MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION
HA TRA MY
ACARI: ORIBATIDA
IN THE ECOSYSTEM OF MOC CHAU PLATEAU, SON LA PROVINCE
DOCTORAL THESIS IN BIOLOGY
Hanoi, 2022
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION
HA TRA MY
ACARI: ORIBATIDA
IN THE ECOSYSTEM OF MOC CHAU PLATEAU, SON LA PROVINCE
Major: Zoology Code: 942. 01. 03
DOCTORAL THESIS IN BIOLOGY
Scientific supervisor: Prof. Dr. Vu Quang Manh
Hanoi, 2022
COMMITMENT
I hereby declare that this is my own research work, conducted on the basis of field research in Moc Chau plateau, Son La province. The data and results of the thesis are honest and have never been defended before any council before.
Author
Ha Tra My
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
During the process of doing this thesis, I received enthusiastic, valuable help and support from many groups and individuals.
First of all, I would like to express my sincere and deep thanks to
Prof. Dr. Vu Quang Manh, who has directly and enthusiastically guided and always advised and urged me throughout the process of writing this thesis.
Center for Biodiversity Education Research (CEBRED), and Department
Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education.
The National Museum of Natural History Sofia (NMNHS, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences -BAS).
Institute of Ecology and Construction Protection, Vietnam Academy of Water Resources. Center for Dyke Protection Biology, Institute of Ecology and Construction Protection.
Finally, I would like to thank my family and friends who have always encouraged, motivated and helped me in many ways throughout the process of implementing and completing this thesis.
Thanks a lot!
Ha Tra My
INDEX
INTRODUCTION 1
1. Scientific basis and importance of research problem 1
2. Research objective 2
3. Research task 2
4. New contributions of thesis 3
5. Thesis layout 3
CHAPTER 1. OVERVIEW 4
1.1. Overview of Oribatid Mite Research in the World 4
1.2. Research on Oribatid Mites in Vietnam 15
1.2.1. Period 1967 - 1986 16
1.2.2. Period 1987 - 2007 17
1.2.3. Period from 2008 to present 21
1.3. Research on Oribatid mites in the study area 26
1.4. Overview of natural and social conditions of the study area 27
1.4.1. Geographical location, terrain and soil 27
1.4.2. Climate and hydrology 30
1.4.3. Flora and fauna resources and human factors 31
CHAPTER 2. TIME, LOCATION AND RESEARCH METHODS32
2.1. Research subjects, locations and time 32
2.2. Research methods 36
2.2.1. Soil sample collection 36
2.2.2. Separation and processing of 37-armed beetle samples
2.2.3. Analysis and classification of Ornithopods 40
2.2.4. Data analysis and processing 41
CHAPTER 3. RESEARCH RESULTS 45
3.1. Diversity of Oribatida species in the study area ..45
3.1.1. List of species composition of Oribatid mites in the study area 45
3.1.2. Taxonomic structure of Oribatid mites in the study area 68
3.1.3. Comparison of species diversity characteristics of the oribatid mite community in the study area with related areas 76
3.1.4. Discussion and comments 80
3.2. Structure of oribatid mite communities according to five habitats in the study area 81
3.2.1. Distribution characteristics of Oribatid mites according to habitat year 81
3.2.2. Biodiversity by habitat year 87
3.2.3. Dominant species structure 91
3.2.4. Similarity in species composition of oribatid mite communities between habitats 94
3.2.5. Discussion and comments 96
3.3. Structure of the oribatid mite community according to the four seasons in the study area 100
3.3.1. Distribution characteristics of Oribatid mites in four seasons 100
3.3.2. Seasonal biodiversity 104
3.3.3. Dominant species structure 108
3.3.4. Similarity in species composition of oribatid mite communities between four seasons 110
3.3.5. Discussion and comments 112
3.4. Structure of the oribatid mite community during the day-night cycle in the study area 115
3.4.1. Distribution characteristics of Oribatid mites in the day-night cycle 115
3.4.2. Biodiversity in the day-night cycle 119
3.4.3. Dominant species structure 123
3.4.4. Similarity in species composition of oribatid mite communities during the day-night cycle
................................................................ ................................................................ ...................................125
3.4.5. Discussion and comments 127
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 131
PUBLISHED WORKS RELATED TO THE THESIS 133
REFERENCES APPENDIX
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
STT
Abbreviations /symbol | Meaning | |
1 | BAS | Bulgarian Academy of Sciences |
2 | BTB | North Central Coast |
3 | Socialist Republic of Vietnam | Socialist Republic |
4 | CEBRED | Center for Biodiversity Education Research |
5 | CLN | Land for perennial crops |
6 | CNN | Land for short-term crop cultivation |
7 | cs | Partner |
8 | D | Advantage |
9 | D | Winter |
10 | DB | Northeast |
11 | Delta | Red River Delta |
12 | H | Summer |
13 | H' | Shannon - Weiner diversity index |
14 | J' | Evenness - Peilou Index |
15 | MDT | Average individual density |
16 | NMHNS | Sofia Museum of Natural History |
17 | RTN | Natural forest |
18 | RNT | Man-made forest |
19 | T | Autumn |
20 | TB | Northwest |
21 | TC | Grassland |
22 | S | Number of species |
23 | SC | Habitat |
24 | X | Spring |
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1. Sampling habitats in the study area 32
Table 2.2. Qualitative sampling points 34
Table 2.3. Number of qualitative and quantitative soil samples collected in the study area 37
Table 3.1. Diversity of species composition and distribution characteristics of oribatid mites according to some main natural and anthropogenic factors in the highland ecosystem
Moc Chau, Son La province 46
Table 3.2. Taxonomic structure of Oribatid mites in the study area 72
Table 3.3. Number of taxa of four regions 77
Table 3.4. Similarity ratio of oribatid species composition between four areas 78
Table 3.5. Distribution characteristics of taxon levels of Oribatid mites in five habitats 82
Table 3.6. Some quantitative indices of the oribatid mite community in the year 89
Table 3.7. Assemblage of dominant oribatid mite species in five habitats 92
Table 3.8. Similarity ratio of species composition of oribatid mites between five habitats 94
Table 3.9. Distribution characteristics of taxon levels of Oribatid mites in four seasons 100
Table 3.10. Some quantitative indices of the oribatid mite community in four seasons 106
Table 3.11. Dominant Oribatid species assemblages in four seasons 109
Table 3.12. Similarity ratio of species composition of oribatid mites between four seasons 111
Table 3.13. Distribution characteristics of taxon levels of Oribatid mites in the diurnal cycle
night 116
Table 3.14. Some quantitative indices of the oribatid mite community during the diurnal cycle
night 121
Table 3.15. Dominant oribatid mite species assemblages during the day-night cycle 124
Table 3.16. Similarity ratio of species composition of Oribatid mites between four time points 126