Freight and Passenger Transport

Non-state-owned establishments generated 97 billion VND in 2007 (1994 prices). These establishments mainly exploited stone, river sand, produced bricks, tiles, lime, and weaved... In addition, there were industrial establishments managed by the Central Government and the National Defense: Silkworm Farm, Brick and Tile Factory C5 (military) played an important role in the economic structure of the district, promoting the development of other economic sectors.

In the district, there are 7 craft villages, with a total scale of 40 hectares, with typical occupations such as weaving, sewing, dyeing (Phung Xa), embroidery (Thuong Lam, Phuc Lam); construction materials (An Phu); processing agricultural products such as white wine, rice, tofu, ham (Thuong Lam, Dai Nghia, Phu Luu Te); carpentry, rattan and bamboo weaving (Phuc Lam) ...

In addition to traditional occupations, such as: lace embroidery in Dong Tam; weaving in Phung Xa; mulberry growing, silkworm raising in Doc Tin, Dai Hung, Phu Luu Te; knitting in An Tien... have been invested in, restored and developed. Some new occupations have been introduced to localities and initially brought good results, such as: high-class wooden furniture in An My, Huong Son, Phu Luu Te, Dai Nghia; Kimono embroidery in Dong Tam... The average annual growth rate of the handicraft industry is 4.4%. In 2000, the value of revenue from handicrafts reached 55 billion VND [121, p. 10].

In general, industry and handicrafts in My Duc are also industries with many strengths. However, production is still scattered and small-scale. Environmental problems caused by industrial and handicraft production are still urgent issues, but serious management measures are needed to ensure the environment for tourism development goals. At the same time, the agricultural processing industry to increase the economic value of agricultural production is still underdeveloped, and small-scale handicraft production facilities such as souvenirs for tourists have not been formed, although this is a stable and long-term market. Thus, the connection between agriculture - industry - handicrafts - tourism has not been properly formed.

c) Trade, services, tourism

Commercial activities: develop diverse and abundant goods, meeting most of the needs and purchasing power of the people. In addition to supplying

essential consumer products to serve the people's daily needs, My Duc's trade sector has also focused on agricultural production services such as providing seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, etc. The district has 1 commercial center in Dai Nghia town, 2 regional markets in Huong Son and An My communes. All 22 communes of the district have markets, including 9 stable, long-term markets and 11 temporary markets. Implement a market that plays the role of a hub for the exchange of goods and services, serving the production and consumption needs of the people.

In 2000, the number of professional commercial business households was 1,675, and by 2005, it had increased to 2,390. Of these, more than 1,000 households were granted business licenses. In 2001, the number of registered business households was 2,703. The average annual revenue was about 70-75 billion VND/year [121; p.12]. If from 1996 to 2000, the occupations with the largest number were: maintenance, repair, sale of motorbikes, motorbikes and motorbike spare parts; wholesale of scrap materials; retail of food, beverages, clothing, footwear, household appliances... From 2001 to 2008, the occupations with a large number of business households have changed significantly. In addition to the above business forms, many new commercial and service businesses have appeared such as: television repair, photocopying services, hotel and restaurant business, public catering... The number of commercial, service and tourism businesses in My Duc is unevenly distributed, mainly located in towns and townships such as Te Tieu, Dai Nghia, Hop Thanh, An My, Tuy Lai, Huong Son, Phung Xa... serving the convenient daily life of the people.

In 2006 - 2007, the trade and service sector is rising to become a key economic sector with the participation of economic sectors. In general, in 7 years (2001-2007), the trade and service revenue is higher year after year. In 2001, it reached 157 billion VND, and in 2007 it was 271 billion VND, reaching 107.7% of the plan. Total retail sales of goods and service - tourism revenue in 2007 reached 687 billion VND, an increase of 25.45% compared to 2001 and an increase of 11.32% compared to 2007.

with plan [121; p. 16].

This is the period when My Duc district promotes tourism development. Under the direction of the province, the District Party Committee and the District People's Committee have focused on coordinating with provincial and local departments and agencies, continuing to invest, upgrade infrastructure and strengthen management, especially organizing the Huong Pagoda festival to attract tourists.

A series of projects were carried out such as: upgrading and asphalting the district road from Te Tieu to Huong Son; repairing and renovating roads in the Huong Pagoda area; dredging Yen stream, expanding the ferry terminal, organizing safe and convenient festival management. Thanks to that, the service industry has developed, the proportion of the tourism service economy in 1996 accounted for 20% of GDP, by 1997 it increased to 22% of GDP. Quan Son lake area has been increasingly invested in and upgraded, becoming an attractive weekend tourist area. With the development and contribution of the tourism - service industry, the target of reaching 25% of GDP by 2000 was set by the 19th Congress [8, p. 296].

The service sector achieved the highest growth rate in the period 2005 - 2008, 32.48%/year. Therefore, the proportion of the sector in the economic structure also increased from 23.32% in 2005 to 29.4% in 2007, and in the first 6 months of 2008 it was 32.6%. The production value of the sector also increased from 160.5 billion VND (in 2005) to 406 billion VND (in 2007) [121; p. 20].

Tourism is the strength of My Duc district. The district has 3 tourism areas, with the main types being spiritual tourism and resort tourism. Huong Son scenic tourist area with a total area of ​​5,100 hectares, belonging to Huong Son commune, is the most important tourist area of ​​the district, attracting not only local tourists but also tourists from all over the country and international tourists. In 2007, the total number of tourists to My Duc was 1.25 million, including 22,000 foreign tourists (in 2005, there were only 450,000 tourists with 9,000 international tourists). In addition, Tuy Lai Duong An Duong area (Tuy Lai commune, area 1,120 hectares) and Quan Son tourist area (Hung Tien and Huong Son communes, area 1,730 hectares) have also begun to be exploited for tourism activities. Tourism revenue increased rapidly from 33 billion VND in 2007 to 33 billion VND in 2007.

2002 to 55 billion VND in 2005 [121, p. 16]. However, the connection between tourist areas in the district with each other and between tourist areas in the district with tourist areas outside the region is not yet clear, so it has not created a system of attractive tours, attracting tourists to stay longer. Specialty products (Huong Son apricot, rau sang, cassava cake...) and traditional handicrafts (embroidery, lacquerware...) have not created unique souvenirs to serve tourists, so the economic efficiency is not yet commensurate with the inherent potential of the district.

d) Transportation, basic construction

Realizing the importance of developing infrastructure systems for the development of the socio-economy in general and for the cause of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in particular, My Duc district actively invested in building infrastructure with the right direction, with focus, production areas associated with national security and defense, implementing well the motto of the State and people working together. In 5 years (1996 - 2000), the total investment capital for construction was 151,854 million VND, of which the capital of the Central and the province was 33,811 million VND, the district budget was 15,224 million VND, the people contributed 102,821 million VND, focusing on building works serving the socio-economic development in the locality. Through investment, many new production capacities were increased, effectively serving the economy.

- The district's society developed, especially in the period 2000 to 2007:

* Transportation:

The district's transportation system has been expanded. The district has focused on renovating and upgrading a number of important inter-district and inter-commune roads, such as the Te Tieu to Cho Ben road; the district axis road from Te Tieu town to Huong Son. The axis roads from the district to Phuc Lam, An My - Tuy Lai, Te Tieu - Cho Vai, Dai Nghia - An Tien... have all been repaired and upgraded. The inter-village roads of Dai Hung, Huong Son, Hop Thanh, My Thanh, Van Kim, Hung Tien, Tuy Lai communes have been paved, concreted or upgraded, creating a more and more beautiful and clean rural appearance.

In terms of transportation, investment has been made to renovate and upgrade a number of important traffic routes of the district and inter-commune roads such as route 76 from Te Tieu town to Ben market, the district axis road from Te Tieu town to Huong Son... The road network has been developed evenly to communes and villages in the whole district with a total length of 112 km (of which the province manages 16 km, the district manages 96 km), not to mention hundreds of kilometers of intra-field traffic. Renovation and upgrading of 10 bus stations in the whole district. The traffic system has ensured that cars can transport to every commune and village in the district.

The traffic system of My Duc is quite complete, including 1 national highway (1.4 km), 4 provincial roads (49 km), 11 district roads (108 km) and a rural traffic system including 625.83 km of inter-commune, inter-village and inter-lane roads connecting rural residential areas in the district. In addition, the district has 3 mobile bus stations, 7 static bus stations and 9 passenger pick-up and drop-off points in operation. In general, the traffic network of My Duc has initially met the needs of communication and economic development of the district.

In addition to the road traffic system, My Duc also has nearly 40 km of waterway traffic on the Day River, and Te Tieu port can receive medium-sized transport vehicles. The capacity is 20,000 tons/year. However, due to the lack of dredging of the waterway, the volume of transport is not much, and the means of transport by river have not been properly invested, so the volume of transport by waterway is still limited [121].

Due to the characteristics of the My Duc transportation network, passenger and cargo transportation is mainly by road. The number of vehicles in this period increased rapidly: there were 60 cars, 9 lam cars, 433 agricultural vehicles and 6 motorboats serving the travel and cargo transportation needs of the people. The number of vehicles increased, the transportation capacity was good, so the transportation revenue increased compared to the previous period: reaching

10,120 million VND (1.5 times higher than in 1995) [121].

Table 3.7. Freight and passenger transport

Item

Unit	1995	2005
1. Freight transport:
- Shipping volume	1,000 tons	101	230
- Mass transfer	1,000 tons/year	863	4,200
2. Passenger transport
- Shipping volume	1,000 people	132	301
- Volume of circulation	1,000 people/km	1926	2,327

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• Pre-tax Profit of Bidv Tien Giang in the Period 2011-2015 zt2i3t4l5ee zt2a3gsnon-credit services, joint stock commercial bank zt2a3ge zc2o3n4t5e6n7ts At that time, the Branch had to set aside a provision for credit risks, which reduced the Branch's income. Chart 2.2. Pre-tax profit of BIDV Tien Giang in the period 2011-2015 Unit: Billion VND 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 63.3 80.34 89.29 110.08 131.99 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Profit before tax (Source: Report on the implementation of the annual business plan of the General Planning Department of BIDV Tien Giang [24]) However, through chart 2.2, it can be seen that BIDV Tien Giang's profit is still increasing continuously, and its operating efficiency is currently leaking. This is a contribution of non-credit services, and this service segment will be increasingly focused on growth by BIDV Tien Giang to ensure the highest profit safety because credit activities have many potential risks. At the same time, focusing on developing non-credit services is consistent with one of the contents of restructuring the financial activities of credit institutions in the project "Restructuring the system of credit institutions in the period 2011-2015" approved by the Prime Minister in Decision No. 254/QD-TTg dated March 1, 2012 [14]: "Gradually shifting the business model of commercial banks towards reducing dependence on credit activities and increasing income from non-credit services". 2.2. Current status of non-credit service development at BIDV Tien Giang. 2.2.1. BIDV Tien Giang has deployed the development of non-credit services in recent times. Along with the development of the Head Office, BIDV Tien Giang's products and services are constantly improved and deployed in a diverse manner to ensure provision for many different customer groups in the area: individual customers, corporate customers, and financial institutions. Typical services are as follows: Payment services, treasury services, guarantee services, card services, trade finance, other services: Western Union, insurance commissions, consulting services, foreign exchange derivatives trading, e-banking services,... 2.2.1.1. Payment services: In accordance with the Prime Minister's Project to promote non-cash payments in Vietnam [15], banks in Tien Giang province have continuously developed payment services to reduce customers' cash usage habits through card services and electronic banking services such as: salary payment through accounts, focusing on developing card acceptance points, developing multi-purpose cards, paying social insurance by transfer, paying bills through banks, etc. Chart 2.3. Net income from payment services in the period 2011-2015 Unit: Million VND 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 3922 4065 4720 5084 5324 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Net income from payment services (Source: Report on the implementation of the annual business plan of the General Planning Department of BIDV Tien Giang [24]) Along with the technological development of the entire system, BIDV Tien Giang has a payment system with a fairly stable transaction processing speed, bringing many conveniences to customers. The results of observing chart 2.3 show that the income from payment services that the Branch has achieved has grown over the years but the speed is not high and the products are not outstanding compared to other banks. Domestic payment products such as: Online bill payment, electricity bills, water bills, insurance premiums, cable TV bills, telecommunications fees, airline tickets, etc. bring many conveniences to customers. Regarding international payment, this is an indispensable activity for foreign economic activities, BIDV Tien Giang is providing international payment methods for small enterprises producing agriculture, aquatic food and seafood that have credit relationships with banks in industrial parks in Tien Giang province such as: money transfer, collection, L/C payment. 2.2.1.2. Treasury services: BIDV Tien Giang always focuses on ensuring treasury safety and currency security, always complies with legal regulations, and minimizes risks in operations such as: counting and collecting money from customers, receiving and delivering internal transactions, collecting from the State Bank (SBV) or other credit institutions, receiving ATM funds, bundling money, etc. BIDV Tien Giang's treasury service management department is always fully equipped with modern machinery and equipment such as: money transport vehicles, fire prevention tools, money counters, money detectors, magnifying glasses, etc. to ensure absolute safety in treasury operations, immediately identifying real and fake money and other risks that may affect people and assets of the bank and customers. In addition, implementing regulation 2480/QC dated October 28, 2008 between the State Bank of Tien Giang province and the Provincial Police on coordination in the fight against counterfeit money, in the 3-year review of implementation, BIDV Tien Giang discovered, seized and submitted to the State Bank of Tien Giang province 475 banknotes of various denominations and was commended by the Provincial Police and the State Bank of Tien Giang province [17]. Chart 2.4. Net income from treasury services in the period 2011-2015 Unit: Million VND 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 105 122 309 289 279 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Net income from treasury services (Source: Report on the implementation of the annual business plan of the General Planning Department of BIDV Tien Giang [24]) However, as shown in Figure 2.4, income from treasury operations is not high and fluctuates. Specifically, in the period 2011-2013, net income increased and increased most sharply in 2013, then in the period 2013-2015, there was a downward trend. This fluctuation is due to the fact that fees collected from treasury services are often very low and can even be waived to attract customers to use other services. 2.2.1.3. Guarantee and trade finance services: BIDV Tien Giang, thanks to the advantages of the province and the favorable location of the Branch, has continuously focused on developing income from guarantee services and trade finance. Chart 2.5. Net income from guarantee and trade finance services in the period 2011-2015 Unit: Million VND 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 5193 5695 2742 3420 8889 3992 11604 12206 5143 5312 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Net income from guarantee services Net income from Trade Finance (Source: Report on the implementation of the annual business plan of the General Planning Department of BIDV Tien Giang [24]) Through chart 2.5, we can see that BIDV Tien Giang's income from guarantee services and trade finance has grown over the years. The reason is: Among BIDV Tien Giang's corporate customers, the construction industry is the industry with the highest proportion of customers after the trading industry, this is a group of customers with potential to develop guarantee services. The second group of customers is corporate customers in the fields of agricultural production, livestock and seafood processing with high import and export turnover in the area. are the target of trade finance development. In addition, BIDV Tien Giang also focuses on continuously developing these customer groups to increase revenue for many other products and services in the future. 2.2.1.4. Card and POS services: As a service that BIDV Tien Giang has recently developed strongly, it can be said that this is a very potential market and has the ability to develop even more strongly in the future. Card services with outstanding advantages such as fast payment time, wide payment range, quite safe, effective and suitable for the integration trend and the Project to promote non-cash payments in Vietnam. Cards have become a modern and popular payment tool. BIDV Tien Giang early identified that developing card services is to expand the market to people in society, create capital mobilized from card-opened accounts, contribute to diversifying banking activities, enhance the image of the bank, bring the BIDV Tien Giang brand to people as quickly and easily as possible. BIDV Tien Giang is currently providing card types such as: credit cards (BIDV MasterCard Platinum, BIDV Visa Gold Precious, BIDV Visa Manchester United, BIDV Visa Classic), international debit cards (BIDV Ready Card, BIDV Manu Debit Card), domestic debit cards (BIDV Harmony Card, BIDV eTrans Card, BIDV Moving Card, BIDV-Lingo Co-branded Card, BIDV-Co.opmart Co-branded Card). These cards can be paid via POS/EDC or on the ATM system. In addition, with debit cards, customers can not only withdraw money via ATMs but also perform utilities such as mobile top-up, online payment, money transfer,... through electronic banking services. In order to attract customers with card services, BIDV Tien Giang has continuously increased the installation of ATMs. As of December 31, 2015, BIDV Tien Giang has 23 ATMs combined with 7 ATMs in the same system of BIDV My Tho, so the number of ATMs is quite large, especially in the center of My Tho City, but is not yet fully present in the districts. Basic services on ATMs such as withdrawing money, checking balances, printing short statements,... BIDV ATMs accept cards from banks in the system. Banknetvn and Smartlink, cards branded by international card organizations Union Pay (CUP), VISA, MasterCard and cards of banks in the Asian Payment Network. From here, cardholders can make bill payments for themselves or others at ATMs, by simply entering the subscriber number or customer code, booking code that service providers notify and make bill payments. Chart 2.6. Net income from card services in the period 2011-2015 Unit: Million VND 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 687 1023 1547 2267 3104 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Net income from card services (Source: Report on the implementation of the annual business plan of the General Planning Department of BIDV Tien Giang [24]) Through chart 2.6, it can be seen that BIDV Tien Giang's card service income is constantly growing because the Branch focuses on developing businesses operating in industrial parks, which are the source of customers for salary payment products, ATMs, BSMS. Specifically, there are companies such as Freeview, Quang Viet, Dai Thanh, which are businesses with a large number of card openings at the Branch, contributing to the increase in card service fees [25]. Table 2.6. Number of ATMs and POS machines in 2015 of some banks in Tien Giang area. Unit: Machine STT Bank name Number of ATMs Cumulative number of ATM cards POS machine 1 BIDV Tien Giang 23 97,095 22 2 BIDV My Tho 7 21,325 0 3 Agribank Tien Giang 29 115,743 77 4 Vietinbank Tien Giang 16 100,052 54 5 Dong A Tien Giang 26 97,536 11 6 Sacombank Tien Giang 24 88,513 27 7 Vietcombank Tien Giang 15 61,607 96 8 Vietinbank - Tay Tien Giang Branch 6 46,042 38 (Source: 2015 Banking Activity Data Report of the General and Internal Control Department of the Provincial State Bank [21]) Through table 2.6, the author finds that the number of ATMs of BIDV Tien Giang is not much, ranking fourth after Agribank Tien Giang, Dong A Tien Giang, Sacombank Tien Giang. The number of POS machines of BIDV Tien Giang is very small, only higher than Dong A Tien Giang and BIDV My Tho in the initial stages of merging the BIDV system. Besides, BIDV Tien Giang has a high number of cards increasing over the years (table 2.7) but the cumulative number of cards issued up to December 31, 2015 is still relatively low compared to Agribank, Vietcombank, Dong A (table 2.6). div.maincontent .content_head3 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .p { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; margin:0pt; } div.maincontent p { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; margin:0pt; } div.maincontent .s1 { color: black; font-family:"Courier New", monospace; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s2 { color: black; font-family:"Times New Roman", serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; 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[119, 121]

* About basic construction:

- Irrigation: the district has built 8 new pumping stations: Hung Tien, Yen Vi (Huong Son), Bai Giua Bridge (Hop Thanh), Dam Cong (Hop Tien), An My 2 pumping station, Phu Van (Bot Xuyen), Phung Xa and Le Thanh pumping stations. In addition to raising the Quan Son lake dyke, Ha My dyke, Quan Quoc dyke, Day river dyke in Phu Yen village, Phuc Lam commune and Phung Xa to prevent foreign water. The district has invested in building 756 new bridges and culverts of all kinds, and solidified 8 km of canals in the whole district.

Infrastructure serving agriculture and rural areas has been increasingly invested. In 2000, the district had 31 electric pumping stations with 191 pumps and a total capacity of 144,000 m3/h, including 148 irrigation pumps with a capacity of 20,000 m3/h and 43 drainage pumps with a capacity of 124,000 m3/h. By 2008, the district had 39 drainage pumping stations with 177 pumps of various types. The main drainage canal system is the Phu Luu Te pumping station drainage canal; the drainage canals of 3 communes Hop Tien, Phu Luu Te, Hong Son; and the N7 drainage canal. In addition, the district has 122.7 km of various types of dikes: Doc Lap dike, Day river dike, Quan Son lake dike, and My Ha dike [121].

With this irrigation system, My Duc agriculture will develop smoothly. However, currently in the district, there are still 30 hectares of rice growing area without irrigation works, 1,000 hectares of winter crop without stable irrigation source, 1,700 hectares without guaranteed drainage works. This problem requires the district's functional departments to have timely solutions.

- Other works of the district such as the headquarters of the District Party Committee - People's Council - District People's Committee... have been built and upgraded. These works have been effective, contributing to the economic and social development of the district.

- Electricity system: Due to the priority of electricity development of Ha Tay province, currently in My Duc district, 100% of communes and towns have access to the national grid, with 100% of villages and 99.2% of households having access to electricity. As of 2008, the district has 196 transformer stations with 205 transformers, reaching a total capacity of 51,435 KVA, ensuring 24/24h electricity demand with safe and stable quality. Electricity output in 2007 reached 64.5 million KWH. However, due to the high rate of electricity loss (10.39%), electricity overload is occurring due to the increasing demand for electricity for production and daily life. Therefore, starting from 2006, the district has implemented a program to renovate and upgrade meters and low-voltage wires, which has been completed in 13 communes. In 2008, the district planned to import an overload-proof power grid to improve the service quality of the electricity industry.

My Duc district focuses on investing in local infrastructure, especially in electricity - roads - schools and stations. These projects are mostly a combination of investment from the provincial budget, district budget, and contributions from the people. In the district, almost every commune has 2 to 4 power transformer stations to serve the production and daily life of the people. Due to the power grid, many families in the villages and communes have opened production and service workshops such as milling, welding, small mechanics, carpentry, especially the tourism service system in the Huong Pagoda area. Upgrade electrical works, improve electricity management to provide electricity and water for farmers, convenient and developed.

e) Financial and banking activities

To develop the economy and society, My Duc District has mobilized capital from many different sources: State grants, people's contributions, investment capital from programs sponsored by Government or non-Government organizations, and accumulated capital from within the economy.

Table 3.8. Total investment capital in the district

period 1995 - 2005

(Unit: million VND)

Target

1995	2000	2005
Total investment	33,000	31,200	51,305
In there:
- Provincial and Central budget	3030	3120	5100
- District budget	2790	1225	3305
- Other sources	100	265	2228
- Investment capital mobilization	2300	8090	15072
- People's capital construction	24780	18500	25600
Ratio to total production value	8.02%	7.4%	9.3%

[68, 76, 86]

The above table shows that the total annual investment capital has never reached 10% of the total production value in the area, mainly contributed by the people and focused on building administrative agencies and investing in economic development of the district.

The State Bank operates actively and innovates in business, creating favorable conditions for economic sectors to borrow capital to develop production, stabilize life, and reduce poverty.

However, it is still a poor district of Ha Tay province. In the district, there are many communes with difficulties and have to receive subsidies every year, such as: Hop Thanh, An Phu, An Tien, Hung Tien, Doc Tin, Van Kim, Dong Tam, Thuong Lam, Phuc Lam, Bot Xuyen, Te Tieu town (Dai Nghia).

3.2.2. Changes in economic structure

If before 1996, the main economic components of My Duc district were mainly state-owned economy and collective economy, then after 1996, the non-state-owned economy appeared and developed quite strongly.

In the agricultural sector, in addition to the collective economic component (cooperative), this period saw the emergence of a private economy, especially a strong household economy, an economy based on the farm model managed by individuals. This, associated with the development