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Assessment of the impact of working conditions on the health and disease structure of crew members working on Vietnamese ocean-going vessels - 26


Table 3.11. Energy and nutrient composition of the average diet

bottles/day/crew


Energy and substances

nutrition

Single

taste

Boat

pill

Standard of

hard labor vn

Energy

Kcal

3500.47

3400.00 - 3600.00

Protein

g

140.80

127.50 - 135.00

Lipids (total)

g

105.30

75.60 - 80.00

Carbohydrates (total)

g

488.50

552.50 - 585.00

Energy ratio:

Of Protein Of Lipid Of Glucid




%

15.30

12

%

28.60

15 - 20

%

59.00

65 - 70

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Assessment of the impact of working conditions on the health and disease structure of crew members working on Vietnamese ocean-going vessels - 26

Comment: The results from the table above show that: the crew's food rations have higher energy value than the energy standards for heavy laborers in Vietnam. But the energy ratio between food and foodstuffs is not balanced (Lipid and Protein are high, but Glucid is low).

3.2. HEALTH STATUS AND ILLNESS STRUCTURE OF SEAFAR TRANSPORT SEAFAR ...

3.2.1. Some physical indicators of ocean-going ship crew members

C

Table 3.12. Physical fitness index of crew members (n=600)


Result

Target

Ship crew

ocean freight

X SD

Work on

mainland (n=300)

X SD


p

Height (cm)

166.92 ± 4.81

164.00 ± 5.04

<0.05

Weight (kg)

62.63 ± 7.81

53.32 ± 6.44

<0.05

VNTB (cm)

86.92 ± 2.25

83.01 ± 4.86

<0.05

BMI index

22.43 ± 2.48

19.81 ± 2.20

<0.05


Comment: The research results in the table above show that the physical indicators of TVVTVD are higher than those of workers on land [38].

Crew ratio by BMI

14.34%

9.33%

Thin (BMI < 18.5)

10.83%


12.5%

53%

Normal (18.5 ≤

BMI < 22.9)

Overweight (BMI =

23)

Pre-obese (23 < BMI ≤ 24.9)

Obesity (BMI ≥ 25)

Figure 3.1. Classification of BMI index of crew members (n=600)

Comment: The results of BMI classification of crew members showed that the rate of overweight crew members was 12.50%, pre-obese was 10.83%, obese was 14.34%. The number of thin crew members accounted for only 9.33%.

3.2.2. Some functional indicators of ocean transport crew

3.2.2.1. Functions of the circulatory and respiratory systems of ocean-going crew members

Table 3.13. Characteristics of pulse rate and blood pressure of crew members (n=600)


Research criteria


Research results ( X SD )

p

Ship crew

ocean freight

Work on

mainland (n=300)

Pulse (beats/minute)

82.55 ± 9.54

76.22 ± 7.25

<0.05

Ps (mmHg)

127.87 ± 14.54

118.16 12.68

<0.05

d (mmHg)

80.22 ± 8.10

75.20 7.43

<0.05

P

Comments: Research results show that pulse and blood pressure indicators


of seafarers are higher than that of workers on land.


Electrocardiographic characteristics of TVVTVD

31.67%

Normal ECG

68.33%

Electrocardiogram changes

Figure 3.2. Electrocardiographic characteristics of ocean-going ship crew (n=600)

Comment: The research results from Figure 3.2 show that the electrocardiogram ratio

The turnover of ocean-going crew members is up to 31.67%.

Table 3.14. Respiratory function of crew members (n=600)



Research criteria


Research results ( X SD )


p

Ship crew

ocean freight

Labor on the land

consecutive (n=300)

VC (liter)

3.52 ± 0.34

3.40 ± 0.34

>0.05

FVC (liter)

3.34 ± 0.32

3.20 ± 0.30

>0.05

FEV1 (%)

96.67 ± 8.11

93.54 ± 7.69

>0.05

FEV1 /VC (% )

78.48 ± 5.21

77.37 ± 6.87

>0.05

FEV1 / FVC (%)

85.73 ± 7.73

79.38 ± 5.93

<0.05

FEF 25-75 (%)

83.95 ± 11.18

75.32 ± 7.31

<0.05

dysfunction

breathing:


Number of cases


Percentage


Number of cases


Percentage


- Respiratory restriction

0

0

13

4.33


respiratory obstruction

0

0

0

0


mixed segment

0

0

0

0


- Blockage

- Confused

Comment: The research results from the above table show that the communication function


The pulmonary ventilation of seafarers was within normal limits. No seafarers had respiratory dysfunction (according to the pulmonary ventilation function assessment table [140]). Only 4.33% of land workers had respiratory restriction syndrome.

3.2.2.2. Blood and urine tests

Table 3.15. Hematological characteristics of crew members (n=600)



Research criteria

Research results


p

Ship crew

ocean freight

Work on

mainland(n=300)

White blood cell count (G/L)

7.97 1.94

7.50 ± 1.40

> 0.05

Red blood cell count (T/L)

4.69 ± 0.52

4.24 1.09

< 0.05

Hematocrit (l/L)

0.43 ± 0.05

0.44 0.025

> 0.05

Hemoglobin (mg/100ml)

15.70 12.10

14.30 ± 0.70

< 0.05

Platelet count (G/L)

225.60 44.70

210.00 37.00

< 0.05

H

Comment : The research results from the table above show that in the peripheral blood indicators of ocean-going crew members, the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin and platelets of crew members is slightly higher than that of workers on land.


9.33%

3.5%

Normal


Fasting glucose tolerance disorder

87.17%

Diabetes

Figure 3.3. Classification of blood sugar disorders in seafarers (n=600)


Comment: The study results showed that the average blood sugar level


The average blood glucose level of the crew members was within normal limits; the rate of crew members with impaired fasting glucose tolerance and diabetes was quite high (12.83%).

Table 3.16. Blood lipid status of crew members (n=600)



Research criteria


Research results ( X SD )


p

Ocean freight crew

Land labor (n=300)

Cholesterol (mmol/L)

5.77 ± 1.64

5.12 ± 0.78

< 0.05

Triglyceride (mmol/L)

3.17 ± 1.40

2.16 ± 0.53

< 0.05

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.29 ± 0.17

1.19 ± 0.21

< 0.05

LDL-C (mmol/L)

3.94 ± 0.20

3.50 ± 0.41

< 0.05

Comment: The research results from the table above show that the blood lipids of seafarers have higher HDL-C content than those of workers on land. The rate of seafarers with lipid disorders (Cholesterol > 5.2 and or triglyceride > 2.3) is 394/600 seafarers, accounting for 65.67%.

Table 3.17. Urine component indexes of crew members (n=600)


Research criteria

Number of changes (n)

Rate (%)

White blood cells

52

8.67

Red blood cells

62

10.33

Nitrite

30

5.00

Protein

40

6.67

Glucose

22

3.67

Urobilinogen

34

5.67

bin

16

2.67

ng, pH

Within normal limits

Bilirubin

Rate of occupancy

Comment: The research results from the table above show that the density and pH


The crew's urine was within normal limits, the proportion of urine with

Red blood cells, white blood cells and protein account for 6.67 to 10.33%.

Table 3.18. Characteristics of some psychological indicators of crew members (n=600)



Research criteria

There is change

mentality

No variables

change mentality

Number of cases

Proportion

(%)

Number of cases

Proportion

(%)

Worry about accidents and disasters

536

89.33

64

10.67

Stress from noise, vibration, gasoline fumes

542

90.33

58

9.67

The feeling of loneliness is tormenting

394

65.67

206

34.33

Sexual emotional tension

416

69.33

184

30.67

Harsh working environment at sea

372

62.00

228

38.00

Economic burden

330

55.00

270

45.00

Thinking too much about family

334

55.66

266

44.34


Comments : The results of the table above show that the majority of crew members are worried about accidents and disasters (89.33%) and have nervous tension due to noise, vibration, and gasoline fumes in the environment (90.33%), followed by feelings of loneliness (65.67%), emotional and sexual tension (69.33%) and

burden

economic (55.00%).


3.2.3. Disease structure of ocean-going crew members

Table 3.19. General disease prevalence in seafarers (n=600)


Disease group name

Number of cases (n)

Rate (%)

Infections and parasites

100

16.67

Tumors

8

1.33

Blood and blood-forming organ diseases

1

0.17

Endocrine and metabolic nutritional diseases

415

69.17

Mental behavioral disorders

134

22.33

Neurological and sensory organ diseases

16

2.67

Eye disease

147

24.5

Disease of the ear

19

3.17

Diseases of the circulatory system

206

34.33

Diseases of the respiratory system

197

32.83

Diseases of the digestive system

Including: Constipation

354

122

59.00

20.33

Diseases of the urinary and reproductive systems

74

12.33

Skin and subcutaneous system diseases

19

3.17

Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and its tissues

related functions

2

0.33

Poisoning accidents and injuries

other due to external causes

3

0.5

often

nourish,

Comment: The research results in Table 3.19 show that the group of diseases found in sailors on ocean-going ships is endocrine and metabolic diseases with the highest rate (415 people with the disease, accounting for 69.17%); followed by


diseases of the digestive system, respiratory diseases, diseases of the circulatory system and infections-parasites.

Table 3.20. Disease incidence by occupational group in seafarers (n=600)



Disease group name

Deck Group

(n=219)

Machine group

(n=225)

Service group

case (n=156)

Number of cases

(n)

Rate (%)

Number of cases

(n)

Rate (%)

Number of cases

(n)

Rate (%)

Infections and parasites

40

18.26

38

16.89

22

14.10

Nutritional disorders,

endocrine, metabolism


137


62.56


151


67.11


127


81.41

Behavioral disorders and

mental


84


38.36


34


15.11


16


10.26

Eye disease

66

30.14

39

30.67

12

7.69

Disease of the ear

2

0.91

14

6.22

3

1.92

Circulatory disease

77

35.16

75

33.33

54

34.62

Respiratory disease

67

31.16

78

34.67

52

33.33

Digestive system disease

126

57.53

137

60.89

91

58.33

high

most endocrine

Comments : The research results from the table above show that: the incidence of endocrine disorders, nutritional and metabolic disorders; digestive system diseases; circulatory system diseases; respiratory system diseases; eye diseases in all three groups are higher, the service group has a higher incidence of nutritional disorders,

, highest metabolism, the group of ships with high digestive system diseases

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