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Overview of Water Resources Database Development


is an application of ArcGIS 10.2.2 software to design a database, serving the management of water resources on the main stream of the Da River, aiming to be the best tool for managing, adjusting and forecasting issues related to water security.

3. Subject and scope of the research topic

- Research object: water resources.

- Research scope: on the main stream of the Da River.

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4. Research content of the topic

The topic includes the following research contents:

- Collect information on water resources on the Da River mainstream, thereby assessing the current status of water resources databases, digital maps, determining data requirements, classifying and standardizing data types.

- Design model and build water resources data structure (DB) with ArcGIS10.2.2 software.

- Convert, edit, update data according to standards.

- Experimental construction of a water resources database at a scale of 1:100,000 on the Da River mainstream to ensure water security on the Da River mainstream.

5. Research methods

To achieve the objectives and content of the thesis, the research methods used in this thesis include the following methods:

- Methods of collecting and synthesizing documents include:

+ Collect existing documents, professional documents, relevant scientific topics that have been published, update new information online, inherit achievements related to the content of the thesis.

+ Analyze the collected data sources and then choose the method.


appropriate research

- Methods of technology assessment and exploitation include:

+ Evaluate and compare research methods with other conventional methods.

+ Improve database accuracy.

- Database construction method:

Build and manage information on the current status of water resources. From there, analyze current information and propose solutions for rational and scientific use of this resource.

- GIS application methods include:

+ Information layers extracted from 1:100,000 scale maps are digitized and standardized and entered into the database.

+ Use GIS tools to overlay information layers and check the accuracy between the information.

+ Use GIS tools to display designed information in the database.

6. Scientific and practical significance of the topic

* Scientific meaning :

The topic is a scientific and technological product that clearly demonstrates the application of information technology combined with professional knowledge in management work, serving the protection of water resources on the main stream of the Da River.

The database of water resources on the main stream of the Da River is used as a basis for developing plans and solutions in management work, as well as better coordination with departments and agencies to protect, rationally use and promote the values ​​of water resources.

GIS database on water resources on the main stream of the Da River is


To serve the monitoring and assessment of water resources in accordance with the required level of detail of information, map data layers are designed at a scale of 1:100,000.

* Practical significance :

The study has demonstrated that combining GIS with ArcGIS10.2.2 software in building water resources database is a highly effective method, suitable for practical application.

7. Structure of the thesis

The thesis consists of 3 chapters, introduction, conclusion and recommendations and appendix presented in 128 pages.

During the process of writing my thesis, with the dedicated and thoughtful guidance of Dr. Dinh Xuan Vinh and Associate Professor Dr. Tran Duy Kieu, along with other teachers and colleagues, I have learned a lot of useful knowledge for my research and work.

Besides, I would like to sincerely thank the teachers in the Department of Geodesy and Cartography, Hanoi University of Natural Resources and Environment, and my colleagues who have given valuable comments to this thesis. I would like to thank the students of the Geodesy and Cartography Engineering class who have helped me during my studies.


CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF THE PROBLEM OF BUILDING WATER RESOURCES DATABASE

1.1. OVERVIEW OF DATABASE

1.1.1. History of database development

Following the development trend of science and technology, the concept of database is also perceived as more and more modern, so its role is increasingly broader. Database is a collection of structured data information arranged, organized for access, exploitation, management and regular update by electronic means and is the foundation for information systems.


Figure 1.1. Database system

It is difficult to define a database precisely, but it can be seen that a database is an information system about objects referenced in a unified space and time that can previously produce new information based on the information available in the system. It is a model of the real world in the form of a combination of a finite number of data classes, each of which


in a defined reference system with the accuracy of the model calculated according to the purpose of the system and the technical capabilities of acquiring, storing, managing and displaying the information extracted from the model.

1.1.2. Geographical database

The term GIS is widely used in fields such as geography, information technology, environmental resource management, spatial data processing science... Therefore, there are many definitions of GIS as follows:

According to Burrough (1986), GIS is a powerful toolbox used to store and retrieve arbitrary, transform and display spatial data from the real world for specific purposes.

According to Smith (1987), GIS is a database system in which data is linked to spatial location and its operating procedures to meet the requirements of spatial objects in the database.

According to Nguyen Kim Loi and collaborators (2009), GIS is an information system that uses input data, analysis operations, and output databases related to spatial geography to assist in the collection, storage, management, processing, analysis, and display of spatial information from the real world, to solve problems of information synthesis for human purposes, such as supporting planning; natural resource management...

In general, the geographic database is the most important component in the information system. The data used in the geographic database is designed according to pre-determined principles and structures, called DB. Geographic data includes spatial data to describe spatial characteristics and attribute data reflecting the nature of geographic objects; spatial data is represented by computer graphics tools, attribute data is represented by letters, numbers, etc. Such geographic information must be


includes data about geographic location, shape, size, attributes, spatial and temporal relationships of information.

Figure 1.2.Geographic database

Data can also be classified according to the nature of geographic object classes: data used as the basis for representing specific thematic data are called geographic base data classes, specific thematic classes (education, health, land use, etc.); for different purposes of the information system, there can be a division between these two groups of data.

The data is collected from various sources:

+ Documents and data collected in the field.

+ Documents and data are collected from statistical methods.

+ Documents and data collected from remote sensing methods.

+ Documents and data collected from other geographic information systems.

1.1.3. Water resources database

a. Overview of water resources database


- According to the Law on Water Resources, Water Resources include rainwater, surface water, underground water, and seawater within a country's territory. Surface water resources include water existing on the mainland or islands, in riverbeds (river flows), ponds, lakes, and swamps. Groundwater is water existing in underground aquifers.

- A database is a logically organized collection of interrelated information arranged according to pre-determined principles and structures, controlled together and stored as a unified unit in large storage devices such as hard disks and magnetic tapes; these data have the ability to be exchanged and transformed to serve multiple industries, many users and for other purposes such as management and research.

- Water resources database is a collection of related information about water resources, arranged and stored as a unified unit in the database. This data has the ability to be exchanged and transformed to serve many sectors, especially water resources management in particular.

b. Overview of water resources database

Water resources database is built according to GIS structure, formed and developed from two main foundations: geography and cartography, along with strong promotion of advances in engineering, computer science and mathematics.

The first GIS system was born in the early 60s and has been increasingly developed on the basis of advances in computer technology, graphics, spatial data analysis and data management. The first system was applied in resource management in Canada under the name of Canada Geographic Information System, including information on agriculture; forestry; land use and wildlife.


Since the 80s, GIS technology has made a qualitative leap, becoming a useful tool in management and decision support. GIS software is aiming to turn GIS technology into an automatic system for mapping and processing Hypermedia data. GIS hardware has developed strongly according to desktop solutions, especially in recent years, with the emergence of extremely powerful microprocessors; data storage devices; advanced information display and printing, GIS technology has changed qualitatively 1 . Today, GIS technology is developing strongly in the direction of combination and network connection, GIS technology is always self-improving to match the latest advances in science and technology.

c. General requirements when building a water resources database

- To build and effectively use the water resources database, it is necessary to comply with a unified legal framework on product technology, which is the geographic information standard. Including 8 standards:

+ Terminology Standard.

+ Spatial reference system standards.

+ Standard geographic data structure model.

+ Standards for classifying geographic objects.

+ Standard for presenting geographic data.

+ Standards for spatial data quality.

+ Metadata standards.

+ Data encryption and exchange standards.

- Spatial data of water resources database uses VN-2000 National reference system and coordinate system. Comply with basic regulations on WSG-84 reference ellipsoid.

- The main components that make up a database include:

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