Factors Affecting Tourism Economic Development

tourist area with tourists and is one of the reasons for tourists to choose to stay for the next time.

1.2.2. Factors affecting tourism economic development

1.2.2.1. Natural factors

*Geographical location

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Geographical location is important for the development of tourism economy. Is the tourist destination located in a tourist development area or not; The distance from the tourist destination to the tourist-related points is short. This distance is important for the country receiving tourists. If the country receiving tourists is far from the tourist sending point, it affects tourists in two aspects: Tourists have to spend more money on travel because of the long distance and tourists have to shorten their stay at the tourist destination because of the long travel time.

*Terrain

The terrain of a place often determines the beauty and diversity of the landscape there. For tourism, the important condition is that the locality must have diverse terrain and natural features such as sea, forest, river, lake, mountain, etc. Tourists often prefer places with many hills, mountains, sea, islands, etc., and often do not like places with monotonous terrain and landscape that they consider boring and unsuitable for tourism.

*Climate

Places with temperate climates are generally preferred by tourists. Many surveys have shown that tourists tend to avoid places that are too cold, too humid or too hot, too dry. Places with a lot of wind are also not suitable for tourism development.

Each type of tourism requires different climatic conditions. For example, beach tourists often prefer climatic conditions such as: relatively few rainy days during the tourist season, high average sunshine hours per day, and high temperatures.

The average daytime air temperature is not very high, the nighttime climate temperature is not very high, pleasant….

*Flora

Flora plays an important role in the development of tourism mainly due to its diversity and large number of forests, flowers, etc. Forests are factories that produce oxygen and are quiet places. If the flora is rich and rare, it will attract tourists who are curious and love natural scenery. For tourists, plants that do not exist in their country often have a strong attraction and appeal. For example, European tourists often like to go to places with tropical forests, many climbing plants, big and tall trees, etc.

*Fauna

Animals are also one of the factors to attract tourists. Many animal species can be the subject of hunting tourism. There are rare animal species that can be the subject of research, breeding, and protection in zoos.

*Water resources

Surface water resources such as ponds, lakes, rivers, streams, lagoons, etc. not only create conditions for air conditioning, developing the transportation network in general, but also create conditions for developing many types of tourism in particular.

Mineral water sources are an indispensable premise for the development of medical tourism. The healing properties of mineral water sources have been developed since the time of the Roman Empire. Today, mineral water sources play a decisive role in the development of medical tourism.

1.2.2.2. Socio-economic factors

*Resource factors

Labor force

Typically, the labor force includes all people who are of working age (usually older than a certain age (usually around 14 to 16 years old) and not yet of retirement age (usually around 65 years old) who are participating in the labor force. People not counted in the labor force are students, retirees, non-citizens, and people who do not intend to seek employment.

Abundant labor force in a locality, a large number of people of working age will contribute and have important significance in developing local tourism economy.

Natural resources

The initial basis of tourism development is the tourism potential of natural resources: primeval forests, seas, natural landscapes... Nature has bestowed upon humans these invaluable resources. In Vietnam: Ha Long Bay, Cuc Phuong forest, caves in Quang Binh, Ninh Binh... are the destinations of the tourism industry as well as tourists in the future.

Human resources

Cultural, historical values, political and economic achievements have a special significance for the development of tourism in a place, a region or a country. They have a special appeal to the majority of tourists with many different needs and purposes of travel.

Historical values ​​have a special appeal to tourists interested in knowledge. Historical values ​​are divided into two groups:

Historical values ​​associated with the common culture of mankind: These historical values ​​awaken common interests and attract tourists with many different travel purposes.

Special historical values: these are often not very well known and are usually only of interest to specialists in the field.

All countries have historical values, but in each country those historical values ​​have different appeals to tourists. Usually they attract domestic tourists who have a deep understanding of their national history.

Similar to historical values, cultural values ​​also attract tourists for sightseeing and research purposes. First of all, we must mention the centers of scientific institutes, universities, large and famous libraries, cities with art and sculpture exhibitions, centers that regularly organize music festivals, stage performances, film festivals, international sports competitions, singing competitions, villages with unique architecture and construction, exhibitions of various art forms, etc.

Cultural values ​​attract not only tourists with the purpose of participating in research, but also attract the majority of tourists with other purposes, in other fields and from other places. Almost all tourists with average cultural level can enjoy the cultural values ​​of the country visited. Therefore, all cities with cultural values ​​or organizing cultural activities are visited by many tourists and become cultural tourism centers.

Traditional customs are also always highly attractive resources for tourists.

The economic achievements of a country or region also have a special appeal to most tourists. Tourists often compare the achievements of the national economy of the country they visit with those of previous years, or with their own economy. To promote the economic achievements of the country or region, many exhibitions, fairs and fairs are also organized.

Cultural factors

Cultural and historical values ​​and economic achievements have a special significance for tourism development in a place, a region, a country, and have a special appeal to a large number of tourists with different purposes of the trip.

Resources of historical value have special appeal to tourists with a thirst for knowledge. Resources of cultural value also attract tourists for sightseeing, research purposes, etc. In addition, the country's economic and technical achievements also attract tourists.

* Planning for tourism economic development

The tourism economic development plan is a document specifying the development strategy; justification and selection of reasonable development options, organizing tourism development in a certain space. This is a document showing the general economic and social development strategy, and the tourism development strategy in particular in terms of time and space. The construction of a specific and reasonable tourism development plan will clearly demonstrate the goals and implementation solutions, and specific orientations in the tourism development process of the country as well as in each locality. On the other hand, tourism development planning is a scientific basis for having specialized programs and projects in tourism development.

Tourism development planning includes many contents such as: analyzing potentials, evaluating the current status of tourism development and forecasting factors affecting tourism activities; Justifying the goals of tourism economic development; determining specific tasks; Justifying items and resources for tourism development; Determining solutions on mechanisms and policies for tourism development.

*Economic structure

Economic structure includes economic components and businesses in different fields located throughout the territory of a country that make up the economy of that country.

that country. The economic structure must be reasonable, stable, based on all directions of local development. The economic structure must be suitable to the characteristics of the locality and must be sustainable and able to develop in the long term.

An economy with division of labor, with sectors, fields, economic sectors and the development of certain productive forces will form an economic structure with a proportion corresponding to the sectors, that proportion is changed regularly and consciously according to the objective evolution of social needs and the ability to meet those needs. The economic structure is a summary, condensed expression of the content of the socio-economic development strategy of each certain development stage. But that does not mean subjectively imposing, arbitrarily setting for sectors proportions and positions contrary to the requirements and development trends of society. Any subjective, hasty imposition to create an economic structure according to one's wishes often leads to no small disaster, because mistakes in economic structure are strategic mistakes, difficult to overcome, with long-term consequences.

*Economic policy

Economic policy is a viewpoint and mechanism that affects economic activities. Economic policy includes all policies in areas such as investment policy, credit policy, land policy, training policy and human resource development...

Therefore, tourism development in a locality depends largely on the economic policies of this locality. Economic policies that create favorable conditions and prioritize tourism development and tourism activities are one of the good conditions for tourism activities to develop. On the contrary, if in a locality, although there is potential for tourism economic development, the local economic policy does not pay attention to this issue, it is also a factor that hinders development.

*Economic integration

Economic integration is one of the very important factors for the development of the tourism economy. The high efficiency in tourism business is shown first of all in the fact that tourism is an industry that "exports on the spot" industrial goods, handicrafts, and forestry products at higher retail prices without having to bear international trade tariff barriers. Tourism is also an industry with foreign factors, not only related to international visitors but also the cooperation between countries, international organizations of governmental and non-governmental nature on tourism, which has a positive impact on the formation of international economic relations. International tourism is a "foreign currency import - export" hub, contributing to the development of international foreign exchange relations.

Tourism development must expand to the world, can help the country promote its image, enhance the country's position, help people of other countries know the people and landscapes of their country. Promoting the country's image through tourism is very effective. Therefore, the international integration criterion is an indispensable criterion when evaluating the development of the tourism economy.

1.2.3. Criteria for evaluating tourism economic development

1.2.3.1. Growth rate of tourism economy

The growth of the tourism economy is first reflected in the growth of sales and revenue. Revenue is the total amount of money earned from providing tourism services and other tourism activities. Revenue from tourism must increase, each year higher than the previous year.

The growth of the tourism economy must also be reflected in the quality of growth. Growth must be sustainable, ensuring factors of nature, society, environment, security, etc.

In the criteria for evaluating growth, first of all, tourism must contribute to increasing the proportion of GDP of the tourism industry in the service sector.

Gross National Income. Tourism brings in increasing income to society and actively participates in the process of redistribution of national income.

1.2.3.2. Degree of connection, connection density

One of the criteria for assessing the development of the tourism economy is the level of connection. Tourism development must have connections, connections and development of other economic sectors. Tourism is a comprehensive economic sector, the tourism products created are not simply from the tourism sector but also a combination of other economic sectors. For example, to have accommodation facilities, it is necessary to have a construction sector, to have raw materials for processing in the food and beverage business of restaurants and hotels, it is necessary to have agriculture, processing industry... Therefore, tourism business activities require interdisciplinary support. On the other hand, the development of the tourism economy creates conditions for tourists to explore the market, sign contracts on domestic production and business, and take advantage of the technical facilities of other economic sectors. Thus, through that, other economic sectors develop, expand the market for goods and services, promote trade activities...

1.2.3.3. Contribution to GDP of tourism economy

Like other local economic sectors, tourism has contributions to the general economy of the region. Not only that, the contributions of the tourism economy to the local economy are also very significant, contributing an important and large part to the total GDP of the region.

Reality has proven that any land with tourism economy also leads to the development of other economic sectors as well as the general economy of the whole region. In famous tourist areas of the country such as Nha Trang, Vung Tau, Da Nang, Quang Ninh, etc., the tourism economy has been and is the support for other economic sectors in the region, and thus, the contribution of the tourism economy certainly accounts for the majority compared to other economic sectors of the whole region.