Characteristics of the X Association's Structure and Characteristics of the X People's Council's Activities

- In the activities of the People's Council: it is necessary to focus on performing well the role of a representative body, having the right to decide on important issues and local budget issues and inspect and supervise the activities of the People's Committee. At the same time, the activities of the People's Council of the commune must be under the leadership of the Party Committee of the commune.

- All activities of the Commune People's Council aim at the goal of socio-economic development, caring for people's lives, realizing the goal of "rich people, strong country, democracy, fairness, civilization", building a rule-of-law state "of the people, by the people and for the people" at the grassroots level.

- Identify the results, advantages, limitations and shortcomings of the activities of the People's Council of the commune to have solutions to improve the effectiveness of decision-making, supervision and representation of the will and aspirations of voters.

Contents to be researched, new points in the thesis research

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Studies on the models and operations of local governments in some countries around the world, including our country, have a wide and deep scope and content, but there are still gaps and contents that need to be further clarified, namely:

- Research on local government, the political system in general, and the activities of the People's Council of the commune in particular are mainly approached from the perspective of political science, state management or law, not many studies from the perspective of sociology.

- Studies on local government, the political system in general, and the activities of the People's Council of the commune in particular have not clearly defined the approach, and have not placed it in a systematic, structural and functional approach. Therefore, studies on the People's Council are not systematic and lack consistency. Therefore, in studying the activities of the People's Council of the commune, the thesis will focus on a systematic, structural and functional approach.

- There have not been many studies on local government, political system, and communal People's Council from the social structure approach. Therefore, the studies have not pointed out the rationality and irrationality in the social structure of communal People's Council, one of the factors affecting the performance of communal People's Council. Therefore, in studying the performance of communal People's Council, the thesis will focus on revealing the social structure of communal People's Council and the impact of social structure on the performance of communal People's Council.

- Only the book The current political system in rural areas of our country by S. Hoang Chi Bao has assessments of the current status of activities, causes, advantages, and limitations of the activities of the People's Council of the commune. However, the book was published in 2005 (14 years ago) and the book approaches the activities of the People's Council of the commune from research on the grassroots political system in rural areas of our country.

Therefore, studying the activities of the People's Council of the commune in Hanoi is an independent research direction, not overlapping with the published studies. At the same time, in the system of sociological theses and dissertations that the author of the thesis has approached, there is no thesis or dissertation researching the activities of the People's Council of the commune in general, and the activities of the People's Council of the commune in Hanoi in particular.

Chapter 1 Summary

In practicing social management, all countries, territories, and political institutions pay great attention to building models and organizing the activities of local and grassroots governments. In particular, focusing on building a model of local government consisting of two components: representative agencies and administrative agencies. These two agencies are responsible for organizing and managing local social life based on the Constitution and laws. Representative agencies have the role of issuing decisions and supervising the implementation of decisions, supervising the activities of administrative agencies. Issuing decisions and supervising are the two main functions and activities of representative agencies.

Studies on local government also point out two issues that need attention to promote the role of local government: One is to streamline the apparatus, enough to operate productively and effectively; Two is to grant autonomy to local government on the basis of constitutional and legal provisions.

Studies on People's Councils and Commune People's Councils in our country have clearly affirmed the role and function of People's Councils in local social management; pointed out the achievements, limitations, and causes in the activities of People's Councils and proposed solutions to enhance the role, position, and effectiveness of People's Councils. The main content of studies on People's Councils and Commune People's Councils is the operation of mechanisms and improvement of the quality of People's Councils' activities.

Regarding the operation of the mechanism, the studies focused on clarifying the leadership role of the Party Committee, the activities of the People's Council, the People's Committee and the role of the Fatherland Front, emphasizing the leadership role of the Party Committee and the activities of the People's Council, the People's Committee and the Fatherland Front in accordance with the provisions of law.

Regarding improving the quality of the People's Council's activities at the grassroots level, studies have focused on clarifying the functions and powers, focusing on the supervisory function of the People's Council. At the same time, studies have also pointed out the characteristics of the People's Council's activities as being close to the people and the communal nature in the organization and activities of the People's Council.

Chapter 2

THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL BASIS OF RESEARCH ON THE ACTIVITIES OF THE PEOPLE'S COUNCIL OF COMMUNES IN HANOI CITY

2.1. SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF THE TOPIC

2.1.1. Concept of People's Council x

Commune People's Council - local state power agency

In our country, the People's Council was established in late 1945 under Decree No. 63 dated November 22, 1945 of the President of the Provisional Government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, President Ho Chi Minh. According to this decree, the People's Council was established at the commune and provincial levels through direct election by the people.

Article 4 of the 2015 Law on Organization of Local Government clearly states: “Local Government levels include People's Councils and People's Committees organized in administrative units of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam as prescribed in Article 2 of this Law” including: Provinces and centrally run cities (collectively referred to as provincial level); Districts, urban districts, towns, provincial cities, and centrally run cities (collectively referred to as district level); Communes, wards, and towns (collectively referred to as commune level) [82].

Article 6 of the Law on Organization of Local Government 2015 stipulates that “The People's Council consists of People's Council delegates elected by local voters, is the local state power agency, represents the will, aspirations and mastery of the people, and is responsible to the local people and higher-level state agencies” [82].

From the two articles of the Law on Organization of Local Government in 2015, it can be summarized that: i, the People's Council of the commune is one of the two components of the local government of the commune, including the People's Council and the People's Committee; ii, the People's Council of the commune is composed of outstanding representatives representing classes, religions, social components... elected by the local people; iii, the People's Council of the commune is the "power agency" in the locality, responsible to the local people and the higher-level state agencies for its activities; iv, the People's Council of the commune represents the will, aspirations and mastery of the people.

Commune People's Council - a component of the political system at the grassroots level

The People's Council of the commune is a component of the local government, but from the perspective of the current political system in our country, the People's Council is a component of the political system at the grassroots level.

There have been and are some concepts of the political system in our country. In which, the concept of the political system in the book "The political system in rural areas of our country today" , edited by Professor Hoang Chi Bao, is a fairly complete concept: "The political system is a system of organizations, political and social institutions and the relationships between them at different levels of organization and operation,..." [10]. Accordingly: i, the political system is a system of political and social organizations and institutions, containing a number of elements; ii, There are relationships between the elements of the political system at the same level of organization.

However, that concept does not mention the establishment of the position of each element and the functional relationship of each element in the organizational system. Therefore, it can be conceived that: the organizational system is a system of organizations; each organization is an element, holding a certain position and function in the organizational system and the relationships between them according to the position and function of each element in the organizational and operational levels create the integrity of the organizational system.

The political system in our country today includes the following components: Party organization, State, and Fatherland Front. The political system in our country includes four levels: Central, provincial, district, and commune levels. The communal political system in our country today includes the following components: Party committees, Party organizations; Government (People's Council, People's Committee); Fatherland Front and mass organizations in the commune.

The components of the communal political system in our country today have positions and functions stipulated in the Constitution and laws. In which, the Party Committee holds the leadership position; the People's Council is the local state power agency, representing the will, aspirations and mastery of the People; the People's Committee is the executive agency of the People's Council, the local state administrative agency, responsible to the local People, the People's Council at the same level and the higher-level state administrative agency [82]. The Fatherland Front is the political basis of the people's government; represents and protects the legitimate and legal rights and interests of the People; gathers and promotes the strength of great national unity, practices democracy, strengthens social consensus; supervises and criticizes society; participates in building the Party, the State, and people's foreign affairs activities, contributing to building and defending the Fatherland [84].

From the above analysis, we can summarize the People's Council of the commune as follows: i, the People's Council of the commune is a component of the communal political system, one of the two basic components of the communal local government; ii, the People's Council of the commune is a social system with a separate structure, including the People's Council delegates, the Standing Committee of the People's Council of the commune, and the People's Council Committees of the commune; iii, the People's Council of the commune has a different position, role, and social function compared to other components in the communal political system: The People's Council of the commune is an agency elected by the people, representing the will, aspirations, and mastery of the people; responsible to the local people and the superior state agencies for its activities.

As a component of the political system, in its activities, the People's Council has connections and is influenced and governed by the components of the political system: Party Committee, People's Committee, Fatherland Front; at the same time, as a local state agency, the Commune People's Council also has close relationships with external factors: people, village communities.

In the communal-level political system, the relationship between the Party Committee and the People's Council is a relationship of leadership and direction, expressed in the following main contents: i. The Party Committee leads the propaganda work to raise awareness among the Party Committee, cadres, Party members and people about the position and role of the People's Council; ii. Leads, directs and orients the activities of the People's Council; iii. Leads and directs the work of planning, introducing, appointing, promoting, rotating and arranging People's Council cadres.

The relationship between the People's Council and the People's Committee of the commune is a relatively special relationship between the "legislative" body and the "executive" body at the local level; at the same time, it is also a relationship of coordination, reflected in the following contents: i, Coordinating the preparation of People's Council meetings, developing resolutions and implementing resolutions in practice; ii, Implementing the conclusions of supervision, questioning and explanation of the People's Council of the commune; iii Resolving voters' recommendations and complaints and denunciations of citizens.

The relationship between the People's Council and the Vietnam Fatherland Front reflects a number of contents: i, Coordination in the election of People's Council deputies at all levels; ii, Organizing for People's Council deputies to meet voters on specialized topics, and to meet voters before and after the People's Council session; iii, Participating in the People's Council's supervisory activities; iv, Supervising the activities of elected representatives; v, Participating in the sessions of the People's Council.

In our country, the people are the subject, all activities of the political system are of the people, by the people and for the people. The People's Council of the commune is elected by the people, representing the will, aspirations and rights.

People's ownership. With that position, the People's Council must always contact the People to reflect their thoughts, aspirations and resolve all their problems. That is the social role of the People's Council, a "powerful" organization representing the will, aspirations and ownership of the People.

Thus, the nature of the relationship between the People's Council of the commune and the elements of the communal political system: i, The relationship between the Party Committee and the People's Council is a relationship of leadership nature; ii, The relationship between the People's Council and the People's Committee is the relationship between the local state power agency and the executive agency of the People's Council; iii, The relationship between the People's Council and the Fatherland Front is the relationship between the agency representing the will, aspirations and mastery of the people and the organization that is the political basis of the people's government of the commune; iv, The relationship between the People's Council and voters and people in the commune is the relationship between the representative and the person who elected the representative.

2.1.2. Characteristics of social structure and activities of People's Councils

The People's Council of the commune has characteristics in terms of social structure, activities and functions different from the elements of the political system and the local government.

Firstly, the social structure of the People's Council of the commune is diverse, including delegates representing local social components.

The People's Council delegates are individuals from different social classes, strata, professions, and religions. After many rounds of consultation, they are introduced into the election list and then directly selected by local voters according to the principles of universal, equal, direct, and secret ballot. Therefore, the social structure of the People's Council is diverse, with all the basic social components in the locality.

The diversity of social components is a factor that ensures the People's Council of the commune performs its function as a representative body of the will and aspirations of the people. However, the diversity of social structures can be an obstacle to creating unity in the People's Council when having to make decisions related to the interests of local social groups. In rural areas, the communal and clan spirit is very deep and has a strong identity. In addition to the common interests, each village and clan has its own interests, and the People's Council delegates can "fight" to protect the common interests for the sake of the village and clan.

their colleagues while discussing the decisions of the People's Council, "biased" in the activities of inspection, supervision and reflecting voters' opinions.

With a “representative” structure of social components, the People’s Council of the commune can hardly have the most outstanding representatives in the locality, but only the “elite” people in the social components. The default representation of social components in the social structure of the People’s Council of the commune has the potential to negatively affect the quality and intelligence of the People’s Council of the commune.

Second, the People's Council of the commune is a body of power, an organization that represents and guarantees the rights of the people .

The power of the People's Council of the commune is reflected in decision-making and inspection and supervision activities. The decision-making activities of the People's Council of the commune must originate from legal regulations, from the orientation of the Party Committee and the higher levels, on the basis of the submission of the People's Committee of the commune. However, those decisions must be consistent with reality, meet the requirements, thoughts, aspirations, and ensure the interests of the people. That is, the decisions of the People's Council of the commune must be correct, consistent with the "will of the Party" and the "will of the people".

Performing the functions of a power agency, representing and ensuring the rights of the People requires that in their activities, the People's Council delegates must uphold their sense of responsibility and promote their intelligence. To do so, the delegates must be aware of the functions and powers of the People's Council; have a deep understanding of the policies, resolutions of the Party, the State and the locality; have an understanding of many political, economic, cultural, social fields and the thoughts and aspirations of the People. That is, the delegates must have the "heart" and "reach" of a local power agency, representing and ensuring the rights of the People.

The high requirements for the qualities and capacities of People's Council delegates and the "representative" structure of the People's Council for social components itself contain "contradictions" that need to be resolved to improve the quality of activities of the People's Council of the commune.

Third, the organization and operation of the People's Council are open, with the majority of delegates being non-professional; working under the conference regime.

According to regulations, the People's Council of the commune only has a Vice Chairman who is a full-time delegate, the Chairman of the People's Council of the commune and the Heads of the People's Council of the commune are part-time. Thus, the majority

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