Current Status of Tourism Development at the Vietnam Ethnic Culture and Tourism Village

1.3.1. General introduction

The Vietnam National Village for Ethnic Culture and Tourism is located in the southern area of Dong Mo Lake (Son Tay, Hanoi), about 40 km west of Hanoi center; to the north it borders Kim Son commune (Son Tay); to the east it borders the military barracks, Son Dong commune (Son Tay), to the south it borders the extended Hoa Lac road, Hoa Lac Airport, Yen Binh commune, Thach That district and to the west it borders Dong Mo Golf course, Yen Bai commune, Ba Vi district, Hanoi.

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The total area of the Ethnic Culture and Tourism Village is 1,500 hectares, divided into many different areas such as: Ethnic Village Area, World Cultural Heritage Area, Cultural and Entertainment Center Area, Marina Park Area, Service and Comprehensive Tourism Area, Dong Mo Lake Green Area, Office Management and Operation Area. The works of the Cultural Village are scattered on hills and valleys with rich terrain showing the distribution of ethnic villages spread across all regions of the country. The villages of the ethnic groups are all built into complexes that recreate the village structures of the ethnic groups with folk architecture to preserve, develop and introduce the traditional cultural values of the community of all 54 ethnic groups in Vietnam. Each functional area is planned separately with many works and items in it. The most important and the center of the Ethnic Culture and Tourism Village is the Ethnic Village Area. This is also the most completely built area compared to other functional areas.

1.3.2. Ethnic Village Area

With an area of 198.61 hectares, located in the middle of the northern peninsula of the VHDL Village of Ethnic Minorities, on a land with high hills, valleys, water surfaces, and rich terrain, showing the distribution of ethnic villages spread across all regions of the country, the Village Area

The ethnic community is built into a complex that recreates the village structures of the Vietnamese ethnic groups with planning and folk architecture to introduce, preserve and develop the traditional cultural values of the community of 54 Vietnamese ethnic groups. Not only does it recreate the typical cultural space of the 54 Vietnamese ethnic groups, introduce the culture and country of Vietnam through the periods of building and defending the country, it is also a meeting place and exchange place for ethnic people, a place to organize cultural and tourist activities to serve the research, preservation and promotion of ethnic cultural values, contributing to promoting Vietnamese culture and strengthening the strength of the great national unity bloc.

The construction planning indicators of the area have been inherited according to the detailed planning approved in Decision No. 1151/QD-BXĐ dated August 26, 2003 of the Minister of Construction and adjusted the detailed planning according to Decision No. 276/QD-LVH dated November 26, 2008 of the Head of the Management Board of the Cultural and Tourist Village of the Ethnic Minorities of Vietnam with specific indicators: Construction density: 11.3% and the average height is 1.1 floor.

The ethnic village area has 04 clusters:

* Cluster of Ethnic Villages I (Village Area I): includes cultural works and typical landscapes of 28 ethnic groups in the highlands, valleys, and midlands of the Viet Bac, Northwest, and North Central mountainous cultural regions with the Tay - Thai, Tibetan - Burmese, Mong - Dao, Viet - Muong, and Ka Dai language systems such as: Lo Lo, Pu Peo, Ha Nhi, Muong, Hmong, Dao, Thai, Kho Mu, Tay, Cong, La Hu, Phu La, Si La, Bo Y, Giay, Lao, Lu, Nung, San Chay, Khang, Mang, O Du, Xinh Mun, Pa Then, Co Lao, La Chi, La Ha, Tho [19].

* Ethnic Village Cluster II (Village Area II): includes cultural works and landscapes of 18 ethnic groups in the highlands and mountains of the ethnic groups in the Northern cultural region.

Central, Truong Son, Tay Nguyen with Mon - Khmer, Austronesian language systems such as: Ba na, Bru-Van Kieu, Ta oi, Mnong, Ma, Xo dang, Gie Trieng, Xtieng, Ro mam, Hre, Co ho, Co, Raglai, Giarai, Ede, Co tu, Brau, Chut [19].

* Ethnic Villages Area III (Village Area III): includes ethnic groups residing in areas with semi-mountainous landscapes, plateaus, hills, and riverbanks. With a total area of 14.91 hectares, this is an area that recreates villages of ethnic groups in the South Central and Southern regions, including structures mainly belonging to 4 ethnic villages: Cham, Khmer, Cho Ro, Chu Ru. 12 architectural structures in the ethnic villages area III have architectural characteristics such as stilt houses, wooden pillars, wooden rafters, thatched roofs, and next to the houses, there are often auxiliary structures serving family activities. Cham ethnic village in An Giang has: 02 houses, Cham ethnic village in Ninh Thuan has: 02 houses, 01 kitchen, 01 livestock barn, Khmer ethnic village has: 02 houses, Chu Ru ethnic village has: 02 houses, Cho Ro ethnic village has: 02 houses. In addition, the Ethnic Village Area III also has auxiliary works such as a welcome gate, reception service area, management and operation exhibition house, service house for rest and scientific research, a viewing tower and landscape works and trees.

In the overall village III, Cham Tower is the most important structure because it is a symbol of the culture and religion of the Cham people and is one of the highlights of village III, playing an important role in the main architectural space. Next is the Khmer Pagoda Area, which is also a highlight in the overall area of ethnic villages III [19].

* Ethnic Village Cluster IV (Village Area IV): includes cultural works and landscapes of multicultural ethnic groups residing in semi-mountainous, mountainous, and plain areas.

Coastal, riverbank, town, and market area belong to many different cultural regions such as Kinh, Hoa, Ngai, San Diu belonging to the Han, Viet - Muong language system [19].

1.3.3. Other functional areas

* Cultural Center and Entertainment Area: Area of 125.22 hectares, located in the center of the Vietnam Ethnic Culture and Tourism Village, connecting to the main gate and functional areas. This is a modern, multifunctional center of cultural, sports, and entertainment activities but imbued with national culture [19].

* World Cultural Heritage Area: With an area of 46.50 hectares, this is a complex that recreates world-famous architectural works but on a miniature scale such as the Great Wall, Effen Tower, Pyramids... and is a vibrant cultural activity center introducing the unique cultural heritage of civilizations around the world. The planning indicators of the area are: Construction density not exceeding 23%; Average height of 1.7 floors;

* Marina park area: Area scale 341.53 ha (including 310.04 ha of Dong Mo lake water surface and 31.49 ha of land with water surface). This is a tourist service area, where sightseeing, sports, and service tourism activities are organized associated with Dong Mo lake water surface and gate B of the VHDL village of DTVN. The planning index of the area is a construction density of no more than 20% (for the ground part) [19].

* Dong Mo Lake water surface green area: Area scale is 600.9 ha (determined by the water surface area with water level boundary + 20.0 m of Dong Mo Lake). This is an ecological landscape space, Dong Mo Lake water surface is used to exploit and develop a number of suitable ecological activities to increase the attractiveness of landscape, green trees, water surface on the basis of ensuring the environment and developing sustainable tourism. [19]

* Comprehensive tourism service area: Area scale 138.89ha. This is a complex of comprehensive tourism services and large-scale sports for effective exploitation.

natural landscape space, increase the attractiveness of the project, attract investment for development. Planning indicators of the area: Construction density not exceeding 23%, Average height 3.5 floors. [19]

* Office management area: Area scale of 78.5 hectares, including: Area 1 of 10.53 hectares and Area 2 of 67.97 hectares. Area 1 is the office area, central management and operation of the entire Village of Ethnic Minorities; Area 2 is the official residence area of the staff of the Village of Ethnic Minorities performing the tasks of management, exploitation and regular operation; is the place for people to eat and live in the whole country during regular activities, on festival occasions to recreate the life of production and production, cultural and festival activities of 54 ethnic groups and is the place to welcome domestic and international delegations to visit every year. Expected planning indicators: Area 1 - office management area: Construction density is not more than 22%, Average height is 3.0 floors; Area 2 - public service and reception area: Construction density is not more than 28.0%, Average height is 6.0 floors [19].

Despite such a master plan, most of the functional areas in the Vietnam National Village for Ethnic Minorities have not been completed and are calling for investment cooperation, specifically:

1. Cultural and entertainment center area: calling for investment projects in entertainment complexes; investment projects in the fields of culture and performing arts; investment projects in the field of sports associated with the water surface of Dong Mo lake.

2. Comprehensive Service and Tourism Area: calling for investment in Complex of sports, resort and health care services; High-class hotels and villas, using Dong Mo lake's water surface.

3. World Cultural Heritage Site: calling for investment projects to introduce the world's tangible and intangible cultural heritages; investment projects to introduce the cultural quintessence of humanity.

4. Boat dock park area and Dong Mo lake green area: calling for investment projects in the fields of culture, sports, tourism associated with Dong Mo lake water surface; Complex of resort and health care services associated with Dong Mo lake water surface.

Even the Ethnic Village Area, which is so far the most complete and perfected functional area invested in by the state, is calling for investment in a number of new items, specifically:

Reception and service area: A place to display and sell typical products of each ethnic group, gift fair, ethnic food shops, ancient boats of ethnic groups, boat making villages, fishing area, ...

Folk ritual areas and ethnic symbols: Symbolic constructions, identifying the presence of ethnic groups in the great family of Vietnamese ethnic groups.

Historical festival area: Where the seasonal festival activities, performances and ethnic sports will take place, with multi-purpose spaces, suitable for many themes, serving crowded activities such as: performances, festivals, games, sports on a grand and attractive scale.

Ancestor worship ritual area: Includes ancestor worship ritual center, Au Lac legend area, space park, festival ritual center, folk sculpture garden, observation tower...

Park Area: Includes green areas and water surfaces, giving visitors the feeling of being immersed in fresh nature.

Hopefully in the near future, with the attention of the state, the constant efforts of the Management Board of the Village of Vietnamese Ethnic Culture and Tourism, along with the attention of domestic and foreign investors as well as those who are passionate about the project of preserving and maintaining the precious assets of national culture, a complete model of the Village of Vietnamese Ethnic Culture and Tourism will be completed, becoming one of the major cultural and tourist centers of the country, an indispensable stop for every tourist when coming to the capital Hanoi - Vietnam.

Chapter 1 Summary

Chapter 1 of the thesis has provided an overview of the Village of Vietnamese Ethnic Culture and Tourism, the process of formation and development as well as the management of the Village of Vietnamese Ethnic Culture and Tourism. Chapter 1 has a complete view of the planning of the Village of Vietnamese Ethnic Culture and Tourism. The research results of chapter 1 will be the premise for the research that will be implemented in chapters 2 and 3.

Over thousands of years of history of fighting to build and defend the country, 54 ethnic groups have united as one, overcome countless difficulties and hardships to build, protect and develop the country; at the same time, they have constantly created, passed on and nurtured Vietnamese culture, a culture of unity in diversity, crystallizing into traditional cultural values, bearing the unique and distinctive Vietnamese national identity. Our Party and State always focus on consistently implementing the policy of equality and great solidarity among ethnic groups, paying attention to and caring for cultural development, identifying culture as the spiritual foundation of society, the goal and driving force for socio-economic development, associated with the cause of industrialization and modernization of the country. The subjects

Cultural development policies and strategies are increasingly being perfected, aiming to preserve and promote national cultural identity, promote international exchange, build new cultural values, along with selectively absorbing the quintessence of world culture, enriching Vietnamese national culture.

National Assembly Chairman Nguyen Sinh Hung also affirmed: Cultural exchange activities between ethnic groups, localities, regions, and areas, honoring the cultural identities of ethnic groups will actively contribute to preserving, promoting and developing Vietnamese culture, strengthening the strength of the great solidarity bloc of Vietnamese ethnic groups and creating momentum for the prosperous development of the country.

CHAPTER 2. CURRENT STATUS OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT AT VIETNAMESE ETHNIC CULTURAL AND TOURISM VILLAGE

2. 1. Infrastructure and technical facilities for tourism

The Vietnam Ethnic Culture and Tourism Village was built in Dong Mo, Son Tay town, Hanoi. Son Tay is a town with rich tourism potential, plus attractive natural landscapes are the biggest advantage for investing in tourism development here. Son Tay town is

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