INTRODUCTION
1. Urgency of the topic
Land is an extremely valuable resource, a special means of production, a great source of internal strength and capital of the country, a leading important component of the living environment, a distribution area of residential areas, economy, society and national defense and security. Land and humans have accompanied each other through different agricultural civilizations, from primitive agriculture at the dawn of mankind to agriculture full of scientific and technological advances today. Soil is an important component of the forest ecosystem, one of the factors forming forest populations. The process of soil formation and development depends on many factors including climate, parent rock, vegetation, geological age and human activities. Soil and forest populations have a close organic relationship because soil is both a factor forming forests, playing an important role in the growth process of forests, and is directly affected by forest vegetation, creating forest soil fertility. The development of planted forests depends a lot on land factors in addition to climate and variety factors. The selection of suitable crops, in addition to economic factors, must also be based on the foundation of climate and land factors.
The terrain in our country is mainly mountainous with about 2/3 of the natural land area belonging to the mountains and midlands, with complex terrain, so land resources are very diverse and rich. However, with a population of nearly 100 million people, our country has become a land-scarce country in the world. In addition, the large and concentrated rainfall, the clear differentiation between the dry and rainy seasons, makes the land susceptible to erosion, leaching and degradation, creating a hard layer of laterite and laterite, reducing the production potential of the land. Currently, the area of bare hills and mountains is increasingly high, the burning of forests for slash-and-burn farming is taking place in many places, making forest land increasingly exhausted. At the same time, under the impact of the market mechanism and the State's policies on land in the cause of industrialization and modernization of the country, many urgent issues have been raised, aiming to use it more and more effectively.
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more productive than forestry land.
Dien Chau district is a northern district of Nghe An province with a favorable location for the socio-economic development of Nghe An province. The use of forestry land in Dien Chau district is being paid attention to and developed. However, due to the pressure of population growth and the need for social development, forestry land is facing the risk of a sharp decrease in quantity and quality. People have overexploited it without many reasonable measures to protect the land, the use of forestry land has also given rise to many problems, such as causing disputes in the division of forestry land use, deforestation activities causing increased risk of forestry land erosion.
In the face of this situation, assessing the management and use of forestry land to improve the efficiency of land in general and forestry land in particular is an urgent issue with profound theoretical and practical significance. For the above reasons, I would like to choose the issue of "Management and use of forestry land in Dien Chau district, Nghe An province" as the topic of my master's thesis.
2. Research overview
2.1. General research
Based on the theory and reality of forestry land use management in Dien Chau district, Nghe An province, propose solutions to contribute to improving and enhancing the effectiveness of forestry land use management, creating a stable foundation for local socio-economic development.
2.2. Specific research
- System of basic theoretical issues on current forestry land use management.
- Analyze and evaluate the current status of forestry land use management in Dien Chau district, Nghe An province.
- Propose some solutions to contribute to improving the management and use of forestry land in Dien Chau district, Nghe An province.
- Propose some recommendations to State agencies at all levels to improve the efficiency of forestry land use management in Dien Chau district, Nghe An province.
3. Subject and scope of the research topic
3.1. Research subjects
Theoretical and practical issues related to forestry land use management in Dien Chau district, Nghe An province.
3.2. Scope of research
- Regarding content: The topic focuses on the contents of forestry land use management activities in Dien Chau district, Nghe An province.
- Space: Research topic on the situation of forestry land use management in Dien Chau district, Nghe An province.
- Time: 2016-2020 period.
4. Research methods
- Based on the inherited data on the situation of forestry land use management in Dien Chau district, to evaluate the situation of forestry land use management in the district. In addition, the topic also uses the method of practical observation to have more data and a comprehensive view on the research problem.
- Data processing method: Use Excel software to process data.
- Data analysis method:
+ Statistical method: Used to calculate indicators on total number, structure...
+ Comparison method: Compare the fluctuations of some indicators over time; Compare the fluctuations in area scale, costs, income...
5. Topic structure
In addition to the introduction, conclusion, list of references and appendix, the content of the thesis is divided into 3 chapters as follows:
Chapter 1: Theoretical and practical basis of forestry land use management.
Chapter 2: Current status of forestry land use management in Dien Chau district, Nghe An province.
Chapter 3: Some orientations and solutions to improve the efficiency of forestry land use management in Dien Chau district, Nghe An province.
CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL BASIS OF FORESTRY LAND USE MANAGEMENT
1.1. Theoretical basis for forestry land use management
1.1.1. General concepts
1.1.1.1. Concept of forestry
Forestry is an independent material production sector of the national economy with the functions of forest building, forest management and protection, forest exploitation, forest product processing and promoting the cultural and social protection functions of forests.
1.1.1.2. Concept of forestry land
According to Article 1 of the Law on Forest Protection and Development 1991, forestry land includes: forested land and non-forested land planned for afforestation:
Forested land including natural forests and planted forests.
Land without forests or bare land, bare hills are planned for forestry development purposes.
Specifically, forestry land is land with natural forests or planted forests that meet forest standards according to the provisions of law on forest protection and development, land for forest restoration (land assigned or leased for protection and protection to restore forests mainly by natural means), land for new forest planting (land assigned or leased for forest planting and land with newly planted forest trees that do not meet forest standards).
In order to have a basis for managing the use of forestry land, the classification of forestry land is very important. Based on the purpose of use, forestry land is divided into production forest land, protection forest land, and special-use forest land.
Production forests: are mainly identified for the purpose of building and developing forests for the purpose of producing and trading forest products (especially wood and forest products) and combining environmental protection and ecological balance.
Protection forests: identified with the main purpose of building and developing forests for the purpose of protecting and regulating water resources, protecting soil, preventing erosion, and limiting
natural disaster prevention (anti-storm, wave protection, dike protection against salt water in coastal areas...)
climate regulation, ensuring ecological balance and environmental security.
Special-use forests: for the purpose of conserving nature, ecosystems, genetic resources of forest plants and animals, scientific research, protection of historical and cultural relics, scenic spots, and serving recreation and tourism.
According to the 1993 Land Law and the amended and supplemented Land Laws of 1998 and 2001, forestry land is defined as follows:
Forestry land is land determined primarily for use in forestry production, including land with natural forests, land with planted forests, and land used for forestry purposes such as afforestation, enclosure, protection for natural restoration, forest enrichment, and forestry research and experimentation [15].
According to the land classification of the 2003 Land Law, forestry land is understood as a part of agricultural land including land areas determined mainly for use in forestry production including land with natural forests, planted forest land, land used for forestry purposes (forest planting, protection, forest enrichment, research and experimentation on forestry land) [16].
1.1.1.3. Concept of forestry land use management
Forestry land use management is the sum of legal, economic, organizational and technical activities and measures of state agencies and land users to use land resources reasonably and effectively in a sustainable manner.
1.1.2. The role of the forestry sector and the management of forestry land use
1.1.2.1. The role of the forestry industry
Forestry is an important industry in the national economy. Taking advantage of what nature has given, the forestry industry has contributed to increasing GDP, accelerating economic growth, improving social life, protecting the landscape environment... Forestry is a special material production industry. When talking about forestry, we must first talk about the role of forests in the national economy and in social life. The Law on Forest Protection and Development states that "Forests are a valuable resource of the country, with the ability to regenerate, an important part of the ecological environment,
has great value to the national economy, closely linked to people's lives and the survival of the nation.
Forests have both economic and environmental value, forests are the most important component of the biosphere. Economically, forests provide wood for construction, firewood, raw materials for some light industries and chemical industries, provide medicinal materials, wild game meat... Forests also have environmental protection value such as: preventing soil erosion, regulating surface and groundwater, regulating climate, creating a safe ecological environment for flora and fauna, windbreaks, and cleaning the air. Forests are considered giant dust filtering factories, on average 1 hectare of pine forest/year can absorb 36.4 tons of dust from the air, forests are especially important in balancing the oxygen and carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere...
1.1.2.2. The role of forestry land use management
Based on natural conditions, population characteristics, socio-economic conditions, development goals, directions and tasks of each region and locality, forestry land management has the following roles:
Ensure rational and effective use of forestry land based on determining land type, land class, seed selection, planting, care, protection, etc., avoiding wasteful use, arbitrary conversion of land use purposes, limiting and preventing encroachment, disputes, and land destruction that affect the environment, ecological balance, hinder production, and affect socio-economic development.
Land protection, land improvement, environmental protection during use: aiming at sustainable development of land resources, besides immediate benefits, must ensure long-term sustainability, without affecting the future.
Help users understand their rights and obligations on the land they are assigned, feel secure in investing and exploiting on their land. Therefore, it will ensure and improve economic efficiency, maintain national security and defense, contribute to greening barren hills and mountains, and reduce environmental pollution.
1.1.3. Characteristics of forestry land use management
Forest land use management is always associated with the special characteristics of forestry production, which is demonstrated through the following aspects:
The subject of forestry production is forest land with forest vegetation that has a very long growth and development cycle, possibly up to tens or hundreds of years, and land ownership is communal.
The production area is large, complex, and difficult to travel, so resource management as well as the application of scientific and technological advances in forestry production face many difficulties and obstacles.
Forestry production not only brings economic benefits, but it also has special significance in protecting the ecological environment.
Therefore, land use management in general and forestry land use management in particular are long-term. In order to meet the land demand for long-term socio-economic development, the structure and method of land use are adjusted step by step over a long period of time until the expected goal is achieved based on forecasting long-term trends of important socio-economic factors such as demographic changes, urbanization, industrialization, modernization, scientific and technological progress, development needs of economic sectors, and perennial crops. From there, determine the medium-term or long-term use of land use to propose strategic and appropriate policy directions and measures for each type of land, creating a scientific basis for annual land use management.
Land use management is to serve human needs, serve the needs of land users and the interests of the whole society, actively contributing to the change of production relations in rural areas to use and protect land, improve production efficiency for society. In a market economy, land use management contributes to promoting and resolving internal conflicts of each socio-economic interest and the environment arising in the process of land use.