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Cumulative Growth of Sind Crossbred Calves Over Experimental Months


3.3.2. Cumulative growth of Sind cross calves over experimental months

To compare the weight gain of Sind crossbred calves between the experimental and control batches, we weighed and measured the weight of the experimental calves each month. The results are shown in Table 3.15.

Table 3.15: Cumulative growth of Sind crossbred calves over experimental months (kg)


Month TN

Control

(n = 10)

Experiment

(n = 10)

Experimental comparison/

control

X m

x

CV (%)


X m

x

CV (%)

Difference

deviated

(%)

Start TN

82.50 ± 1.80

6.54

81.80 ± 1.80

6.60

0.70

0.85

1

91.10* 1.83

6.02

95.10* 1.91

6.02

4.00

4.39

2

99.20* 1.86

5.62

109.20* 2.00

5.49

10.00

10.08

3

107.00* 1.88

5.27

123.00* 2.15

5.24

16.00

14.95

4

114.00* 2.04

5.36

136.70* 2.36

5.17

22.70

19.91

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Cumulative Growth of Sind Crossbred Calves Over Experimental Months


Note :*:Representsdifferencesbetween batches with P <0.001.

Through table 3.15 we see that the average weight of calves at the beginning of the experiment in both batches is almost the same.

After starting to supplement concentrated feed in the diet, because the experimental group, in addition to being provided with green roughage, met the nutritional needs of growing calves, the weight of the calves in the experimental group began to show a higher weight gain than the control group by 4.0 kg in the first month of the experiment (with a body weight of 95.1 kg compared to the control group of 91.1 kg).

By the end of the 2-month experiment, the experimental crossbred calves had become accustomed to the supplementary feed and had shown very good weight gain of 109.2 kg, 10.0 kg higher than the control (99.2 kg).


Continuing to supplement concentrated feed until the end of the experiment (in the 4th month), the experimental group of Sind crossbred calves reached 136.7 kg while the control group only reached 114.0 kg, 22.7 kg lower than the experimental group.

Statistical calculation results showed that: The experimental group when supplemented with concentrated feed increased weight significantly more than the control group with P <0.001 (confidence level up to 99.9%).

Supplementing concentrates has a very clear effect on the weight gain of Lai Sind calves after weaning. In addition to the superiority in weight, Lai Sind calves supplemented with concentrates also have changes in appearance, that is, balanced development, smooth and shiny fur.

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Start TN

1T

2T

3T

4T

Experimental month

Experiment

Evidence

Weight (kg/head)

The cumulative growth of calves over the experimental months is shown in graph 3.5.


Graph 3.5. Cumulative growth of calves over experimental months

Through graph 3.5., we can see that the cumulative growth curve of the experimental calf is always above the cumulative growth curve of the control calf. The further the two lines are apart, the greater the difference in


The mass between the experimental and control batches increased gradually according to the experimental age.

3.3.3. Absolute growth of Sind crossbred calves over experimental months

Absolute growth represents the increase in mass during a period of time between two surveys. Based on the data of weight gain monitoring over the experimental months, we determined the absolute rate in Table 3.16.

Table 3.16. Absolute growth of Sind Lai calves over experimental months

Experimental month

Experimental batch

(g/head/day)

Control batch

(g/head/day)

1

443.3

286.7

2

470.0

273.3

3

460.0

256.7

4

456.7

233.3

TB

457.5

262.5


Table 3.16 shows that: In general, the absolute growth rate of the control calves gradually decreased over the experimental months, but the difference in weight gain rate between the experimental calves and the control calves over the experimental months of age gradually increased.

- First month of experiment: When starting to supplement concentrated feed for experimental calves, the absolute growth rate of experimental calves was 443.30 g/head/day, an increase of 286.70 g/head/day. The experimental group started to increase more than the control group that did not supplement feed in the diet. The difference was 156.6 g.

- Experimental month 2: The absolute growth rate of experimental calves increased the most. At this time, the calves were familiar with the supplementary food, the experimental group reached 470.00g/head/day compared to the control group which only reached 273.30g/head/day. The difference was 196.7g.


- Experimental month 3: The absolute growth rate of experimental and control calves began to decrease. The experimental group reached 460.00g/head/day compared to the control group which only reached 256.70g/head/day. The difference was 203.3g.

- End of experiment (fourth month of experiment): The absolute growth rate of experimental calves continued to decrease, reaching only 456.70 g/head/day, while the control group was 233.3 g/head/day, the experimental group was 233.4 g/head/day higher than the control group.

- Overall for the entire experimental period: The absolute growth of experimental calves was 457.5 g/calf/day compared to control calves 262.5 g/calf/day. Difference 195.0 g/calf/day

500.0

450.0

400.0

350.0

300.0

250.0

200.0

150.0

100.0

50.0

0.0

470.0

443.3

460.0

456.7

457.5

286.7

273.3

256.7

262.5

Experiment

Evidence

233.3

1T 2T

3T

Experimental month

4T

TB

Weight (g/head/day)

If we describe the absolute growth rate of experimental and control Sind crossbred calves through the graph, we have:


Figure 3.3. Absolute growth of experimental Sind crossbred calves


Through chart 3.3, we can see that the growth rate of Lai Sind calves only increased in the first month of the experiment and increased the most in the second month, then tended to decrease gradually with age. However, the difference in weight between the experimental and control groups increased gradually with the month of the experiment.

3.3.4. Relative growth of experimental and control calves

Through calculation, we have the relative growth results of the experimental calves in table 3.17.

Table 3.17: Relative growth of experimental and control Sind crossbred calves

evidence (%/)


Experimental month

Experimental batch

(%)

Control batch

(%)

1

15.04

9.91

2

13.80

8.61

3

11.89

7.46

4

10.55

6.33


Through table 3.17 we can see: The relative growth rate of Sind crossbred calves decreases with age and the relative growth intensity of experimental calves is greater than that of control calves specifically:

- First month of experiment: Experimental calves increased by 15.04%; control calves by 9.91%.

- Experimental month 2: Experimental calves increased by 13.8%; control calves were 8.61%

- Experimental month 3: Experimental calves increased by 11.89%; control calves were 7.46%

- Experimental month 4: Experimental calves increased by 10.55%; control calves by 6.33%


16.00

14.00

12.00

10.00

8.00

6.00

4.00

2.00

0.00

Experiment

Control

1T 2T 3T 4T

Experimental month

R (%)

Graph 3.6: Relative growth of experimental and control Sind crossbred calves over experimental months (%)

Through graph 3.6 we see that the relative growth rate of Sind Lai calves decreases gradually with age.

The slowest growth rate at the end of the experiment was the 4th month of the experiment, the experimental group was 10.55% compared to the 6-7 month old stage, the highest relative growth rate was 15.04%. The control group was 6.33% compared to the 4th month of the experiment, the highest relative growth rate was 9.91%.

In general, the growth rate of experimental calves was higher than the growth rate of control calves at all experimental stages.

3.3.5. Dimensions of some dimensions of the Sind crossbred calves over the experimental months (cm)

Through surveying some measurements of Sind Lai calves over the experimental months, we obtained the results in Table 3.18.


Table 3.18: Dimensions of some dimensions of the Sind crossbred calves over the experimental months (cm)


Target


Month TN

Experimental batch (n = 10)

Control batch (n = 10)


Bust


X m

x

CV (%)


X m

x

CV (%)

Start TN

101.4 0.91

2.68

101.0 ± 0.91

2.70

1

106.9 0.91

2.55

104.4 0.89

2.56

2

113.3 0.93

2.46

107.6 0.92

2.56

3

118.3 0.90

2.28

110.4 ± 1.00

2.73

4

122.4 0.96

2.35

112.8 0.91

2.42


Long cross body

Start TN

85.9 0.78

2.71

86.6 1.43

4.96

1

90.1 0.68

2.28

89.5 1.56

5.22

2

92.1 0.75

2.44

91.8 ± 1.51

4.95

3

95.1 0.93

2.93

94.0 ± 1.59

5.08

4

97.7 ± 1.05

3.22

95.9 ± 1.59

4.98


High fin

Start TN

84.3 0.70

2.50

83.6 ± 0.55

1.97

1

88.1 0.76

2.59

86.6 0.62

2.14

2

91.0 ± 0.75

2.48

88.8 0.57

1.92

3

93.6 0.83

2.67

91.1 0.63

2.08

4

96.3 0.94

2.94

93.5 0.67

2.14


Tube ring

Start TN

10.67 ± 0.21

5.95

10.80 ± 0.14

3.90

1

11.17 ± 0.21

5.68

11.1 0.15

4.14

2

11.72 ± 0.22

5.76

11.55 ± 0.15

3.79

3

12.33 ± 0.26

6.28

11.95 ± 0.17

4.16

4

12.94 0.32

7.39

12.30 ± 0.16

3.93

Through table 3.18, we see that the dimensions of the experimental and control calves gradually increased over the months of the experiment and at the same month of the experiment, the experimental calves had larger dimensions than the control calves. The difference was most evident in the 4th month (the month the experiment ended).


* Bust:

- At the beginning of the experiment: The experimental lot was 101.4 cm and the control lot was 101.0 cm.

- After 4 months of experiment: The difference between the control and experimental batches is the largest, the experimental batch is 122.4 cm and the control batch is 112.8 cm.

* Diagonal body length:

- At the beginning of the experiment: The experimental lot was 85.9 cm and the control lot was 86.6 cm.

- In the 4th month of the experiment: The diagonal length of the experimental calf was 97.7 cm and the control calf was 95.9 cm.

* High fin:

- At the beginning of the experiment: The experimental lot was 84.3 cm and the control lot was 83.6 cm.

- In the 4th month of the experiment, the height of the calves reached the highest among the experimental months, the experimental group was 96.3 cm, the control group was 93.5 cm.

* Tube ring:

The size of the annulus of the calves also increased with age and there was a difference in size and annulus between the experimental and control calves but it was not significant.

In summary, when supplemented with concentrated feed and in the diet, it meets the daily nutritional needs of the calf herd. Therefore, the growth rate of the experimental calves increased higher than the control in terms of length, width, height and larger, stronger bones.

3.3.6. Accounting for supplementary feed costs for experimental calves

Feed cost/kg weight gain in livestock farming accounts for 70 - 75% of the total product value, so research to reduce feed cost/kg weight gain is necessary and is the goal of livestock farmers.

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