Exploring Factors Affecting SMEs' Access to Credit Capital

Element	Level of agreement (Agree/Disagree)	Note
1	Collateral
2	Liquidity level
3	Business relationship with banks
4	Capacity of SMEs
5	Business operating time
6	Financial report
7	Size of SMEs
8	Business revenue
9	Business plan of the enterprise
10	Capital turnover
11	Qualification of business owner
12	Use overdraft credit
13	Quality of labor resources

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4.1.2. Answer

Element	Level of agreement (%)	Note
1	Collateral	90	Accept
2	Liquidity level	45
3	Business relationship with banks	75	Accept
4	Capacity of SMEs	80	Accept
5	Business operating time	30
6	Financial report	70	Accept
7	Size of SMEs	60	Accept
8	Business revenue	40
9	Business plan of the enterprise	80	Accept
10	Capital turnover	35
11	Qualification of business owner	55	Accept
12	Use overdraft credit	25
13	Quality of labor resources	20

4.2. Explore the factors affecting SMEs' access to bank credit capital

4.2.1. Question

From the factors synthesized by the thesis and commented by experts, the next content of the discussion will aim to build and develop a scale of factors affecting access to bank credit capital of SMEs.

- According to you, what does the Collateral factor include? How do you evaluate the Collateral scale that has been developed?

- According to you, what does the factor of Business Relationship with Banks include? How do you evaluate the scale of Business Relationship with Banks that has been built?

- According to you, what criteria can be used to measure the Capacity of SMEs? How do you evaluate the developed Capacity of SMEs scale?

- According to you, what criteria can be used to measure the Financial Statements? How do you evaluate the Financial Statements measurement scale that has been developed?

- According to you, what does the Scale factor of SMEs include?

How do you evaluate the SME Size scale that has been developed?

- According to you, what are the contents of the Enterprise's Production and Business Plan? How do you evaluate the scale of the Enterprise's Production and Business Plan that has been developed?

- According to you, what criteria can be used to measure the Entrepreneurial Owner's Qualifications? How do you evaluate the Entrepreneurial Owner's Qualifications scale that has been developed? What do you think when the thesis adds 2 more observations to the scale?

- According to you, what does the Access to Bank Credit of SMEs include? How do you evaluate the Access to Bank Credit of SMEs scale that has been developed?

4.2.2. Results

Scale

Encryption

Question

Source

Opinion

Collateral

CO1

1. To borrow bank credit, businesses must always have assets.

Guaranteed product

Do TT Vinh (2014),

Ha TT Dao (2014)

and the comments of the

expert in qualitative research.

The expert-manager group believes that the CO4 question should be reworded to make it easier to understand.

CO2

2. Businesses spend a lot of time

Complete legal procedures on collateral to submit to the bank

CO3

3. The value of the enterprise's collateral is always higher than the level assessed by the bank.

CO4

4. Banks often do not accept collateral provided by businesses due to insufficient documents and value.

low assets

CO5

5. Enterprises do not have enough assets to secure loans.

CO6

6. Collateral is used for multiple debt obligations

The relationship of

Enterprises with banks

RE1

7. Enterprises are often evaluated by banks.

good credit

Khalid Hassan (2014), Dang

TH Thuong (2016) and comments from experts in qualitative research.

Experts believe that variable RE6 should be changed to the scale of Business Owner's Qualifications , which is more appropriate. Because it is closely related to the ability of business owners to access information on loan sources from banks.

RE2

8. During the loan process, businesses receive detailed advice and guidance from the bank.

RE3

9. Enterprises borrow capital many times from banks.

commercial goods in the province

RE4

10. Enterprises are allowed to borrow credit capital from preferential credit packages of banks.

RE5

11. Enterprises regularly exchange

credit information with bank

RE6

12. Business owners update information on bank credit policies.

Capacity of SMEs

CA1

13. Businesses often borrow and repay loans on time.

VT Thanh (2012), Summer

Dao

(2014), Dang

Experts agree on the questions in the scale. However, 80% of the

CA2

14. Enterprises with large market share

school

Scale

Code

chemical

Question

Source

Opinion

CA3

15. Workers' salaries in enterprises always tend to increase.

TH Thuong (2015) and comments from experts in qualitative research.

Experts say that the question should be added: Do businesses tend to innovate modern science and technology in the production process because this is also a criterion reflecting business capacity?

business of the enterprise.

CA4

16. The brand/image of the enterprise is known to consumers

to many

CA5

17. The company's revenue always increases every year.

Financial report

FI1

18. Financial statements and accounting books are published annually according to the standards of the Bank and the State.

water

Nguyen Hong Ha (2013), Dang

TH Thuong (2015) and comments from experts in qualitative research.

Experts suggest that the style of variables FI3 and FI4 should be edited to match the content to make it easier for respondents.

FI2

19. Enterprises annually conduct independent audits.

FI3

20. Financial statements submitted to banks often have to be edited according to the bank's request.

FI4

21. There is content editing

in the financial statements required by the bank

Size of SMEs

SZ1

22. Annual increase in enterprise capital

Khalid Hassan (2014),

Ajagbe.FA (2012),

Ricardo N. Bebczuk (2004) and the contributions of experts in qualitative research.

Experts believe that the criteria related to production output and revenue of enterprises as proposed by many studies also reflect the growth in scale of enterprises. Therefore, variables SZ5 and SZ6 should be added.

scale

SZ2

23. Labor force growth rate

of the enterprise annually

SZ3

24. Fixed assets of enterprises tend to increase annually.

SZ4

25. The business lines of the enterprise tend to expand every year.

Production and business plan

BP1

26. Feasible business project establishment

Nguyen Hong Ha

Experts agree on the following statements:

BP2

27. Debt repayment plan

Scale

Code

chemical

Question

Source

Opinion

of the enterprise

(2013) and the contributions of experts in qualitative research

scale question and no further development

BP3

28. The production and business plan must respond to fluctuations in prices, markets, other risks, etc.

BP4

29. The company has a team of specialized staff.

responsible for investment project preparation

Qualification of business owner

QU1

30. Business owners regularly participate in professional training courses related to the business activities of the enterprise.

Ajagbe.FA (2012), Tran

Quoc Hoan (2018) and comments from experts in qualitative research.

Experts believe that the RE variable should be converted to this scale. 85% of respondents believe that variables QU5 and QU6 have not been previously studied and that adding these two criteria will more accurately reflect the level of influence of the factor of Business Owner's Qualification on SMEs' access to bank credit.

QU2

31. Business owners regularly update

Legal documents related to business activities of enterprises

QU3

32. Business owners apply the content synthesized from courses and legal documents into the process.

business of enterprise

QU4

33. Business owners grasp information about

The bank's credit policy is clear.

QU5

34. Business owners handle situations that arise in business well.

QU6

35. Business owners always share information.

trust with workers

QU7

36. Business owners always promote corporate culture.

Access to bank credit capital

AC1

1. Access to diverse capital sources from credit institutions

Nguyen Hong Ha (2013), Tran

Quoc Hoan (2018) and the comments of experts in the study

qualitative research

The experts agreed with the scale questions and did not develop anything further.

AC2

2. Maximum accessibility

credit information

AC3

3. Easy to complete the procedures

loan procedure

AC4

4. Maximum access to bank loans

(Source: Author's synthesis)

Appendix 04. Location and content of secondary information collection

Location

Content

Government Portal

Laws, Decrees, Circulars, Government Directives, notices, official dispatches on SMEs and banks

Thai Nguyen Provincial Statistics Office

General report on the development situation of the province, data related to the business operation process

SMEs business in the period 2013 - 2018

Department of Planning & Investment

Scale, quantity and distribution of SMEs in the province in the period 2013 - 2018

State Bank

General figures on business performance

Revenue of commercial banks in the period 2013 - 2018

Small and Medium Enterprises Association

Issues related to the development of SMEs in the area in the period 2013 - 2018

Thai Nguyen Provincial Tax Department

Budget payment report of SMEs

period 2013 - 2018

Branches of Commercial Banks in Thai Nguyen Province

Financial report of commercial banks in 2013 period

- 2018

SMEs in Thai Binh province

Original

Business performance report of

SMEs in the period 2013 - 2018

Textbooks, topics, scientific articles

Theoretical basis, lessons learned, research methods

Official websites

Current status of research issues and contents

thesis related content

(Source: Author's synthesis)

Appendix 05. Summary of preliminary scales and scale coding for the survey form

Scale

Encryption

Source

6.1. Collateral

Do TT Vinh (2014), Ha TT Dao (2014)

and expert input in qualitative research.

1. The value of the enterprise's collateral is always determined to be high.

more than the NH rating

CO1

2. Enterprises can easily complete legal procedures on finance.

collateral to submit to the bank

CO2

3. To borrow bank credit, businesses always

must have collateral

CO3

4. The enterprise's collateral often meets the requirements.

of NH

CO4

5. Collateral is used for multiple obligations

pay off debt

CO5

6. Enterprises do not have enough assets to secure loans.

CO6

6.2. Relationship between enterprises and banks

Khalid Hassan (2014), Dang TH Thuong (2016) and comments from experts in qualitative research.

7. Enterprises are allowed to borrow credit capital from preferential credit packages.

NH treatment

RE1

8. Enterprises regularly exchange credit information with banks.

RE2

9. Enterprises borrow capital many times from commercial banks

in the province

RE3

10 businesses that are often rated as having good credit by banks

RE4

11. During the loan process, the enterprise receives advice,

detailed instructions from the bank

RE5

6.3. Capacity of SMEs

VT Thanh (2012), Summer

TT Dao (2014), Dang

TH Thuong (2015) and comments from experts in qualitative research.

12. Enterprises often borrow from capital sources quite easily and

Pay loans on time

CA1

13. Enterprises with large market share

CA2

14. Workers' salaries at the company always increase every year.

CA3

15. The company's revenue always increases every year.

CA4

16. The brand/image of the enterprise is perceived by consumers.

known to many

CA5

17. Enterprises tend to innovate modern science and technology in

production process

CA6

Scale

Encryption	Source
6.4. Financial statements	FI	Nguyen Hong Ha (2013), Dang TH Thuong (2015) and the contributions of experts in qualitative research.
18. Financial statements, published accounting system Annually according to the standards of the State and the Bank	FI1
19. Enterprises annually conduct independent audits.	FI2
20. Financial statements submitted to banks are often easily accepted.	FI3
21. Amendments to the financial statements requested by the Bank easily implemented by businesses	FI4
6.5. Size of SMEs	SZ	Khalid Hassan (2014), Ajagbe.FA (2012), Ricardo N. Bebczuk, (2004) and the contributions of experts in qualitative research.
22. Enterprise capital increases year by year	SZ1
23. Enterprise's labor increases year by year	SZ2
24. The business lines of the enterprise tend to expand over the years.	SZ3
25. Fixed assets of enterprises tend to increase over time. the years	SZ4
26. The company produces at optimal output level.	SZ5
27. The company's revenue increases year by year.	SZ6
6.6. Business plan of the enterprise	BP	Nguyen Hong Ha (2013) and comments from experts in qualitative research.
28. Ability to create feasible business projects	BP1
29. The ability of the enterprise to make a debt repayment plan	BP2
30. Production and business plan with response to fluctuations of price, market, other risks…	BP3
31. The company has a team of specialized staff for project preparation. invest	BP4
6.7. Qualifications of the business owner	QU	Ajagbe.FA (2012), Tran Quoc Hoan (2018) and comments from experts in qualitative research.
32. Business owners regularly participate in professional training courses related to the business activities of the enterprise.	QU1
33. Business owners regularly update legal documents. Laws related to business activities of enterprises	QU2
34. Business owners apply the content synthesized from courses and legal documents into the business process. of the enterprise	QU3
35. Business owners regularly participate in activities at Association	QU4
36. Business owners grasp information about credit policies of NH clear	QU5

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