Age of Workers with Children From 36 to 72 Months Old

Through the survey results of 215 samples of workers with children aged 36-72 months, including 46 male workers and 169 female workers, male workers accounted for 21.4%, female workers 78.6%. Through the randomly conducted research sample, it was shown that the proportion of women interested in this topic was 3 times higher than that of men (78.6% compared to 21.4%), with the characteristics of the sewing and embroidery industry, most of them are women, so they pay much attention to child care, especially in the early morning, children have to go to the family nursery before 6:30 am, and can only go home in the afternoon or evening. During the time away from their children, mothers are always worried about the quality of child care at the family nursery " away from our children for more than 10 hours a day, we are very worried about whether our children are well cared for? Are they abused? “ (22-year-old female worker), in addition to depending on the gender role in the female worker's family, childcare and access to preschool education services are often left entirely to the child's mother.

Chart 2. Age of workers with children from 36 to 72 months old

Source: Author, October 2018

Regarding the age of having children from 36-72 months, the highest is from 25-<35 accounting for 61.39%, representing the golden age of labor, the youth age bracket and also the suitable age for reproduction. With working workers aged >45 accounting for 0.94%, many businesses

Enterprises have been and are in need of laying off workers. The main reason for this situation is that they often have to participate in high-intensity labor and have to work overtime regularly, work extra hours, poor working conditions, along with time and age, their health is increasingly declining, their agility is worse, it is very difficult to increase labor productivity. Meanwhile, the cost for these workers is higher than that of young workers such as salary and social insurance costs. Therefore, enterprises want to lay off these workers to have conditions to receive young workers, with lower salary and insurance costs, and can work more shifts. For the above reasons, most workers will choose to have children at this age to ensure health conditions, as well as enjoy salary and maternity policies according to regulations.

Table 1. Age and number of children present

Age Number of children

Frequency	(%)	p
Age >18<25	45 42	(20.93) (19.53)	0.004
Have 01 child	45 42	(20.93) (19.53)
Have 02 children	03	(1.40)
Age >25<35	132	(61.39)	0.037
Have 01 child	125	(58.13)
Have 02 children Have 03 children Have 04 children	03 02 02	(1.40) (0.93) (0.93)
Age >35<45	36	(16.74)	0.024
Have 01 child Have 02 children Have 03 children Have 04 children	34 02 00 00	(15.81) ( 0.93 )
Age >45	02	(1.86)	0.001
Have 01 child	02	(1.86)

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Source: Author, October 2018

Age is related to the number of children, age >18 <25 has one child accounting for 19.53%, having two children accounting for 1.40%, while age >25<35 has one child accounting for 58.13%, two children accounting for 1.40%, three children accounting for 0.93%, four children accounting for 0.93%; age >35<45 has one child accounting for 15.81%, two children accounting for 0.93%, age >45 has one child accounting for 1.86%. The relationship between age and number of children P<0.005, shows that the older the age, the fewer the number of children in the age range of 36-72 months, focusing only on the age of labor force with income for both husband and wife, so the number of third and fourth children is not in the age range >45 and >35<45.

Table 2: Time of residence in Binh Duong Province of workers

Time living in Binh Duong Province

Quantity	Rate (%)
6 months - 1 year	17	7.9
1 - 3 years	54	25.1
3 - 5 years	44	20.5
Over 5 years	100	46.5
Total	215	100.0

Source: Author, October 2018 Through the above results, the author found that workers working at Winning Embroidery Company Limited, Binh Duong Province have lived and worked in Binh Duong Province for a very long time. Of which, the number of workers who have lived and worked here for more than 5 years accounts for the highest percentage (over 46.5%), the group of workers who have lived in Binh Duong Province for 1-3 years is the second highest (accounting for 25.1%) and the group who have lived for 3-5 years is the third highest (accounting for 20.5%). This shows that workers working at the company

Winning Embroidery Company Limited, Binh Duong Province has lived and understood the services in Binh Duong Province in general and the Winning Embroidery Company Limited, Binh Duong Province in particular. Therefore, the sharing of this group of workers shows the needs and the reality of preschool education services for workers' children in the research area. At the same time, their assessments and suggestions will be realistic with the reality of preschool services in the area where they live and work for the author in this study. In addition, the time of residence related to the temporary residence regulation is for a period of more than 2 consecutive years, and permanent residence is granted, with the condition of having a house. However, in the survey sample, all workers are still living in rented houses, not having the conditions to buy a house, although among them, there are people who have lived for more than 5 years and are eligible for permanent residence. This is one of the obstacles in allowing children aged 36-72 months to access state preschool services, so most workers choose private kindergartens or family childcare groups.

Table 3: Workers' education level

Education level

Quantity

Rate (%)

Elementary

6.51

Secondary School

105

48.84

High School

37.21

Other

7.44

Total

215

100.0

Source: Author, October 2018

Regarding education level, 48.84% of the total number of workers have a junior high school degree, 37.21% have a high school degree and 6.51% have a primary school degree. Workers with other qualifications only account for 7.44%. Most workers with low education have little opportunity for promotion at work, so their income is more or less affected.

Table 4: Income and number of children

Income Number of children

Frequency	(%)	p
<3,000,000 VND	7 3	(3.26) (1.40)	0.001
Have 01 child	7 3	(3.26) (1.40)	0.001
Have 02 children Have 03 children Have 04 children	0 2 2	( 00) (0.93) (0.93)
>3 <5 million	12	(5.58)	0.018
Have 01 child	12	(5.58)
Have 02 children Have 03 children Have 04 children	0 0 0
>5 million <10 million	105	(48.84)	0.039
Have 01 child Have 02 children Have 03 children Have 04 children	98 6 1 0	( 45.58) ( 0.47 )
>10 million	91	(42.33)	0.032
Have 01 child Have 02 children	88 3	(40.93) ( 1.40)

Source: Author, October 2018

Through a survey of 215 workers, income has a relationship with the number of children P<0.005, high total income, the number of children is higher than the low income, typically from > 5,000,000 VND to < 10,000,000 VND, there are 105 workers accounting for 48.84% of which 01 child accounts for 45.58%, > 10,000,000 VND accounts for 42.33%, having 01 child accounts for 40.93% while income < 3,000,000 VND accounts for 3.36%, having 01 child accounts for 1.4%. Monthly income level

The cost of childcare must be carefully calculated. Most workers want to send their children to public kindergartens because of reasonable prices and high safety. However, due to costs and obstacles in procedures such as household registration, convenience for work hours, and picking up and dropping off children, they have to accept the risks of sending their children to private schools or family daycare groups.

2.3.2. Current status of using preschool education services for workers' children Chart 3. Social work services to support workers at the Company

Source: Author, October 2018

The survey results of 215 workers on social work in the company, there were 15 workers with social work services accounting for 7%, the remaining 200 workers said no, accounting for 93% of the total survey. In 15 workers, there was a misunderstanding between the union and social work, thinking that maternity support, visiting when there was a work accident was the task of social work. The research of author Tran Thu Phuong on social work, social work services in industrial parks, manufacturing companies also brought up the confusion between social work and the union.]35]

Table 5. Level of access to kindergarten from information to admission procedures

Content

Quantity	Percentage
-Search for information	215	100
No information available	22	10.23
Relatives, colleagues	115	53.49
Know preschool teachers	16	7.44
School announcement	37	17.21
Media	5	2.33
Accidentally found out the school accepts children	20	9.30
-Choose childcare service	215	100
Public	77	35.81
Private	119	55.35
Family Youth Group	18	8.37
Acquaintance	1	0.47
- Admission procedures	215	100
very difficult	3	1.4
Hard	30	14
Normal	90	41.9
Easy	86	40
Very easy	6	2.8

Source: Author, October 2018

There is no social work service at the company, the search for information about sending children is mostly through acquaintances with colleagues in the company, accounting for 53.49%, 22% have no information about the place to send their children, accounting for 10.23%, accidentally knowing information about receiving children, accounting for 9.30%. The regulations and procedures for admission to private kindergartens are easy, so up to 55.35% of workers send their children, 8.37% send their children.

According to the family nursery group, up to 41.9% of the children are enrolled in normal schools, 40% think it is easy. The survey data above shows that workers know where to send their children to school, daycare, all through social communication, so sending the wrong children to schools, daycare centers with poor quality, children are not well cared for is inevitable. Through information about child abuse at private nurseries, family nursery groups transmitted on mass media, it is the fear of workers every day working at the Company " Sending children but not feeling secure, always afraid that my child will be beaten, my child will be forced to eat, sometimes I will have to prick my hand with a needle to wake up " (Female worker, 28 years old)

Table 6. Costs for preschool education of workers' children

Expenditure ratio

'Quantity

Percentage

20%

159

73.95

20 - 30%

11.63

30 - 40%

1.86

40 - 50%

0.47

Other

12.09

Total

215

100.0

Source: Author, October 2018

The cost of nursery services accounts for 73.95%, accounting for 20% of workers' income, 11.63% accounts for 30%, 12.09% think that spending more money on additional teachers and nannies to ensure children are well cared for, even though that amount of money has taken up a part of essential expenses in life.

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