With the integration, TKV has no other choice but to take the right steps and change to adapt to new conditions.
2. World coal market trends in the coming time
In the next few years, Vietnam will continue to rank first or second in the world in exporting Anthracite coal, with a supply of about 4 million tons/year to the world, accounting for 25-30% of the total volume of Anthracite coal exported to the world market.
In 2007 and the next few years, China will close 25 coal mines with an average output of about 25 million tons of coal. Currently, the total loss of 8 coal mines in China alone is up to 1.9 billion yuan, accounting for about 39.8% of the total loss of the entire coal industry. The total volume of coal exported by China in 2005 was only 38-40 million tons of all kinds of coal, of which Anthracite coal only accounted for 2.5-3.5 million tons. This is a good opportunity for Vietnam to export Anthracite coal.
Mr. Colin Gubbins - Director of consulting firm The McCloskey Group (TMG) said that the world coal market will continue to have a stable price trend due to the tight supply of coal in China while the demand in India and South Korea is still increasing strongly. Kaz Tanaka, Deputy General Director of PT Arutmin Indonesia, said that the coal supply in the Asian market is currently tight because many coal ships are still waiting to load at Australian ports. Mr. Gubbins predicted that the coal demand in China and India could increase by 47.6% and 17% respectively this year.
Along with Australia, Indonesia is currently one of the world's largest coal exporters, and will continue to dominate the Asian coal market at least until 2020, despite the government's policy of increasing coal supply for the domestic market. Indonesia's coal production is expected to increase from 193 million tons in 2006 to 370 million tons in 2025. However, as domestic consumption is likely to increase sharply, the country's coal exports are forecast to
increased only slightly from 148 million tons last year to 150 million tons in 2009 and will remain stable at this level until 2025. According to Mr. Gubbins, the fact that China, one of the world's leading coal producers, will continue to reduce coal exports is one of the important factors contributing to strengthening the position of Indonesia (with reserves of about 63 billion tons) as the largest coal exporter in Asia. In fact, China has increased coal imports to supplement the domestic supply shortage after the country closed many coal mines, and Vietnam's coal exports have decreased.
. Our third largest competitor in coal supply is South Africa. It is predicted that with the stability of this region, South Africa will continue to increase the volume of Anthracite exported and is estimated to account for 20-22% of the total volume of Anthracite exported worldwide.
Regarding the coal import market, with the rapid economic recovery after the regional crisis, Japan will continue to be the world's largest importer of anthracite coal. Next is France with a proportion of about 16 - 20% of the volume of imported anthracite coal and will remain at this level in the next few years. Some countries such as the Philippines, South Korea, Bulgaria... still import anthracite coal with a volume similar to previous years. In 2007, India's coal imports are expected to increase nearly 6 times to 29 million tons, compared to 5 million tons in 2006; the inauguration of new power plants in South Korea will also increase the country's coal import demand to 64 million tons. Malaysia also increased the amount of imported coal to 14 million tons, compared to 1.5 million tons in 2006. Thus, the world market for import and export of Anthracite coal in the coming time will be relatively stable and tend to increase, this can be considered a good opportunity for Vietnam National Coal - Mineral Industries Group to promote coal export activities.
II. DEVELOPMENT ORIENTATION OF TKV IN THE COMING TIME
1. Key challenges for the coal industry in the coming time
Firstly , domestic coal demand is increasing while the coal industry's ability to increase output is limited:
Table 15: Estimated domestic coal consumption demand in the coming time
Unit: Million tons
The indicators
2006 | 2010 | 2015 | 2020 | 2025 | |
Coal for electricity consumption | 5.3 | 11.9 | 23.9 | 39.1 | 76.3 |
Coal for cement | 3.6 | 5.3 | 6.4 | 7.1 | 7.4 |
Coal for other consumption sectors | 9.6 | 12.5 | 18.5 | 24.5 | 29.0 |
Add domestic coal demand | 18.5 | 29-32 | 47-50 | 69-72 | 112-115 |
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World Coffee Market Forecast in the Coming Years -
![Mobile Phone Usage in Hanoi Inner City Area
zt2i3t4l5ee
zt2a3gsconsumer,consumption,consumer behavior,marketing,mobile marketing
zt2a3ge
zc2o3n4t5e6n7ts
- Test the relationship between demographic variables and consumer behavior for Mobile Marketing activities
The analysis method used is the Chi-square test (χ2), with statistical hypotheses H0 and H1 and significance level α = 0.05. In case the P index (p-value) or Sig. index in SPSS has a value less than or equal to the significance level α, the hypothesis H0 is rejected and vice versa. With this testing procedure, the study can evaluate the difference in behavioral trends between demographic groups.
CHAPTER 4
RESEARCH RESULTS
During two months, 1,100 survey questionnaires were distributed to mobile phone users in the inner city of Hanoi using various methods such as direct interviews, sending via email or using questionnaires designed on the Internet. At the end of the survey, after checking and eliminating erroneous questionnaires, the study collected 858 complete questionnaires, equivalent to a rate of about 78%. In addition, the research subjects of the thesis are only people who are using mobile phones, so people who do not use mobile phones are not within the scope of the thesis, therefore, the questionnaires with the option of not using mobile phones were excluded from the scope of analysis. The number of suitable survey questionnaires included in the statistical analysis was 835.
4.1 Demographic characteristics of the sample
The structure of the survey sample is divided and statistically analyzed according to criteria such as gender, age, occupation, education level and personal income. (Detailed statistical table in Appendix 6)
- Gender structure: Of the 835 completed questionnaires, 49.8% of respondents were male, equivalent to 416 people, and 50.2% were female, equivalent to 419 people. The survey results of the study are completely consistent with the gender ratio in the population structure of Vietnam in general and Hanoi in particular (Male/Female: 49/51).
- Age structure: 36.6% of respondents are <23 years old, equivalent to 306 people. People from 23-34 years old
accounting for the highest proportion: 44.8% equivalent to 374 people, people aged 35-45 and >45 are 70 and 85 people equivalent to 8.4% and 10.2% respectively. Looking at the results of this survey, we can see that the young people - youth account for a large proportion of the total number of people participating in the survey. Meanwhile, the middle-aged people including two age groups of 35 - 45 and >45 have a low rate of participation in the survey. This is completely consistent with the reality when Mobile Marketing is identified as a Marketing service aimed at young people (people under 35 years old).
- Structure by educational level: among 835 valid responses, 541 respondents had university degrees, accounting for the highest proportion of ~ 75%, 102 had secondary school degrees, ~ 13.1%, and 93 had post-graduate degrees, ~ 11.9%.
- Occupational structure: office workers and civil servants are the group with the highest rate of participation with 39.4%, followed by students with 36.6%. Self-employed people account for 12%, retired housewives are 7.8% and other occupational groups account for 4.2%. The survey results show that the student group has the same rate as the group aged <23 at 36.6%. This shows the accuracy of the survey data. In addition, the survey results distributed by occupational criteria have a rate almost similar to the sample division rate in chapter 3. Therefore, it can be concluded that the survey data is suitable for use in analysis activities.
- Income structure: the group with income from 3 to 5 million has the highest rate with 39% of the total number of respondents. This is consistent with the income structure of Hanoi people and corresponds to the average income of the group of civil servants and office workers. Those
People with no income account for 23%, income under 3 million VND accounts for 13% and income over 5 million VND accounts for 25%.
4.2 Mobile phone usage in Hanoi inner city area
According to the survey results, most respondents said they had used the phone for more than 1 year, specifically: 68.4% used mobile phones from 4 to 10 years, 23.2% used from 1 to 3 years, 7.8% used for more than 10 years. Those who used mobile phones for less than 1 year accounted for only a very small proportion of ~ 0.6%. (Table 4.1)
Table 4.1: Time spent using mobile phones
Frequency
Ratio (%)
Valid Percentage
Cumulative Percentage
Alid
<1 year
5
.6
.6
.6
1-3 years
194
23.2
23.2
23.8
4-10 years
571
68.4
68.4
92.2
>10 years
65
7.8
7.8
100.0
Total
835
100.0
100.0
The survey indexes on the time of using mobile phones of consumers in the inner city of Hanoi are very impressive for a developing country like Vietnam and also prove that Vietnamese consumers have a lot of experience using this high-tech device. Moreover, with the majority of consumers surveyed having a relatively long time of use (4-10 years), it partly proves that mobile phones have become an important and essential item in peoples daily lives.
When asked about the mobile phone network they are using, 31% of respondents said they are using the network of Vietel company, 29% use the network of
of Mobifone company, 27% use Vinaphone companys network and 13% use networks of other providers such as E-VN telecom, S-fone, Beeline, Vietnammobile. (Figure 4.1).
Figure 4.1: Mobile phone network in use
Compared with the announced market share of mobile telecommunications service providers in Vietnam (Vietel: 36%, Mobifone: 29%, Vinaphone: 28%, the remaining networks: 7%), we see that the survey results do not have many differences. However, the statistics show that there is a difference in the market share of other networks because the Hanoi market is one of the two main markets of small networks, so their market share in this area will certainly be higher than that of the whole country.
According to a report by NielsenMobile (2009) [8], the number of prepaid mobile phone subscribers in Hanoi accounts for 95% of the total number of subscribers, however, the results of this survey show that the percentage of prepaid subscribers has decreased by more than 20%, only at 70.8%. On the contrary, the number of postpaid subscribers tends to increase from 5% in 2009 to 19.2%. Those who are simultaneously using both types of subscriptions account for 10%. (Table 4.2).
Table 4.2: Types of mobile phone subscribers
Frequency
Ratio (%)
Valid Percentage
Cumulative Percentage
Valid
Prepay
591
70.8
70.8
70.8
Pay later
160
19.2
19.2
89.9
Both of the above
84
10.1
10.1
100.0
Total
835
100.0
100.0
The above figures show the change in the psychology and consumption habits of Vietnamese consumers towards mobile telecommunications services, when the use of prepaid subscriptions and junk SIMs is replaced by the use of two types of subscriptions for different purposes and needs or switching to postpaid subscriptions to enjoy better customer care services.
In addition, the majority of respondents have an average spending level for mobile phone services from 100 to 300 thousand VND (406 ~ 48.6% of total respondents). The high spending level (> 500 thousand VND) is the spending level with the lowest number of people with only 8.4%, on the contrary, the low spending level (under 100 thousand VND) accounts for the second highest proportion among the groups of respondents with 25.4%. People with low spending levels mainly fall into the group of students and retirees/housewives - those who have little need to use or mainly use promotional SIM cards. (Table 4.3).
Table 4.3: Spending on mobile phone charges
Frequency
Ratio (%)
Valid Percentage
Cumulative Percentage
Valid
<100,000
212
25.4
25.4
25.4
100-300,000
406
48.6
48.6
74.0
300,000-500,000
147
17.6
17.6
91.6
>500,000
70
8.4
8.4
100.0
Total
835
100.0
100.0
The statistics in Table 4.3 are similar to the percentages in the NielsenMobile survey results (2009) with 73% of mobile phone users having medium spending levels and only 13% having high spending levels.
The survey results also showed that up to 31% ~ nearly one-third of respondents said they sent more than 10 SMS messages/day, meaning that on average they sent 1 SMS message for every working hour. Those with an average SMS message volume (from 3 to 10 messages/day) accounted for 51.1% and those with a low SMS message volume (less than 3 messages/day) accounted for 17%. (Table 4.4)
Table 4.4: Number of SMS messages sent per day
Frequency
Ratio (%)
Valid Percentage
Cumulative Percentage
Valid
<3 news
142
17.0
17.0
17.0
3-10 news
427
51.1
51.1
68.1
>10 news
266
31.9
31.9
100.0
Total
835
100.0
100.0
Similar to sending messages, those with an average message receiving rate (from 3-10 messages/day) accounted for the highest percentage of ~ 55%, followed by those with a high number of messages (over 10 messages/day) ~ 24% and those with a low number of messages received daily (under 3 messages/day) remained at the bottom with 21%. (Table 4.5)
Table 4.5: Number of SMS messages received per day
Frequency
Ratio (%)
Valid Percentage
Cumulative Percentage
Valid
<3 news
175
21.0
21.0
21.0
3-10 news
436
55.0
55.0
76.0
>10 news
197
24.0
24.0
100.0
Total
835
100.0
100.0
When comparing the data of the two result tables 4.4 and 4.5, we can see the reasonableness between the ratio of the number of messages sent and the number of messages received daily by the interview participants.
4.3 Current status of SMS advertising and Mobile Marketing
According to the interview results, in the 3 months from the time of the survey and before, 94% of respondents, equivalent to 785 people, said they received advertising messages, while only a very small percentage of 6% (only 50 people) did not receive advertising messages (Table 4.6).
Table 4.6: Percentage of people receiving advertising messages in the last 3 months
Frequency
Ratio (%)
Valid Percentage
Cumulative Percentage
Valid
Have
785
94.0
94.0
94.0
Are not
50
6.0
6.0
100.0
Total
835
100.0
100.0
The results of Table 4.6 show that consumers in the inner city of Hanoi are very familiar with advertising messages. This result is also the basis for assessing the knowledge, experience and understanding of the respondents in the interview. This is also one of the important factors determining the accuracy of the survey results.
In addition, most respondents said they had received promotional messages, but only 24% of them had ever taken the action of registering to receive promotional messages, while 76% of the remaining respondents did not register to receive promotional messages but still received promotional messages every day. This is the first sign indicating the weaknesses and shortcomings of lax management of this activity in Vietnam. (Table 4.7)
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font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14pt; } div.maincontent .s64 { color: black; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 13pt; } div.maincontent .s67 { color: black; font-family:Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 9.5pt; } div.maincontent .s68 { color: black; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; } div.maincontent .s69 { color: black; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; } div.maincontent .s70 { color: black; font-family:Times New Roman, serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; tex](https://tailieuthamkhao.com/uploads/2022/12/03/cac-nhan-to-anh-huong-den-hanh-vi-nguoi-tieu-dung-doi-voi-hoat-dong-13-1-120x90.jpg)
Mobile Phone Usage in Hanoi Inner City Area
zt2i3t4l5ee
zt2a3gsconsumer,consumption,consumer behavior,marketing,mobile marketing
zt2a3ge
zc2o3n4t5e6n7ts
- Test the relationship between demographic variables and consumer behavior for Mobile Marketing activities
The analysis method used is the Chi-square test (χ2), with statistical hypotheses H0 and H1 and significance level α = 0.05. In case the P index (p-value) or Sig. index in SPSS has a value less than or equal to the significance level α, the hypothesis H0 is rejected and vice versa. With this testing procedure, the study can evaluate the difference in behavioral trends between demographic groups.
CHAPTER 4
RESEARCH RESULTS
During two months, 1,100 survey questionnaires were distributed to mobile phone users in the inner city of Hanoi using various methods such as direct interviews, sending via email or using questionnaires designed on the Internet. At the end of the survey, after checking and eliminating erroneous questionnaires, the study collected 858 complete questionnaires, equivalent to a rate of about 78%. In addition, the research subjects of the thesis are only people who are using mobile phones, so people who do not use mobile phones are not within the scope of the thesis, therefore, the questionnaires with the option of not using mobile phones were excluded from the scope of analysis. The number of suitable survey questionnaires included in the statistical analysis was 835.
4.1 Demographic characteristics of the sample
The structure of the survey sample is divided and statistically analyzed according to criteria such as gender, age, occupation, education level and personal income. (Detailed statistical table in Appendix 6)
- Gender structure: Of the 835 completed questionnaires, 49.8% of respondents were male, equivalent to 416 people, and 50.2% were female, equivalent to 419 people. The survey results of the study are completely consistent with the gender ratio in the population structure of Vietnam in general and Hanoi in particular (Male/Female: 49/51).
- Age structure: 36.6% of respondents are <23 years old, equivalent to 306 people. People from 23-34 years old
accounting for the highest proportion: 44.8% equivalent to 374 people, people aged 35-45 and >45 are 70 and 85 people equivalent to 8.4% and 10.2% respectively. Looking at the results of this survey, we can see that the young people - youth account for a large proportion of the total number of people participating in the survey. Meanwhile, the middle-aged people including two age groups of 35 - 45 and >45 have a low rate of participation in the survey. This is completely consistent with the reality when Mobile Marketing is identified as a Marketing service aimed at young people (people under 35 years old).
- Structure by educational level: among 835 valid responses, 541 respondents had university degrees, accounting for the highest proportion of ~ 75%, 102 had secondary school degrees, ~ 13.1%, and 93 had post-graduate degrees, ~ 11.9%.
- Occupational structure: office workers and civil servants are the group with the highest rate of participation with 39.4%, followed by students with 36.6%. Self-employed people account for 12%, retired housewives are 7.8% and other occupational groups account for 4.2%. The survey results show that the student group has the same rate as the group aged <23 at 36.6%. This shows the accuracy of the survey data. In addition, the survey results distributed by occupational criteria have a rate almost similar to the sample division rate in chapter 3. Therefore, it can be concluded that the survey data is suitable for use in analysis activities.
- Income structure: the group with income from 3 to 5 million has the highest rate with 39% of the total number of respondents. This is consistent with the income structure of Hanoi people and corresponds to the average income of the group of civil servants and office workers. Those
People with no income account for 23%, income under 3 million VND accounts for 13% and income over 5 million VND accounts for 25%.
4.2 Mobile phone usage in Hanoi inner city area
According to the survey results, most respondents said they had used the phone for more than 1 year, specifically: 68.4% used mobile phones from 4 to 10 years, 23.2% used from 1 to 3 years, 7.8% used for more than 10 years. Those who used mobile phones for less than 1 year accounted for only a very small proportion of ~ 0.6%. (Table 4.1)
Table 4.1: Time spent using mobile phones
Frequency
Ratio (%)
Valid Percentage
Cumulative Percentage
Alid
<1 year
5
.6
.6
.6
1-3 years
194
23.2
23.2
23.8
4-10 years
571
68.4
68.4
92.2
>10 years
65
7.8
7.8
100.0
Total
835
100.0
100.0
The survey indexes on the time of using mobile phones of consumers in the inner city of Hanoi are very impressive for a developing country like Vietnam and also prove that Vietnamese consumers have a lot of experience using this high-tech device. Moreover, with the majority of consumers surveyed having a relatively long time of use (4-10 years), it partly proves that mobile phones have become an important and essential item in people's daily lives.
When asked about the mobile phone network they are using, 31% of respondents said they are using the network of Vietel company, 29% use the network of
of Mobifone company, 27% use Vinaphone company's network and 13% use networks of other providers such as E-VN telecom, S-fone, Beeline, Vietnammobile. (Figure 4.1).
Figure 4.1: Mobile phone network in use
Compared with the announced market share of mobile telecommunications service providers in Vietnam (Vietel: 36%, Mobifone: 29%, Vinaphone: 28%, the remaining networks: 7%), we see that the survey results do not have many differences. However, the statistics show that there is a difference in the market share of other networks because the Hanoi market is one of the two main markets of small networks, so their market share in this area will certainly be higher than that of the whole country.
According to a report by NielsenMobile (2009) [8], the number of prepaid mobile phone subscribers in Hanoi accounts for 95% of the total number of subscribers, however, the results of this survey show that the percentage of prepaid subscribers has decreased by more than 20%, only at 70.8%. On the contrary, the number of postpaid subscribers tends to increase from 5% in 2009 to 19.2%. Those who are simultaneously using both types of subscriptions account for 10%. (Table 4.2).
Table 4.2: Types of mobile phone subscribers
Frequency
Ratio (%)
Valid Percentage
Cumulative Percentage
Valid
Prepay
591
70.8
70.8
70.8
Pay later
160
19.2
19.2
89.9
Both of the above
84
10.1
10.1
100.0
Total
835
100.0
100.0
The above figures show the change in the psychology and consumption habits of Vietnamese consumers towards mobile telecommunications services, when the use of prepaid subscriptions and junk SIMs is replaced by the use of two types of subscriptions for different purposes and needs or switching to postpaid subscriptions to enjoy better customer care services.
In addition, the majority of respondents have an average spending level for mobile phone services from 100 to 300 thousand VND (406 ~ 48.6% of total respondents). The high spending level (> 500 thousand VND) is the spending level with the lowest number of people with only 8.4%, on the contrary, the low spending level (under 100 thousand VND) accounts for the second highest proportion among the groups of respondents with 25.4%. People with low spending levels mainly fall into the group of students and retirees/housewives - those who have little need to use or mainly use promotional SIM cards. (Table 4.3).
Table 4.3: Spending on mobile phone charges
Frequency
Ratio (%)
Valid Percentage
Cumulative Percentage
Valid
<100,000
212
25.4
25.4
25.4
100-300,000
406
48.6
48.6
74.0
300,000-500,000
147
17.6
17.6
91.6
>500,000
70
8.4
8.4
100.0
Total
835
100.0
100.0
The statistics in Table 4.3 are similar to the percentages in the NielsenMobile survey results (2009) with 73% of mobile phone users having medium spending levels and only 13% having high spending levels.
The survey results also showed that up to 31% ~ nearly one-third of respondents said they sent more than 10 SMS messages/day, meaning that on average they sent 1 SMS message for every working hour. Those with an average SMS message volume (from 3 to 10 messages/day) accounted for 51.1% and those with a low SMS message volume (less than 3 messages/day) accounted for 17%. (Table 4.4)
Table 4.4: Number of SMS messages sent per day
Frequency
Ratio (%)
Valid Percentage
Cumulative Percentage
Valid
<3 news
142
17.0
17.0
17.0
3-10 news
427
51.1
51.1
68.1
>10 news
266
31.9
31.9
100.0
Total
835
100.0
100.0
Similar to sending messages, those with an average message receiving rate (from 3-10 messages/day) accounted for the highest percentage of ~ 55%, followed by those with a high number of messages (over 10 messages/day) ~ 24% and those with a low number of messages received daily (under 3 messages/day) remained at the bottom with 21%. (Table 4.5)
Table 4.5: Number of SMS messages received per day
Frequency
Ratio (%)
Valid Percentage
Cumulative Percentage
Valid
<3 news
175
21.0
21.0
21.0
3-10 news
436
55.0
55.0
76.0
>10 news
197
24.0
24.0
100.0
Total
835
100.0
100.0
When comparing the data of the two result tables 4.4 and 4.5, we can see the reasonableness between the ratio of the number of messages sent and the number of messages received daily by the interview participants.
4.3 Current status of SMS advertising and Mobile Marketing
According to the interview results, in the 3 months from the time of the survey and before, 94% of respondents, equivalent to 785 people, said they received advertising messages, while only a very small percentage of 6% (only 50 people) did not receive advertising messages (Table 4.6).
Table 4.6: Percentage of people receiving advertising messages in the last 3 months
Frequency
Ratio (%)
Valid Percentage
Cumulative Percentage
Valid
Have
785
94.0
94.0
94.0
Are not
50
6.0
6.0
100.0
Total
835
100.0
100.0
The results of Table 4.6 show that consumers in the inner city of Hanoi are very familiar with advertising messages. This result is also the basis for assessing the knowledge, experience and understanding of the respondents in the interview. This is also one of the important factors determining the accuracy of the survey results.
In addition, most respondents said they had received promotional messages, but only 24% of them had ever taken the action of registering to receive promotional messages, while 76% of the remaining respondents did not register to receive promotional messages but still received promotional messages every day. This is the first sign indicating the weaknesses and shortcomings of lax management of this activity in Vietnam. (Table 4.7)
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Identify Rating Levels and Rating Scales
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zt2a3gstourism,quan lan,quang ninh,ecology,ecotourism,minh chau,van don,geography,geographical basis,tourism development,science
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of the islanders. Therefore, this indicator will be divided into two sub-indicators:
a1. Natural tourism attractiveness a2. Cultural tourism attractiveness
b. Tourist capacity
The two island communes in Quan Lan have different capacities to receive tourists. Minh Chau Commune is home to many standard hotels and resorts, attracting high-income domestic and international tourists. Meanwhile, Quan Lan Commune has many motels mainly built and operated by local people, so the scale and quality are not high, and will be suitable for ordinary tourists such as students.
c. Time of exploitation of Quan Lan Island Commune:
Quan Lan tourism is seasonal due to weather and climate conditions and festivals only take place on certain days of the year, specifically in spring. In Quan Lan commune, the period from April to June and from September to November is considered the best time to visit Quan Lan because the cultural tourism activities are mainly associated with festivals taking place during this time.
Minh Chau island commune:
Tourism exploitation time is all year round, because this is a place with a number of tourist attractions with diverse ecosystems such as Bai Tu Long National Park Research Center, Tram forest, Turtle Laying Beach, so besides coming to the beach for tourism and vacation in the summer, Minh Chau will attract research groups to come for tourism combined with research at other times of the year.
d. Sustainability
The sustainability of ecotourism sites in Quan Lan and Minh Chau communes depends on the sensitivity of the ecosystems to climate changes.
landscape. In general, these tourist destinations have a fairly high level of sustainability, because they are natural ecosystems, planned and protected. However, if a large number of tourists gather at certain times, it can exceed the carrying capacity and affect the sustainability of the environment (polluted beaches, damaged trees, animals moving away from their habitats, etc.), then the sustainability of the above ecosystems (natural ecosystems, human ecosystems) will also be affected and become less sustainable.
e. Location and accessibility
Both island communes have ports to take tourists to visit from Van Don wharf:
- Quan Lan – Van Don traffic route:
Phuc Thinh – Viet Anh high-speed boat and Quang Minh high-speed boat, depart at 8am and 2pm from Van Don to Quan Lan, and at 7am and 1pm from Quan Lan to Van Don. There are also wooden boats departing at 7am and 1pm.
- Van Don - Minh Chau traffic route:
Chung Huong high-speed train, Minh Chau train, morning 7:30 and afternoon 13:30 from Van Don to Minh Chau, morning 6:30 and afternoon 13:00 from Minh Chau to Van Don.
f. Infrastructure
Despite receiving investment attention, the issue of infrastructure and technical facilities for tourism on Quan Lan Island is still an issue that needs to be resolved because it has a direct impact on the implementation of ecotourism activities. The minimum conditions for serving tourists such as accommodation, electricity, water, communication, especially medical services, and security work need to be given top priority. Ecotourism spots in Minh Chau commune are assessed to have better infrastructure and technical facilities for tourism because there are quite complete and synchronous conditions for serving tourists, meeting many needs of domestic and foreign tourists.
3.2.1.4. Determine assessment levels and assessment scales
Corresponding to the levels of each criterion, the index is the score of those levels in the order of 4, 3, 2, 1 decreasing according to the standard of each level: very attractive (4), attractive (3), average (2), less attractive (1).
3.2.1.5. Determining the coefficients of the criteria
For the assessment of DLST in the two communes of Quan Lan and Minh Chau islands, the students added evaluation coefficients to show the importance of the criteria and indicators as follows:
Coefficient 3 with criteria: Attractiveness, Exploitation time. These are the 2 most important criteria for attracting tourists to tourism in general and eco-tourism in particular, so they have the highest coefficient.
Coefficient 2 with criteria: Capacity, Infrastructure, Location and accessibility . Because the assessment area is an island commune of Van Don district, the above criteria are selected by the author with appropriate coefficients at the average level.
Coefficient 1 with criteria: Sustainability. Quan Lan has natural and human-made ecotourism sites, with high biodiversity and little impact from local human factors. Most of the ecotourism sites are still wild, so they are highly sustainable.
3.2.1.6. Results of DLST assessment on Quan Lan island
a. Assessment of the potential for natural tourism development
For Minh Chau commune:
+ Natural tourism attractiveness is determined to be very attractive (4 points) and the most important coefficient (coefficient 3), so the score of the Attractiveness criterion is 4 x 3 = 12.
+ Capacity is determined as average (2 points) and the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of Capacity criterion is 2 x 2 = 4.
+ Exploitation time is long (4 points), the most important coefficient (coefficient 3) so the score of the Exploitation time criterion is 4 x 3 = 12.
+ Sustainability is determined as sustainable (4 points), the important coefficient is the average coefficient (coefficient 1), so the score of the Sustainability criterion is 4 x 1 = 4 points
+ Location and accessibility are determined to be quite favorable (2 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), the criterion score is 2 x 2 = 4 points.
+ Infrastructure is assessed as good (3 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of the Infrastructure criterion is 3 x 2 = 6 points.
The total score for evaluating DLST in Minh Chau commune according to 6 evaluation criteria is determined as: 12 + 4 + 12 + 4 + 4 + 6 = 42 points
Similar assessment for Quan Lan commune, we have the following table:
Table 3.3: Assessment of the potential for natural ecotourism development in Quan Lan and Minh Chau communes
Attractiveness of self-tourismof course
Capacity
Mining time
Sustainability
Location and accessibility
Infrastructure
Result
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
CommuneMinh Chau
12
12
4
8
12
12
4
4
4
8
6
8
42/52
Quan CommuneLan
6
12
6
8
9
12
4
4
4
8
4
8
33/52
b. Assessment of the potential for humanistic tourism development
For Quan Lan commune:
+ The attractiveness of human tourism is determined to be very attractive (4 points) and the most important coefficient (coefficient 3), so the score of the Attractiveness criterion is 4 x 3 = 12.
+ Capacity is determined to be large (3 points) and the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of the Capacity criterion is 3 x 2 = 6.
+ Mining time is average (3 points), the most important coefficient (coefficient 3) so the score of the Mining time criterion is 3 x 3 = 9.
+ Sustainability is determined as sustainable (4 points), the important coefficient is the average coefficient (coefficient 1), so the score of the Sustainability criterion is 4 x 1 = 4 points.
+ Location and accessibility are determined to be quite favorable (2 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), the criterion score is 2 x 2 = 4 points.
+ Infrastructure is rated as average (2 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of the Infrastructure criterion is 2 x 2 = 4 points.
The total score for evaluating DLST in Quan Lan commune according to 6 evaluation criteria is determined as: 12 + 6 + 6 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 36 points.
Similar assessment with Minh Chau commune we have the following table:
Table 3.4: Assessment of the potential for developing humanistic eco-tourism in Quan Lan and Minh Chau communes
Attractiveness of human tourismliterature
Capacity
Mining time
Sustainability
Location and accessibility
Infrastructure
Result
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Quan CommuneLan
12
12
6
8
9
12
4
4
4
8
4
8
39/52
Minh CommuneChau
6
12
4
8
12
12
4
4
4
8
6
8
36/52
Basically, both Minh Chau and Quan Lan localities have quite favorable conditions for developing ecotourism. However, Quan Lan commune has more advantages to develop ecotourism in a humanistic direction, because this is an area with many famous historical relics such as Quan Lan Communal House, Quan Lan Pagoda, Temple worshiping the hero Tran Khanh Du, ... along with local festivals held annually such as the wind praying ceremony (March 15), Quan Lan festival (June 10-19); due to its location near the port and long exploitation time, the beaches in Quan Lan commune (especially Quan Lan beach) are no longer hygienic and clean to ensure the needs of tourists coming to relax and swim; this is also an area with many beautiful landscapes such as Got Beo wind pass, Ong Phong head, Voi Voi cave, but the ability to access these places is still very limited (dirt hill road, lots of gravel and rocks), especially during rainy and windy times; In addition, other natural resources such as mangrove forests and sea worms have not been really exploited for tourism purposes and ecotourism development. On the contrary, Minh Chau commune has more advantages in developing ecotourism in the direction of natural tourism, this is an area with diverse ecosystems such as at Rua De Beach, Bai Tu Long National Park Conservation Center...; Minh Chau beach is highly appreciated for its natural beauty and cleanliness, ranked in the top ten most beautiful beaches in Vietnam; Minh Chau commune is also home to Tram forest with a large area and a purity of up to 90%, suitable for building bridges through the forest (a very effective type of natural ecotourism currently applied by many countries) for tourists to sightsee, as well as for the purpose of studying and researching.
Figure 3.1: Thenmala Forest Bridge (India) Source: https://www.thenmalaecotourism.com/(August 21, 2019)
3.2.2. Using SWOT matrix to evaluate Quan Lan island tourism
General assessment of current tourism activities of Quan Lan island is shown through the following SWOT matrix:
Table 3.5: SWOT matrix evaluating tourism activities on Quan Lan island
Internal agent
Strengths- There is a lot of potential for tourism development, especially natural ecotourism and humanistic ecotourism.- The unskilled labor force is relatively abundant.- resource environmentunpolluted, still
Weaknesses- Poorly developed infrastructure, especially traffic routes to tourist destinations on the island.- The team of professional staff is still weak.- Tourism products in general
quite wild, originalintact
general and DLST in particularalone is monotonous.
External agents
Opportunity- Tourism is a key industry in the socio-economic development strategy of the province and Van Don economic zone.- Quan Lan was selected as a pilot area for eco-tourism development within the framework of the green growth project between Quang Ninh province and the Japanese organization JICA.- The flow of tourists and especially ecotourism in the world tends toincreasing
Challenge- Weather and climate change abnormally.- Competition in tourism products is increasingly fierce, especially with other localities in the province such as Ha Long, Mong Cai...- Awareness of tourists, especially domestic tourists, about ecotourism and nature conservation is not high.
Through summary analysis using SWOT matrix we see that:
To exploit strengths and take advantage of opportunities, it is necessary to:
- Diversify products and service types (build more tourism routes aimed at specific needs of tourists: experiential tourism immersed in nature, spiritual cultural tourism...)
- Effective exploitation of resources and differentiated products (natural resources and human resources)
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Improving the competitiveness of Vietnamese hotels in the coming time - 14 -
Forecast on Automobile Market in 2008, Prospects for the Coming Years and Development Orientation for Vietnam's Automobile Industry
The indicators
2006 | 2010 | 2015 | 2020 | 2025 | |
Domestic coal demand | 18.45-18.75 | 29.4-31.8 | 47.4-50.7 | 71.5-75.5 | 112.3-118 |
Commercial coal can be produced | 35.1 | 40.3-44.2 | 43.4-49.8 | 49.6-57.3 | 51.8-60.3 |
Import of coal for metallurgy | 0.151-0.205 | 1.33-3.05 | 4.16-6.11 | 6.8-7.6 | 7.8-8.9 |
Import coal for electricity | Not yet | Not yet | 1.87-0.78 | 16.2-13.9 | 53.1-50.9 |
Source: Journal of Mining Science and Technology, No. 3/2007, page 15
Second, coal resources in general and mining conditions in particular are increasingly difficult and complicated, reflected in the following aspects: Open-pit mines are getting deeper and deeper, leading to the need to solve problems of mine bank stability, drainage, waste disposal, transport routes, mine gas issues, hydrogeology, etc. At the same time, coal resources that have been explored and verified and have favorable mining conditions are gradually depleted, and part of the coal reserves located deep underground must be put into exploitation.
far from or located below areas requiring strict protection of structures or surface structures.
Third, ensuring labor safety and environmental protection during the mining process requires more and more strictness, especially the protection of the world natural heritage Ha Long Bay. Using coal in the traditional way still causes pollution, low efficiency while coal processing technology is almost undeveloped.
Fourth, increasing output requires high investment capital while the Group's own capital is limited and domestic coal prices are still lower than cost; since 2007, they have begun to be adjusted according to market prices.
Fifth , the coal industry will also face difficulties as a country that has long exported coal will soon have to import coal. In particular, coal-using enterprises will have to face the use of coal at market prices instead of the habit of using low prices for many years.
In short, the above challenges are multi-dimensional and multi-faceted for the group. Our country's "black gold" source is limited, which should be a valuable fuel source to serve the needs of the national economic sectors, but due to low domestic coal prices, a part must be exported to ensure financial balance for the coal industry; the profit earned from coal exports should be used to invest in continuing to search for and explore resources, expand production, ensure labor safety, protect the environment and develop human resources for sustainable development of the coal industry, but it is used to compensate for losses for some sectors using domestic coal. Therefore, appropriate solutions are what the Vietnam National Coal - Mineral Industries Group as well as the entire coal industry really need at this time.
2. Development perspectives and sustainable development goals
2.1 Development perspective
The coal industry has put forth the following development motto: "Developing the coal industry sustainably according to the goals of increasing output to maximally meet the needs of the people."
economy, in harmony with the socio-economic development of the community, environmentally friendly and constantly improving the material and spiritual life of workers".
Based on the above viewpoint, the Group's development motto is:
- Strengthen innovation and modernization of technology and equipment in all stages of coal production and processing towards cleaner production and ensuring safety for workers.
- Increasing coal production must go hand in hand with maximizing resource recovery coefficient and protecting the environment during coal production.
- Using coal reasonably and economically, combined with increasing coal processing to diversify products, create clean products, and increase the value and use value of coal.
- Develop the Group on the basis of maximizing internal resources combined with increasing investment appeals and capital sources from abroad.
2.2 Development goals
Developing the coal industry into a modern, highly efficient economic and technical sector, in harmony with the socio-economic development of the community and environmentally friendly on the basis of enhancing deep processing of coal products, developing multi-sector business, promoting innovation and modernization of technology, developing human resources, ensuring labor safety and environmental protection to meet the highest level of coal demand of the economy, contributing to ensuring national energy security. Specifically as follows:
a. On coal development
Firstly, step up the search, exploration, upgrading and increasing of resources. Specifically: By 2010, complete exploration to determine the part of resources and coal reserves below -300m in Quang Ninh coal basin; at the same time, conduct exploration
Carefully explore the Red River Delta coal basin. By 2015 - 2020, the exploration of the Red River Delta coal basin will be completed. In addition, the coal loss index in mining must be significantly reduced compared to present.
Second, increase coal output in accordance with the coal demand of the economy, the sustainable development of each coal enterprise on the basis of ensuring socio-economic efficiency and financial balance of the coal industry.
Table 16: TKV's commercial coal output target by 2025
Unit: Million tons
Year
2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2015 | 2020 | 2025 | |
Target | 37 - 40 | 40 - 42 | 42 - 44 | 44 - 47 | 55 - 60 | 65 - 70 | 75 – 80 |
Source: Vietnam Coal and Minerals Magazine, No. 6/2007, page 9
With the goal of limiting the amount of exported coal and ensuring national energy security, the Ministry of Industry also proposed a "roadmap" for coal production and export in the period 2007 - 2010. Accordingly, in 2007, the entire industry will produce 37 million tons of clean coal, of which TKV will produce 36 million tons and export no more than 17 million tons. In 2008, this figure was 38 million tons, of which TKV will produce 37 million tons and export no more than 17 million tons. The amount of coal exported by TKV in 2009 was also proposed to be no more than 14 million tons out of the total output of 38 million tons produced by TKV. And by 2010, the amount of coal exported by TKV was proposed to be 12 million tons out of the total output of 40 million tons produced by TKV4 .
Third, accelerate technology research and implement coal processing projects in the direction of diversifying products, creating clean, environmentally friendly products. Strive for the coal processing industry to develop widely after 2020, partially replacing gasoline and oil and accounting for a significant proportion of the added value of the coal industry.
4 According to http://www.vinastock.com.vn/index/news.asp?id=2210
Fourth, continuously improve business efficiency based on strict cost management, economical use of materials and energy, and increased labor productivity through innovation, technological modernization, and widespread application of technical advances.
b. On harmonious development with the community
TKV aims to contribute to socio-economic development, maintain national defense, security, and social order and safety in coal areas; Develop harmoniously with partners for the purpose of "win-win"; Significantly improve the material, cultural and spiritual life of workers in the industry. Strive for an average annual income increase higher than the growth rate of the economy; Finally, strengthen the expansion of grassroots democracy in enterprises, thereby maximizing the intelligence and creativity of workers to strongly promote the cause of innovation and modernization of the coal industry as well as the Group.
c. On labor safety and environmental protection
Regarding labor safety: the Group's goal is to persistently strive to achieve the goal of "Zero Accidents".
Regarding the environment: The Group implements a strategy to protect the green - clean - beautiful environment with the following goals: By 2010, halt the environmental degradation in mining areas; By 2015, fundamentally improve key environmental indicators in sensitive areas; By 2025, fully meet environmental standards in mining areas.
3. The Group's strategic development orientation to 2025 and vision to 2050
Vietnam National Coal - Mineral Industries Group has drafted and built its Development Strategy, including development strategy, general policy and action motto to improve the production efficiency of the company.
parent company and subsidiaries. TKV clearly identifies 3 stages of the Development Strategy as follows 5 :
* Early period: Develop in breadth, increase scale, establish market share, participate in new business lines. During this period, TKV took the coal industry as the foundation, considered coal mining as the core task and used resources from coal to develop other business lines (such as minerals, electricity, mechanics, cement, industrial explosives, etc.). Establish market share for the fields of services, tourism, trade, infrastructure, capital business, money business, labor export, international cooperation, etc.
* Phase two: In-depth development of established industries. Especially perfecting the technologies of mining, selecting, smelting and deep processing of ores. Expanding the market share of industries other than coal. Developing metallurgy industries (ferrous and black), developing coal chemistry industry.
* Period three: Continue to develop in depth the industries. Move towards establishing a multi-industry corporation (finance, industry, services). Focus on mining and metallurgy. Prioritize the development of service, finance, credit, banking, securities, insurance industries, and regularly and effectively carry out business operations.
Specifically, the basic orientations of the development strategy are:
3.1 About the market
The Group's orientation is to accept maximum integration and marketization; Satisfy domestic needs with adjustments, promote import and export according to specific efficiency criteria; Maintain balance between markets to avoid risks; Participate in new existing markets; Create new markets for new mineral products.
5 According to Mining Industry Magazine, No. 4/2006, page 4