) The Necessity of Model Building.

The application of GIS technology in the management of socio-economic activities and heritage values ​​will bring high efficiency and at the same time provide necessary forecasts.

Action 2: Install a camera system to monitor and supervise activities at tourist attractions.

Installing a camera system to monitor and supervise socio-economic activities will ensure close monitoring of activities occurring in the heritage area, thereby having appropriate management measures.

Action 3: Install electronic chips - GPS technology to monitor socio-economic activities in the Bay.

Boats operating in Ha Long Bay are equipped with electronic chips - GPS technology to monitor all developments, helping managers grasp all activities at all times, everywhere, minimizing incidents.

Action 4: Apply clean technology to serve people's lives: use solar energy, treat waste with new technology...

Applying clean technology to serve people's lives are the goals that the management plan needs to aim for to solve some basic requirements in management work on Ha Long Bay such as environmental pollution, improving the material and spiritual life of the community, contributing to protecting heritage values.

Solution group 11. Strengthen patrolling and monitoring of socio-economic activities on the sea.

Action 1: Strengthen regular patrol and monitoring work and inter-sectoral coordination.

Strengthening the interdisciplinary inspection team.

Strengthen regular inspections, with two monthly inter-sectoral inspections of activities on the Bay. Ha Long Bay Management Board takes the lead in coordinating with other sectors to thoroughly resolve outstanding and emerging issues in Heritage management.

Action 2: Strengthen the Heritage Protection Collaborator Team.

The existing team of heritage protection collaborators needs to be strengthened in terms of quantity and equipment. At the same time, this team needs to be trained in conservation expertise and skills and be the core to call for the participation of local communities in heritage management and protection.

Solution group 12: Building a community-based model for biodiversity management and conservation in Ha Long Bay

1 ) The need for model building.

As presented above, Ha Long Bay is a nature reserve with high biodiversity, but economic activities in the reserve are vibrant. In addition, there is a community of residents living by exploiting the values ​​of Ha Long Bay, especially the biodiversity value.

However, the exploitation and use of biological resources here have not been effectively managed, and people's awareness of biodiversity conservation is not high, causing difficulties in management and conservation.

Currently, the management and conservation of biodiversity in Ha Long Bay is mainly carried out by state agencies, with limited participation from the people. With a very large area (1553km2 ) , if management only relies on functional agencies, it will cost a lot of state resources and resources, but the results will not be high.

One of the effective measures to manage and protect the biodiversity of Ha Long Bay is to rely on the community. The community participates in management and benefits from those management activities, so the community will voluntarily participate in protecting biological resources to ensure their own income.

The design of a community-based biodiversity conservation model for Ha Long Bay will be carried out according to the guidance of Circular 14/2013/TT-BTNMT dated June 21, 2013 on the regulations on Technical Process and Economic - Technical Norms for designing and building a community-based biodiversity conservation model in coastal wetland ecosystems.

2) Model criteria.

- There is consensus of the parties involved.

- The ecosystems of Ha Long Bay are preserved and developed according to approaches that make wise use of wetlands.

- Improve the quality of life of people participating in the model by sharing benefits fairly from the use of natural resources.

3) Design a community-based model for biodiversity management and conservation in Ha Long Bay.

a) Collect and analyze information related to building a community-based biodiversity management and conservation model in Ha Long Bay.

* Analyze the role of the community in the management and conservation of biodiversity values ​​of Ha Long Bay.

In fact, the lives of the communities living in Ha Long Bay all depend on natural resources through aquaculture, fishing and exploitation of other biological resources. The natural resources of Ha Long Bay have many types of high commercial value, so when the market demand requires it, it has urged the community to exploit them in all forms, both secretly and openly, both legally and illegally. It can be affirmed that natural resources are under great pressure from many sides, especially the local community. Identifying that problem, many models of natural resource co-management have appeared, emphasizing the role of local people in management effectiveness. The criteria for activities, forms of activities and implementation partners for activities all take the people as the focus. This new form of management is not imposed from above, but sensitive managers have known how to harmoniously combine the conservation and development of natural resources with the development of local people's livelihoods. The local community participates in many areas of natural resource conservation and development activities, and their role is not small in the results achieved today. They are the ones who live closest to the resources, have the conditions to monitor and inherit historical information, and have traditional indigenous knowledge. The benefits of natural resources are truly directly and regularly linked to the local community, so they will be the regular force participating in protecting, preserving and promoting it. The local community is the eyes and ears, the main core force in all activities to prevent illegal exploitation of resources as well as contribute to the sustainable development of this resource. The application of the biodiversity management and conservation model in Ha Long Bay cannot be taken

The existing models need to be analyzed, refined, and selected, and different types of models combined based on each ecosystem.

* Analyze the difficulties and advantages in applying the community-based biodiversity management and conservation model in Ha Long Bay.

- Hard.

+ Ha Long Bay has a large area (1553km2 ) , has a very unique community that is almost not found in other regions in the world and Vietnam, which are floating fishing villages living separately in closed bays right in the exposed area of ​​the Heritage site.

+ Harsh natural conditions, inconvenient transportation, and low education level of the communities in Ha Long Bay are major obstacles.

+ Ha Long Bay has a very high diversity of ecosystems, with up to 10 ecosystems in need of conservation. Finding conservation approaches for all ecosystems at the same time is very complicated. Most community-based biodiversity conservation models are in areas with low ecosystem diversity, so ecosystem management and approach are less complicated.

+ Environmental pollution due to resource exploitation, industry, services and civil activities.

+ The project area is a World Natural Heritage with strict international regulations on conservation and development of economic projects.

- Favorable.

+ Is a World Heritage area divided into management zones according to conservation area standards.

+ There is a Ha Long Bay Management Board, representing the government directly managing the area.

+ Support from local and central levels and sectors.

+ There are natural conditions and opportunities to develop socio-economic models towards sustainable development.

b) Stakeholders involved in model implementation.

- Analysis of stakeholders: Through the investigation of the topic, the main stakeholders in the model building were identified as Ha Long Bay Management Board, Hung Thang Ward People's Committee - Ha Long City and the community in the research area. In addition, there are related units such as, Departments of vertical management, Scientists, and Businesses.

Community: To conduct the analysis and assessment, the project conducted direct interviews with 30 households in fishing villages on the bay with the same 3 contents: Awareness of the value of biodiversity resources in Ha Long Bay, Awareness of participating in protecting biodiversity values ​​in Ha Long Bay, and the desire of households to use biodiversity values ​​to improve the quality of life.

+ Awareness of the value of biodiversity in Ha Long Bay: During the discussion, no household understood issues such as climate change, ecosystems, genetic resources... but most households understood the roles of biodiversity in providing aquatic resources, fuel for life, and realized that aquatic resources are gradually declining over the years. For example, about 10 to 15 years ago, every time they went fishing, they caught a lot of aquatic products, but recently many fishing trips have had to return empty-handed, and aquaculture has also encountered many diseases. Most households also said that some of the causes of decline are environmental pollution, destructive fishing (mines, electric shocks, poisons).

+ Awareness of participating in protecting biodiversity values: only 7/30 households are aware that they must fully participate in biodiversity protection activities (these households are all collaborators in protecting the Heritage of Ha Long Bay Management Board), the remaining households all believe that protecting biodiversity is the responsibility of Ha Long Bay Management Board, however 30/30 households agree that they must preserve the environment where they live, not litter indiscriminately but collect it for Ha Long Bay Management Board to bring ashore for treatment.

+ Community wishes: After introducing to households the models of management and conservation of biodiversity in Ha Long Bay that can be applied locally, all households agreed and were willing to participate if the models could bring them a better life. Some households with high awareness were willing to participate even if their income decreased but the environment could be protected.

Regarding the Ha Long Bay Management Board: conducted discussions with officials working on biodiversity conservation and leaders of conservation centers on the bay: when hearing the presentation on the community-based biodiversity management and conservation model of Ha Long Bay, they all received support and a desire to implement the model, however, most leaders of conservation centers were concerned about the awareness and level of the community when implementing the model.