Factors Affecting State Management of Tourism Activities

On the one hand, the State guides and stimulates tourism businesses to operate according to the outlined orientation, on the other hand, the State must intervene and regulate the market when necessary to ensure macroeconomic stability. In the tourism business activities in our country today, unfair and unhealthy competition is one of the major obstacles to the development of the industry. Therefore, the State must have a strong regulatory role.

- The State can use many different tools and measures to regulate tourism business activities and properly handle conflicts in relationships.

1.2.2.4. Supervisory role

- The State supervises the activities of all tourism business entities as well as their management regimes (in terms of business registration, product plans, product quality and standards, environmental pollution, business management mechanisms, tax obligations, etc.), grants and revokes licenses and permits for tourism activities.

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- Detect deviations, risks of deviation or violations of laws and regulations of the State, thereby making appropriate adjustment decisions to enhance the effectiveness of state management of tourism activities.

- The State must also inspect and evaluate the State's tourism management organization system as well as the capacity of the team of civil servants managing the State's tourism activities.

- Organize and manage the training, fostering and development of tourism human resources, research and application of science and technology, protection of tourism resources and environment, preservation and promotion of cultural identity and national customs and traditions in tourism activities.

1.2.3. State management content of tourism activities of provincial authorities

The reality of tourism activities has shown that in a market mechanism with State management, State management is very necessary. Tourism is an interdisciplinary, inter-regional and highly socialized activity. If it is left to develop on its own, the market develops spontaneously, State management is loosened, and there is no unity of inter-sectoral and inter-regional factors, tourism activities will be deviated, the market will be monopolized, and resources will be lost.

Tourism resources are being exhausted, not ensuring sustainable tourism development. Many issues such as master planning for tourism development, protection of ecological environment, social order and safety, integration, multilateral or bilateral agreements on creating travel conditions for tourists, etc. cannot be solved without the role of the State. Especially in the trend of globalization and regionalization of tourism activities, cooperation and association always go hand in hand with competition, requiring each country to have a comprehensive strategy for tourism development based on its own conditions, both promoting its own characteristics, mobilizing internal resources to increase the ability to attract tourists while being consistent with international practices, taking advantage of external resources, and creating conditions for integration. This is an issue under the State's authority and also the State's responsibility in tourism development.

To promote rapid and sustainable tourism development, ensure economic, cultural, social goals, ensure national security, social order and safety, environmental protection,... state management of tourism has the following main contents:

Firstly, develop and publicize tourism development plans and projects in the area to help units operating in the tourism sector orient their development.

Building and publicizing tourism development strategies, plans and schemes is one of the state management contents that is decisive for tourism development in the locality of the provincial government. It helps individuals and organizations (investors) feel secure when deciding to invest in the tourism sector.

In tourism business activities, the ultimate goal of business units is profit. Therefore, if not properly oriented for development, it will cause waste and inefficiency due to not being suitable for market demand and local development reality, especially investment activities in building and developing infrastructure for tourist areas and spots,... or investing in building technical facilities such as restaurants, hotels, motels... Therefore, provincial authorities must pay close attention to the construction and timely publicization of local tourism development strategies, plans and schemes. The goals and targets in tourism development strategies, plans and schemes must be consistent with the overall development strategies and plans of the whole country. Meeting the requirements of the integration process today

deeper and wider into the world economy associated with the process of accelerating the implementation of industrialization and modernization of the country. Only then can each business unit operating in the tourism sector build its own development strategy and plan in accordance with the general development strategy and plan of the locality.

Second, organize the implementation of general policies and laws of the State related to tourism activities and promulgate legal documents and tourism development policies specific to the locality under its authority.

Policy making and law making are difficult, but what is more difficult is how to put them into practice. Policies and laws for the economy of a country in general and in the tourism sector in particular are just regulations of the State, the will of the State that all other entities (including the State itself) must implement. Therefore, in order for policies and laws to come into practice, state agencies in general and provincial authorities in particular must organize strict implementation. Provincial authorities must organize propaganda and dissemination of policies and laws on tourism to officials, civil servants and people in the area to help them have correct awareness, thereby taking the right actions in practical activities; ensuring compliance and strict implementation of policies and laws on tourism. On the other hand, provincial authorities must strengthen inspection and supervision of the implementation of tourism policies and laws in the province, and strictly handle any violations of the law. They must not arbitrarily change their policies, quickly remove old documents that are contrary to newly issued documents, and minimize duplication, causing difficulties for tourism activities.

In addition, to develop tourism on the basis of exploiting the potential and comparative advantages of the locality, the provincial government must actively improve the legal environment, investment and business environment through concretizing and organizing the implementation of the State's general policies and laws on tourism development in accordance with local conditions. At the same time, research and promulgate mechanisms and policies under the authority of specific local characteristics such as investment incentive policies, preferential land rent policies, land lease terms, preferential credit policies, etc. to create favorable conditions, create peace of mind and trust for organizations and individuals (including

both domestically and internationally) when investing in tourism business. However, the issuance of local mechanisms and policies must ensure compliance with the provisions of the law and regulations of superior State agencies, and must be transparent on the basis of using local resources to encourage development, while also ensuring stability, equality and strictness in the implementation process. In addition, provincial authorities need to continue to carry out administrative reforms at the local level in a professional and effective manner. Continue to implement the one-stop model in investment registration, business registration... Standardize administrative procedures in the spirit of strict compliance with the law, publicity, transparency and convenience.

On the other hand, the infrastructure system and tourism technical facilities are one of the important conditions for tourism development. Therefore, provincial authorities need to have priority policies and support for investment in building tourism infrastructure in tourist areas and destinations such as: opening roads, building electricity systems, providing clean water, developing communication systems, supporting the restoration of cultural and historical relics, architectural works, tourist landscapes, etc. In addition, provincial authorities need to ensure stable consumer prices and tourism markets, have reasonable income regulation policies and guide tourism businesses to participate in implementing local social policies. To do this, provincial authorities must flexibly use management tools to limit price increases and monopoly in local tourism business activities. Tourism is a breakthrough that stimulates the development of many industries and fields and is also a field that generates high profits. Therefore, there must be reasonable policies to guide businesses to use the profits earned to continue investing in long-term and sustainable development, reasonably exploiting the available tourism potential of the locality, especially in remote communes with tourism development potential to contribute to improving the material and spiritual life of local people.

Third, perfecting the organization of the state management apparatus for tourism.

The state management apparatus for tourism in the province is a system of authorities at all levels from province to city, district, town, commune, directly responsible or

indirectly manage the tourism industry. The role of the state management apparatus on tourism is shown in:

Firstly, as the subject of tourism management in the narrow sense, the state administrative apparatus is indispensable. A streamlined and highly effective management apparatus is a factor promoting tourism development.

Second, only through the state management apparatus for tourism can the State fulfill its role in directing the tourism industry to develop effectively, stably and with social equity, as well as implementing the orientation and goals in tourism development.

Third, management tools, including the management apparatus, are all created by humans. A state management apparatus for tourism with a team of qualified and capable management staff will promote the power of other management tools.

Fourth, the tourism management apparatus in the province will operate well if there is decentralization, assignment of tasks, and a clear and transparent coordination mechanism, then the tourism management will achieve results, efficiency, and effectiveness.

Fourth, organize training, fostering and support training and fostering human resources for tourism activities.

As in other fields and professions, the quality of human resources in tourism activities also has a decisive influence on the development of this field. Because, from global competition, competition between countries, industries, businesses to competition of each product, in the end, it is competition by the intelligence of managers and the quality of human resources. In order for tourism activities of a country, a region, a locality to develop, organizing training, fostering and supporting training and fostering of human resources for tourism activities need to be regularly implemented. In particular, localities with great potential for tourism development need to have strategies, development plans, and improve the quality of human resources, only then can tourism potential be effectively exploited, contributing to accelerating the socio-economic development of the locality.

Fifth, create inter-sectoral, inter-regional and inter-national connections in tourism activities; between localities and the central government in state management of tourism.

Improving connectivity is a prerequisite for sustainable development of the industry.

Tourism in the period of international economic integration, including inter-sectoral, inter-regional, and inter-national. Closer linkages between tourism businesses, linkages between businesses and state management agencies will also create a favorable and fair business environment and mechanism. To achieve this, on the one hand, state management agencies for tourism at the central and local levels must be unified and always maintain a close relationship and close connection with each other in organizing the implementation of tourism laws; implementing principles and mechanisms, tourism development policies of the country in general and at the local level in particular to ensure effectiveness and efficiency. On the other hand, in response to the requirements of international economic integration, in order to create better conditions for businesses operating in local tourism, provincial authorities need to do a good job of providing information, updating new policies on tourism, organizing training for state management officials and business administrators to help them understand the commitments and obligations of the State and businesses according to international law and the conditions of the World Trade Organization (WTO).

Provincial authorities need to become the center connecting tourism businesses in the area with the inter-regional, regional and world markets, especially with major economic centers. On the one hand, provincial authorities perform the task of participating in international cooperation on tourism according to the provisions of law, contributing to promoting linkages and integration of tourism services with countries in the region and internationally. On the other hand, it is necessary to proactively act as a "connector" through organizing and establishing information points, selecting and publicizing transaction addresses of reputable agencies, organizations and businesses operating in major economic centers in the region and the world to help businesses have the necessary information to be able to choose joint venture and association partners. At the same time, it is also necessary to promote investment promotion activities in building infrastructure and tourism technical facilities, promoting local tourism through organizing seminars, organizing working delegations to combine visits and experience exchange with other localities in the country or abroad...

Sixth, carry out inspection and examination of tourism activities and handle violations in the tourism sector.

The rapid development of tourism will give rise to negative behaviors such as over-exploitation of tourist works, areas and spots, pollution of the ecological environment, tourism business activities contrary to the cultural identity of the country and locality... Therefore, provincial authorities must direct the regular implementation of inspection, supervision and monitoring of tourism activities to prevent or promptly stop negative behaviors that may occur. To effectively implement this content, provincial authorities need to do a good job of propaganda, dissemination and education of laws and regulations of the province on investment and exploitation of tourist areas and spots in the area; carry out registration and operation according to business registration, especially conditional business activities such as: accommodation business, travel business,...; at the same time, it is necessary to strictly handle all violations of tourism laws in the area.

1.3. Factors affecting state management of tourism activities

1.3.1. External factors

1.3.1.1. Orientation, strategy, planning, and plans of the Party and State

The policies on land, finance, training and human resource development for tourism, tourism restructuring, including restructuring of capital sources for tourism development and tourism business models, are the most obvious manifestations of changes in the state management mechanism. This is a great driving force to change the overall tourism picture of each locality and region in the country, contributing to the development of the tourism industry in a profound and comprehensive manner. With the trend of international economic integration, tourism has been promoted to develop more strongly and extensively. The State has put forward favorable mechanisms and policies for the development of the tourism industry, based on the viewpoints, resolutions and policies of the Party in tourism development. The State is the unit that concretizes the viewpoints and guidelines of the Party into the practice of state management for the whole society in general and for tourism activities in particular. To perform its functions, the State issues legal documents related to the tourism sector, specified in laws and decrees to regulate and promote tourism development according to orientation. Therefore, if the policy is correct, it will bring practical results, promote tourism, promote economic development, and improve the quality of life for the people. On the contrary, if the orientation is unscientific and inaccurate, the State's legal documents will

Being out of touch with reality, lacking in optimism, and being subjective will lead to misdirected development, while unreasonable investment will hinder development.

1.3.1.2. Development of tourism

This is the subject of state management of tourism in a locality or territory. Good tourism activities are reflected through the development of tourism. As tourism develops, its scale becomes larger, its scope is expanded and its quality is higher, as well as more and more complex relationships arise. In other words, the subject of state management of tourism moves and changes over time and according to objective economic laws.

While state management decisions are subjective, they are only effective if they are appropriate and highly scientific. Therefore, state management of tourism activities must always be comprehensively innovated from planning, organization, operation to control and adjustment. Only then can state management be truly effective.

1.3.2. Internal factors

1.3.2.1. Mechanisms and policies on tourism management of provincial authorities

The Provincial Party Committee, People's Council, and People's Committee shall develop specific strategies, plans, and projects to make the most effective use of local resources. This is an important factor in determining tourism development in the province. Tourism development strategies, plans, and projects must be consistent with the province's socio-economic development strategy as well as the province's and government's tourism development strategy, while meeting the requirements of international economic integration. Provincial authorities must pay real attention to these issues to eliminate negative factors such as wasteful and ineffective investment; tourism products and services that are not suitable for market demand or provincial conditions. Based on the strategy, planning and tourism development plan, the provincial government prioritizes the construction of tourism infrastructure to create the best conditions for tourism business activities and attract investors, helping them have an orientation in line with the province's tourism development strategy, limiting risks in business.

1.3.2.2. Factors related to state tourism management agencies at the provincial level

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