Directing Innovation in the Work of Developing Vocational Education Plans for Secondary Schools in Van Ban District, Lao Cai Province

- Organize training courses to improve knowledge about GDHN for educational forces.

- Teachers must have a correct understanding of GDHN and have a plan to propagate and persuade parents to participate.

3.2.2. Directing innovation in the work of developing career education plans for junior high schools in Van Ban district, Lao Cai province

3.2.2.1. Objectives of the measure

GHHN is a very diverse and rich activity expressed in many aspects, from content to form of activity, time and space of organizing activities, not only involving forces within the school but also forces outside the school participating. Therefore, building a scientific GDHN plan suitable for the practical conditions of students and schools in Van Ban district aims to ensure relative stability, systematicity and orientation of activities to create a GDHN environment for students to develop comprehensive personality.

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3.2.2.2. Content and implementation of measures

The principal directs the development of the school's career development plan. This plan must be based on the plan for directing the implementation of school year tasks. This plan must clearly identify:

- Goals to be achieved.

- Develop specific steps and key measures to organize the implementation of the set goals. In which, time must be allocated by week and month for the work implementation process.

- Clearly define the content of vocational education to be suitable for students in the area, their needs, interests, and the school's facilities and finances.

- The principal needs to clearly define the form of organization of the activity, the method of implementation, the forces participating in the activity and the role of each force, the resources to be mobilized, the time and place of implementation, the results to be achieved and the evaluation contents.

- Clearly assign management responsibilities for each aspect to the Youth Union, Team, Subject teachers, and Homeroom teachers. Assign responsibilities to staff and teachers in implementing the GDHN plan. The principal directs and approves the development of the GDHN organization plan of the group and teachers in the school.

- To make the GDHN plan feasible and have good conditions for implementation, the principal needs to take the following measures: Mobilize many forces to participate in developing the plan (teachers, students, parents...) for GDHN; Collect information, determine the implementation conditions regarding facilities, finance, participating forces, advantages and difficulties,... distribute forces to develop detailed plans for each department or functional department to implement GDHN.

- The school year plan in general and the career guidance plan in particular must be based on the educational goals of the whole industry and the Department. This plan must be specified for each semester, each month, each week based on the results of the inspection and summary of previous school years to propose appropriate adjustment measures.

- The plan must clearly show the HN paths that the school will implement in the coming time: the goals to be achieved, the conditions and the path to reach those goals. At the same time, it must also clearly state the responsibilities of individuals and departments participating in this activity as well as the requirements for progress and implementation time.

- Ensure democracy and transparency in planning to focus the efforts and intelligence of the Council as a whole as well as raise the sense of responsibility of council members regarding career guidance tasks.

- Activities that need attention over time and stages are timely when the school implements, ensuring resources for facilities, teachers, managers, vocational education facilities, specifically those plans are:

+ Make short-term HN plans for the school;

+ Develop a master plan for the school;

+ Make departmental plans for school HN;

+ Plan facilities for school facilities;

+ Develop a financial management plan for the school;

+ Develop a plan to develop the HN team for the school;

+ Make a teaching plan for the school;

+ Plan after-school activities for the school;

+ Develop strategic plans for the school;

+ Make a general plan for the school;

+ Planning with attention to HN cooperation.

3.2.2.3. Conditions for implementing measures

There is a complete school management data information system to serve planning purposes (information about staff, facilities, students, educational programs, regulations...).

Principals and teachers must have the skills to plan GDHN for students. Maximize the capacity of school members.

Need to coordinate closely with forces outside the school.

3.2.3. Organizing innovation in content, methods and forms of career guidance activities in secondary schools in Van Ban district, Lao Cai province

3.2.3.1. Objectives of the measure

In order to create attraction for students in vocational education through rich and attractive forms for all types of activities, create an environment for students to truly improve their understanding of future careers, prepare knowledge and skills for themselves to become useful people for society. In addition, orient teachers to choose topics and forms suitable to the material conditions and strengths of the school when conducting vocational education.

The purpose of improving the content of the program and teaching methods of vocational education activities is to create a match between the needs of learners and the situation.

practice of the unit, suitable for the region and student objects, on the basis of the framework program prescribed by the Ministry. Through that, promote the sense of responsibility, dynamism, proactive creativity of teachers. At the same time, create excitement for students, especially GDHN activities are activities that require dynamism, flexibility and diversity in the content of the topics.

3.2.3.2. Content and implementation of measures

a. Organizing extracurricular programs

The method of organizing students to participate in extracurricular activities of the Youth Union, charity, volunteering, and community activities. These are non-compulsory activities in the program, based on the volunteering of individual students who are interested, love the subject and want to explore, create and expand their knowledge.

- Advantage:

 Help students develop their abilities, interests, personalities, and professional values;

 Help students develop positivity and initiative

 Support for content learned in class

 Comprehensive education for students

- Disadvantages:

 Requires a lot of investment time

- Notes to organize effective extracurricular activities:

 Closely link extracurricular activities and classroom activities

 Create excitement for students with exciting activities

 Closely connect with schools, parents, businesses, Women's Unions, etc. to organize for students to achieve the highest efficiency.

 Can use forms such as:

 Picnic

 Club

 Career education through storytelling

 Exhibition

 Camping, traveling

 Workshop

 Sightseeing, field trip

 Promote both individual, group and collective activities while organizing extracurricular activities for students.

 Choose the right location.

b. Personal consulting organization

Provide counseling services to a small number of students who require special support, according to the individual needs of the student.

- Note:

 The consultant needs to have knowledge, experience, understanding of the culture, psychology, and customs of the subject needing consultation and have the ability to advise.

For example, teachers can advise students with specific questions such as:

 How do you determine your personal interests?

 With your interests and abilities, which school should you apply to? Teachers can guide students:

 Take quizzes to determine preferences

 Determine students' interests through conversations about specific life situations

 Determine students' interests by guiding them with specific methods.

 Consulting on a list of schools that match students' abilities and future career aspirations.

c. Organizing group activities

The teacher organizes students to work in groups on each career education topic.

- Advantage:

 Students are able to participate in learning in an interactive environment.

 Promote students' positivity and initiative;

 Students learn from each other about experiences and learning methods.

- Disadvantages:

 Along with imparting knowledge, teachers must spend time investing in training students' teamwork skills;

 Requires a lot of time for a lesson;

 Difficult to arrange for each class of this form.

- Note to perform this method well:

 Teachers need to carefully prepare lesson content, taking into account arising situations.

 The physical facilities must be adequate for students to work in small groups: classroom area, microphone system if needed, projector, chalk, blackboard, markers, if outdoors, A4 paper is required, guests may or may not be invited.

 There may be career interest and ability tests, career orientation tests, etc.

 Students need to be informed and prepared in advance about discussion topics to save time and improve efficiency…

d. Project-based learning organization

Students learn about career information and training facilities necessary for themselves through small projects/assignments.

- Advantage:

 Promote students' positivity and initiative

- Disadvantages:

- Note:

 The steps must ensure:

 Choose a topic and determine the project's objectives

 Develop outline and detailed implementation plan

 Project implementation

 Collect results and publish products

 Evaluation of results

For example: For 9th grade students, when guiding the topic of career paths after graduating from middle school, teachers can organize for them to do small projects about their career paths after graduating from middle school with the following tasks:

 Determine your career direction after graduating from junior high school: topic

 Develop an outline and detailed plan for this topic

 Project implementation: specifically deploy detailed contents in the topic such as: What is the direction? Why choose the direction? What is the implementation roadmap?

 Collect results and publish final products, present, share, and give feedback between projects.

e. Organizing presentations

This is one of the most widely used methods in secondary schools for testing. However, in reality, teachers at both secondary and high schools are not using this method effectively. Because this method is only suitable for certain contents in career guidance activities at both levels.

- Concept: Presentation is a method of conveying information and knowledge to students through speaking.

- Advantages of presentation method:

+ Students easily absorb knowledge;

+ Teachers actively impart knowledge

+ No new situations arise

- Disadvantages of presentation method:

+ Easy to get bored

+ Students are easily passive

+ Easily fall into a state of one-way knowledge transfer

+ Difficult to get feedback from students so effectiveness is limited

+ The level of information storage of students is not high

- Situations where the presentation method can be used with ethnic boarding students:

 General introduction to the topic;

 Briefly introduce the knowledge students need to remember;

 Explain the content and meaning of career education activities and topics.

- Notes to effectively implement the presentation method with ethnic boarding students:

 The time for applying the presentation method in a lesson should not exceed 20 minutes because if it is too long, it will cause boredom, students will only absorb one-way, passively, and will not promote students' initiative.

 Divide the topic into parts according to the content and schedule of educational activities;

 Present each topic clearly, coherently, and especially specifically. This is an extremely important feature, encouraging creativity in the specific thinking of this group of students;

 Encourage students to ask questions to create two-way interaction between students and teachers, students and students, to promote their initiative and positivity;

 Provide questions to test students' understanding of the lesson after each small section to reinforce and develop the lesson;

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