Inspiration of worldly and personal life in Vietnamese poetry 1975-2000 - 1

HANOI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES

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TRINH THI HANG

Inspiration of worldly and personal life in Vietnamese poetry 1975 - 2000

MASTER'S THESIS IN LITERATURE 5.04.33

Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Le Van Lan

Hanoi - 2006

INDEX

INTRODUCTION 4

SECTION 13

CHAPTER 1 SOCIAL SITUATION AND RENEWAL OF VIETNAMESE POETRY 13 1975-2000 13

1.1. Social life and poetic life 13

1.1.1. Changes in social life ten years after the war and a period of poetry 14

1.1.2. Social life in the years after the renovation (6th Party Congress, 1986) and the existence of two poetic trends: The trend of returning to private life and the trend of modernism. 18

1.2. Innovation is also an intrinsic need of literature itself .

1.2.1. Concept of reality and the role of creative subjects 27

1.2.2. The concept of literary function and the formation of a new type of reader 31

1.2.3. Creative force 33

CHAPTER 2 INSPIRATION FROM WORLD AFFAIRS AND PRIVATE LIFE IN VIETNAMESE POETRY 1975-2000. 36

2.1. Worldly inspiration in Vietnamese poetry 1975-2000. 36

2.1.1 The reversal of real, human and social values ​​36

2.1.2. The expansion reflects social states on the moral level 41

2.1.3. Return to traditional values ​​48

2.2. Personal inspiration in Vietnamese poetry 1975-2000. 53

2.2.1. The journey to find the self. 53

2.2.2. Love is the main theme. 63

CHAPTER 3 FORMS OF EXPRESSION OF VIETNAMESE POETRY 1975-2000 72

3.1. Language. 73

3.1.1. Casual everyday language. 74

3.1.2 Clear and simple language 78

3.1.3. Implicit, suggestive language 81

3.2. Image 83

3.2.1. Many problems of life are re-perceived, leading to changes in the meaning of some symbols in poetry 83

3.2.2. The appearance of some new logos 86

3.2.3. Symbols with folk appearance. 87

3.3. Category 88

3.3.1. Introduction to the concept 88

3.3.2 Some poetic forms, tradition and innovation 89

CONCLUSION 101

REFERENCES 103

INTRODUCTION

1, Reason for choosing the topic.

1.1 A period of poetry in circulation.

Vietnamese post-war poetry, from 1975 to the present, has been going on for more than a quarter of a century and is still in the process of being formed. Identifying a period of poetry in circulation is not an easy task. In recent years, the issue of recognizing post-war literature has caused many controversies among critics and writers with many different, inconsistent and even contradictory opinions.

One of the difficulties in that assessment is that we do not have the necessary distance to objectively and comprehensively perceive and evaluate literature in its multi-faceted relationships: era, history, nation and the development of the Vietnamese people.

On the other hand, literature in general and poetry in particular are being deeply affected by the market economy. Besides the advantage that we can freely create (anyone with the ability has the opportunity to write with all their heart, and write with their own thoughts and feelings, not with any forced orders (in other words, the so-called "creative personality" or "creative subject" has been respected); the limitation of the market economy for literature is that many people will take advantage of the so-called "creative freedom" to speak indiscriminately, serving personal interests or the tastes of a certain narrow-minded minority of readers. Even in the field of criticism, the concept of "Freedom" also has many issues to discuss. There are many assessments, many opinions, many serious approaches, but there is also no shortage of destructive attitudes, excessive promotion or denigration for reasons other than literature, sometimes losing direction for creators who are still in the process of finding their way.

The need to provide an objective, scientific perspective to make a fair judgment on the poetry that is circulating and still has many complexities is an urgent issue.

1.2. The leading role of personal life inspiration.

Systematically and comprehensively evaluating Vietnamese poetry from 1975 to 2000, it can be seen that the inspiration of worldly affairs and personal life played a leading role in attracting most of the creative efforts of the writers in terms of content and form. This created fundamental changes in post-war poetry compared to previous periods. After the war, poetry returned to issues of human life, worldly affairs and personal life. The democratic spirit, inspiration of truth and poetic orientations after the renovation period brought many new nuances to poetry in this period. Searching for the values ​​as well as the limitations of content and form of a period of poetry, the causes of its formation and development trends are also important issues contributing to the construction of a literature with profound humanistic values.

2. Problem history.

2.1. General research situation on poetry after 1975 .

Vietnamese poetry from 1975 to now has only been around for a quarter of a century. Therefore, there are very few truly comprehensive research works on poetry in this period. However, with the characteristics of a poetry in circulation, in addition to the strong impact of the democratic spirit in composition as well as criticism and its internal changes... poetry in this period has the ability to create heated debates (especially the debate that lasted for half a year in the Van Nghe newspaper ). The issue of assessing the literary value of this period in comparison with the achievements of national poetry, in addition to the way of posing the issue of creative orientation, about innovation - creativity for taste or for the true values ​​of literature... are topical issues of poetry 1975-2000. Maybe

That said, critical theory on post-war poetry is still fragmented and inconclusive.

The debate that has consumed the most ink and, in our opinion, the most current issue of post-war Vietnamese poetry is the birth of modernism. We systematize it into three points of view:

The viewpoint of encouraging and introducing modern poetry. That is the viewpoint of poets Le Dat, Hoang Hung, Nguyen Quang Thieu and literary researchers such as Do Duc Hieu, Pham Xuan Nguyen... They believe that after 60 years, the first poetic revolution is ending. Literary history is waiting for a new poetic revolution and this time its direction is surrealist symbolism. Those who follow this viewpoint actively introduce the poetry collections Nguoi di tim mat (Hoang Hung), O mai , Ben la (Dang Dinh Hung), Bong chu ( Le Dat)... and believe that these poetry collections are the coming modern poetry in both concept and poetics.

The second viewpoint completely denies modern poetry today, considering it a strange kind of poetry due to the influence of decadent modernist trends in the West that have long since become waste. A representative of this viewpoint is Tran Manh Hao with his critical collection Poetry against poetry . Maintaining a satirical tone in a series of articles: Modern poetry and modern poetry, Poetry - anti-poetry, Innovation or changing the guard, Reading "shadow of words", discussing words and meanings in poetry ... Tran Manh Hao is extremely resolute in evaluating modern poetry authors. Tran Manh Hao even named modern poetry as Hac Hac poetry, Dac jackfruit poetry, Doi mong poetry, Stripped-off poetry...

The third viewpoint represented by critics Ma Giang Lan, Mai Huong, Le Luu Oanh, Vu Tuan Anh... believes that although there are no truly new contributions and many limitations, modernist poetry deserves to be analyzed and studied as one of the opening steps of contemporary Vietnamese poetry.

Besides the debate on modernism, the issue of introversion or extroversion in poetry is also given special attention and has many opposing opinions. Poet To Huu, a writer who has contributed much to revolutionary poetry, commented: “We do not like poetry nowadays. It is trivial, it falls too much into private feelings. While life has so many painful stories, stories related to the lives of mankind, of the whole nation, but it does not touch anything.”

In the book Poetry and Modern Vietnamese Poetic Thinking , author Nguyen Ba Thanh also commented: “Introversion is a major characteristic of the entire poetry movement. Modern poetic thinking tends to be introverted after a period of being intoxicated with extroversion. Being introverted but still being able to pay deep attention to political and social life, domestic and international, to the vast human condition. That is the search for harmony. At the present time, our poetry has not been able to do that.

(70 - p302)

Meanwhile, the assessment of the Selection Council of the Vietnamese Poetry Collection 1975-2000 exudes optimism: “Since 1945, this is the period when our country’s poetry has had the most extensive development. The expansion of themes and the diversification of creative methods create a colorful and still changing poetic picture” (Volume 1 - page 5).

We review the issues being debated in Vietnamese poetry from 1975 to 2000 with the hope of reflecting the literary life after the war. It is a complex period of poetry and requires a comprehensive and systematic study to answer the question of where Vietnamese poetry stands. Of course, this is not far from the purpose of the topic: to seek the stability of inspiration from worldly affairs and private life in the instability of contemporary poetry.

2. 2. Issues related to the topic.

Identifying a literary period, especially a period of literature in circulation, has always been one of the top concerns of researchers. In most of the extensive literary research works, authors have tried to systematize the characteristics of Vietnamese poetry after the war.

Inspiration from personal life and world affairs is considered a characteristic of poetry in this period. Author Vu Tuan Anh in his thesis: Half a century of Vietnamese poetry 1945-1975 devoted the entire third chapter to presenting the types of lyrical egos in poetry after 1975. The author systematized the contents into: "The ego continues the epic tendency and dialogues with the epic", "The ego is associated with human and worldly issues", "The ego returns to traditional and humane values", "The creative ego has an extreme nature" (p. 189). The author also discussed the form of contemporary Vietnamese poetry on the levels of structure, language, and imagery.

In the thesis Vietnamese Lyric Poetry 1975-1990, author Le Luu Oanh also focused on examining the lyrical self in poetry after 1975. The author identified three types of self: the epic self, the worldly and private self, and the self with a modernist tendency.

Author Pham Quoc Ca in the monograph Some issues of Vietnamese poetry 1975-2000 believes that pointing out the characteristics of Vietnamese poetry is a problem that continues to be solved" (8- page 10). The author focused on studying poetry in this period in its comprehensiveness; the impacts of social life, content and form, including 5 monograph chapters: "The basis of social reality and aesthetic consciousness of Vietnamese poetry 1975-2000", "A period following revolutionary poetry with innovations in the direction of epic and worldliness", "A period of poetry returning to personal lyricism", "A period of poetry struggling with modernization", "Some characteristics in terms of poetics" (8- page 11).