technology information and providing consulting, brokerage and valuation services compared to operating in a network connected between intermediary organizations.

Associations, industries, trade representatives, diplomatic representatives... have not been mobilized to participate in technology transfer promotion activities, so the role of these organizations in promoting technology transactions to serve business innovation has not been promoted.

Available technology sources from abroad have not received due attention in organizing the implementation of the TTCNC development program. The network of good foreign experts (international associations, foreign experts, Vietnamese experts abroad) has not been attracted to support intermediary organizations, brokers and domestic enterprises to help search, select, acquire and master technology.

Third , the contradiction between the high requirements for developing TTCNC and the current institutional system is not yet synchronous and complete.

Although the Government has issued a number of mechanisms and policies to promote the development of the science and technology market in general and the TTCNC market in particular, these policies are either too new or not really attractive to businesses, organizations and scientists such as the regulations on deducting taxable income every month.

The law on establishing a fund for the development of science and technology for enterprises in the Law on Corporate Income Tax has not created motivation for enterprises to invest in science and technology.

In reality, there are still shortcomings in the policies and mechanisms of state management of the legal corridor, which are not transparent, and the administrative procedures to recognize inventions or research results of individual scientists are complicated. These are negative impacts, eliminating the creativity of scientists and are factors that reduce the supply of the technology market.

The demand for CNC products and services comes from all sectors of society. For sectors related to the state, in the legal system, policy mechanisms have a direct impact on the change and innovation of CNC products, for example, the Government's policies on purchasing technological products to equip agencies and organizations in the government apparatus to work, contributing significantly to stimulating demand for these specific types of products. Mechanisms and policies to support businesses in investing in purchasing and innovating technology in production and service provision also contribute significantly to promoting demand for technological products. In addition, detailed regulations on the obsolescence of some scientific and technological standards in the process of application in production and service provision are in response to new government regulations. For example, regulations on emissions and waste into the environment will force businesses to innovate technology to reduce emissions according to regulations. These are direct positive impacts on the demand for CNC products in the market.

On the contrary, the "leniency" in the policy mechanism for standards on technology and machinery applied to the production process and service provision will have a negative impact on the demand for technology products in the market. The effectiveness of the law in the field of industrial property is still limited, industrial property rights, especially the capacity to enforce ownership rights, are not good. The legal framework on industrial property is not complete and not highly effective, this is a common situation that causes low demand for technology despite the government's efforts to introduce many mechanisms and policies to promote the development of the IT market.

Chapter 3 Conclusion

In recent times, the Vietnamese IT market has developed by taking advantage of the opportunities brought about by the international economic integration process. This development is reflected in many different aspects of the quantity and quality of CNC products and services, the development of market participants such as: the quantity and quality of CNC product and service supply sources on the IT market are increasing; the demand for CNC goods of the subjects is increasing; the quantity and quality of intermediary organizations on the IT market are developing and increasing.

However, in general, up to now, the IT market in our country is still at a low level, the market constituents have not developed synchronously, the capacity of many entities on the IT market is still low, not meeting the requirements of rapid and sustainable development of our country's economy today, specifically the increase in quantity and quality of the supply of CNC products and services on the IT market is still not much; the demand for CNC products and services is still limited; the quantity and quality of intermediary service organizations on the IT market are still low, not meeting the requirements of practice.

The achievements in the development of the ICT sector in recent times have many different subjective and objective causes, in which the fundamental cause is mainly due to the country's socio-economic development level achieving many important achievements; the scientific and technological potential of our country is increasingly strengthened and developed; the system of mechanisms, policies and laws on scientific and technological management is increasingly improved; the trend of globalization, regionalization and international integration is increasingly deep and has new manifestations; the world economy has rapid changes.

In addition, the current limitations in the development of the technology transfer market originate from the following specific causes: The policy to promote and support enterprises in technological innovation is still unreasonable, our country's economy is in the process of development; the mechanism for managing investment capital from the state budget for science and technology is still limited; investment activities in technological innovation of enterprises still face many difficulties and shortcomings; the model of science and technology enterprises is a new model, requiring many specific operating mechanisms; the management mechanism of public science and technology organizations still has many shortcomings.

Therefore, based on the achievements and limitations, there should be appropriate viewpoints and solutions to limit the shortcomings and promote the strengths that have been achieved in order to develop the TTCNC in the coming time to achieve good results, contributing to improving the country's science and technology potential.

Chapter 4

PERSPECTIVES AND SOLUTIONS FOR DEVELOPING HIGH-TECH MARKET IN VIETNAM TO 2030

4.1. Perspectives on developing high-tech market in Vietnam until 2030

4.1.1. Must ensure the State's management and orientation role in the development of the high-tech market.

It can be seen that the State is an important subject participating in the CNC market. In addition to the role of being a supplier or a demander for CNC products, the State also has the role of a manager, operator, and orientator for market activities. This role is mainly expressed in creating a legal basis and management mechanism for market activities. For the CNC market with the characteristics as presented, the State's management role is even more important, so in order to perform well the State's role in orienting the management and development of the CNC market in the coming time, it is necessary to implement a number of requirements as follows:

Firstly , the State needs to create conditions and encourage enterprises to innovate and develop, especially by giving incentives to the association between CNC organizations and enterprises, production and business establishments, etc. These policies are implemented through creating conditions for concurrent mechanisms and transferring human resources from enterprises to CNC organizations and vice versa, and giving priority to State investment capital for these forms of association. In addition, it is necessary to effectively implement tax exemption and reduction policies for technological innovation activities, support policies, tax incentives, and credit for CNC development and import activities, advanced technology of CNC organizations and enterprises in the production and business process.

Second, the State directly participates in the process of investing in science and technology from the budget to carry out a number of science and technology activities that are important to socio-economic development, ensuring national defense and security, and the development of the country.

development and national stability. On the basis of increasing state budget investment towards the goal of promoting the basic elements of the ICT sector, building infrastructure, improving the environment and funding activities that the private economic sector does not want to do such as basic research.

In addition, in addition to investment capital from the State budget, it is necessary to focus on diversifying and attracting investment capital from society, especially from enterprises... through promoting close links between enterprises and science and technology organizations, universities, and research institutes nationwide. On the other hand, in order to mobilize capital for the development of the R&D sector, we need to pay attention to forming venture capital sources and for venture capital to develop and operate effectively, Vietnam needs to build a legal framework, policies and have preferential mechanisms for these activities.

Third, the State plays a catalytic role, facilitating the operation of the CNC market through the issuance of legal documents and creating a favorable environment for buyers and sellers of CNC products to come together, on that basis they can exchange products and ensure their interests in the traded CNC products; The rules and regulations issued by the State in this field often include regulations related to registration for recognition of intellectual property rights; regulations on buying, selling, exchanging, transferring technology and especially procedures for handling disputes when rights related to intellectual property rights are violated.

4.1.2. Developing the high-tech market in Vietnam must be consistent with the reality of sustainable socio-economic development.

The development of the TTCNC must be based on the characteristics of our country's economy, which is a socialist-oriented market economy in a developing country with a transitional economy. Our country's economy is in the process of transforming its management model, in order to determine a method, steps and model suitable to the conditions and development level of our country, avoiding the situation of copying and imitating external models, going too far from the current state of our country's economy.

In the coming time, the roadmap and model for developing Vietnam's ICT industry need to ensure the following requirements:

Firstly, strengthen the state's guiding and directing role in developing the ICT sector.

The content of State management of the science and technology market in general and the technology transfer market in particular is interwoven in the legal documents of the State on science and technology management. Therefore, in the coming time, it is necessary to perfect the functions and tasks of State management of the science and technology transfer market of ministries, branches and localities (currently, only the Ministry of Science and Technology has a specialized agency for managing the science and technology market, which is the Department of Science and Technology Market and Enterprises). The content of State management of the technology transfer market needs to be adjusted and supplemented in relevant legal documents, in which it is necessary to specify the responsibilities of ministries, ministerial-level agencies, agencies under the Government and provincial People's Committees in State management of the development of the technology transfer market. Periodic reporting and statistics on the science and technology market in general and the technology transfer market in particular must be carried out.

Second, promote demand on the market, mainly promoting demand for CNC goods of enterprises.

On the basis of the institutional system and policies for developing the technology market, we need to promote the demand for technological innovation of enterprises and identify enterprises as the core, the main subject in the demand for CNC goods. This has an objective basis from the increasing international competitive pressure of the international economic integration process, forcing enterprises to improve their competitiveness and innovate production, thereby promoting the demand for technological innovation of enterprises. On the basis of good implementation of some contents such as: (i) identifying a group of enterprises with potential to develop technology demand; (ii) on that basis, making enterprises aware of the importance of innovating their business models in the direction of relying on technology; (iii) improving the technology absorption capacity of enterprises or helping enterprises limit weaknesses in technology absorption capacity

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